Citizendia

Masaccio

Birth nameTommaso Cassai
BornDecember 21, 1401
Castel San Giovanni di Altura, Italy
Died1428
NationalityItalian
FieldPainting, fresco
MovementItalian Renaissance
WorksHoly Trinity
The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden

Masaccio (born Tommaso Cassai or in some accounts Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Mone; December 21, 1401 – autumn 1428), was the first great painter of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th The Holy Trinity with the Virgin and Saint John and donors (Santa Trinità is a famous Fresco by the Early Italian Renaissance painter Masaccio The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden ( Cacciata dei progenitori dall'Eden) is a Fresco by renowned early-Renaissance artist Masaccio. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e The cultural and artistic events of 15th century Italy are collectively referred to as the Quattrocento (from the Italian for '400 or from "millequattrocento" 1400 The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th His frescoes are the earliest monuments of Humanism, and introduce a plasticity previously unseen in figure painting. Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal

The name Masaccio is a humorous version of Tommaso, meaning "big", "fat", "clumsy" or "messy" Tom. The name was created to distinguish him from his principal collaborator, also called Tommaso, who came to be known as Masolino ("little/delicate Tom"). Masolino da Panicale (also known as Tommaso di Cristoforo Fini) ( Panicale, Umbria c

Despite his brief career, he had a profound influence on other artists. He was one of the first to use scientific perspective in his painting, employing techniques such as vanishing point in art for the first time. Perspective (from Latin perspicere to see through in the graphic arts such as drawing is an approximate representation on a flat surface (such as paper of an image as it is perceived A vanishing point is a point in a perspective drawing to which Parallel lines appear to converge He also moved away from the Gothic style and elaborate ornamentation of artists like Gentile da Fabriano to a more natural mode that employed perspective for greater realism. This article is about Gothic art See also Gothic architecture Gothic art was a Medieval art movement that lasted about 200 Gentile da Fabriano (c 1370 &ndash c 1427 was an Italian painter known for his participation in the International Gothic style Realism in the Visual arts and Literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in Everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation


Contents

Biography

The Holy Trinity / "Trinity with the Virgin, Saint John the Evangelist, and Donors" (1425-27/28) - Fresco, Santa Maria Novella, Florence
The Holy Trinity / "Trinity with the Virgin, Saint John the Evangelist, and Donors" (1425-27/28) - Fresco, Santa Maria Novella, Florence

Early life

Masaccio was born to Giovanni di Mone Cassai and Jacopa di Martinozzo in Castel San Giovanni di Altura, now San Giovanni Valdarno (now part of the province of Arezzo, Tuscany). SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных San Giovanni Valdarno is a town with a population of about 17000 in the Italian province of Arezzo Arezzo ( Provincia di Arezzo) is the easternmost province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 His father was a notary and his mother the daughter of an innkeeper of Barberino di Mugello, a town a few miles south of Florence. Barberino di Mugello is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 25 km Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany His family name, Cassai, comes from the trade of his grandfather Simone and granduncle Lorenzo, who were carpenters - cabinet makers ("casse", hence "cassai"). His father died in 1406, when Tommaso was only five; in that year another brother was born, called Giovanni after the dead father. He also was to become a painter, with the nickname of "Scheggia" meaning "splinter". The mother was remarried to an elderly apothecary, Tedesco, who guaranteed Masaccio and his family a comfortable childhood.

The family probably moved to Florence at the death of Tedesco, in August 1417. Little is known about this period until Tommaso joined one of the seven main crafts guilds in Florence, on January 7, 1422, signing as "Masus S. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Johannis Simonis pictor populi S. Nicholae de Florentia". In the new city Tommaso received his nickname, meaning "Clumsy Thomas" for the little care he gave to worldly affairs and to personal appearance: otherwise he was considered a good-natured person.

First works

The first works attributed to Masaccio are the Cascia Altarpiece, (1422), picturing the Madonna enthroned with angels and saints, and a Virgin and Child with St. Anne, (ca. The Madonna and Child with St Anne, also known as Sant'Anna Metterza, is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter 1424) at the Uffizi: they were already works of very high quality. The Uffizi Gallery (Galleria degli Uffizi one of the oldest and most famous Art Museums in the world is housed in the Palazzo degli Uffizi, a The second work was a collaboration with an older and already renowned artist, Masolino da Panicale, and for many years it was assumed Masaccio was simply an apprentice to Masolino. Masolino da Panicale (also known as Tommaso di Cristoforo Fini) ( Panicale, Umbria c More recently it has been noted that Masaccio gained entry to the Painters' Guild before Masolino, suggesting that their collaboration was for convenience or simply moved by mutual esteem. Masaccio's talent was apparent, and was probably already superior to that of Masolino. The source of the younger master's education remains an enigma; it is still not known where Masaccio received his training in art.

Maturity

In Florence, Masaccio could study the works of Giotto and become friends with Alberti, Brunelleschi and Donatello. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. Donatello ( Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi; c 1386 &ndash December 13, 1466) was a famous early Renaissance Italian According to Vasari, at their prompting in 1423 Masaccio travelled to Rome with Masolino: from that point he was freed of all Gothic and Byzantine influence, as may be seen in his altarpiece for the Carmelite Church in Pisa, the central panel of which (The Madonna and the Child) is now in the National Gallery, London. Giorgio Vasari ( 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian painter and Architect, who is today famous This article is about Gothic art See also Gothic architecture Gothic art was a Medieval art movement that lasted about 200 Byzantine art is the term commonly used to describe the artistic products of the Byzantine Empire from about the 4th century until the Fall of Constantinople An altarpiece is a picture or Relief representing a religious subject and suspended in a frame behind the Altar of a church Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. The Madonna with Child and Angels is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Masaccio, who worked in collaboration with his brother London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. As well as a sculptural and human Madonna the work features a convincing perspectival depiction of her throne. The traces of influences from ancient Roman and Greek art that are present in some of Masaccio's works presumably originated from this trip: they should also have been present in a lost Sagra, (today known through some drawings, including one by Michelangelo), a fresco commissioned for the consecration ceremony of the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence (April 19, 1422). Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all Santa Maria del Carmine is a church of the Carmelite Order in the Oltrarno district of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer It was destroyed when the church's cloister was rebuilt at the end of the 16th century.

The Tribute Money, fresco in the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence
The Tribute Money, fresco in the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence

Brancacci chapel

In 1424 the "duo preciso e noto" ("well and known duo") of Masaccio and Masolino was commissioned by the powerful and rich Felice Brancacci to execute a cycle of frescoes for the Brancacci Chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence. Brancacci Chapel is a Chapel in the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence. Brancacci Chapel is a Chapel in the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence. Santa Maria del Carmine is a church of the Carmelite Order in the Oltrarno district of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy. The theme of the frescoes in the little chapel was to be the "Histories of St. Peter". The genius of Masaccio shows clearly in these frescoes. In the "Resurrection of the Son of Theophilus", he painted a pavement in perspective, framed by large buildings to obtain a depth of field and three-dimensional space in which the figures are placed proportionate to their surroundings. In this he was a pioneer in applying the newly discovered rules of perspective.

When it was cleaned, Tommaso Masaccio's fresco of The Expulsion (1426–1427) lost the added fig leaves.
When it was cleaned, Tommaso Masaccio's fresco of The Expulsion (1426–1427) lost the added fig leaves. Masaccio (born Tommaso Cassai or in some accounts Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Mone; December 21, 1401 &ndash autumn 1428 was the first great Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden ( Cacciata dei progenitori dall'Eden) is a Fresco by renowned early-Renaissance artist Masaccio.

Masaccio's scenes show his reference to Giotto especially. The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, depicting a distressed Adam and Eve nude, had a huge influence on Michelangelo. The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden ( Cacciata dei progenitori dall'Eden) is a Fresco by renowned early-Renaissance artist Masaccio. Adam (אָדָם ʼĀḏām, "dust man mankind" آدم; Ge'ez: አዳ and Eve (חַוָּה Ḥawwā, "living Nudity is the state of wearing no Clothing. The term' "nudity" can also occasionally be used to refer to wearing significantly less clothing than expected Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all Another major work is The Tribute Money in which Jesus and the Apostles are depicted as neo-classical archetypes. The Tribute Money is a Fresco by the Italian Renaissance painter Masaccio, located in the Brancacci Chapel of the Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Seldom noted is that the shadows of the figures all fall away from the chapel window, as if the figures are lit by it; this an added stroke of verisimilitude and further tribute to Masaccio's innovative genius.

On September 1425 Masolino left the work and went to Hungary. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic It is not known if this was because of money quarrels with Felice or even if there was an artistic divergence with Masaccio. It has also been supposed that Masolino planned this trip from the very beginning, and needed a close collaborator who could continue the work after his departure.

Some of the scenes completed by the duo were lost in a fire in 1771; we know about them only through Vasari's biography. Year 1771 ( MDCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The surviving parts were extensively blackened by smoke, and the recent removal of marble slabs covering two areas of the paintings has revealed the original appearance of the work. Masaccio left the frescoes unfinished in 1426 in order to respond to other commissions, probably coming from the same patron. An unfinished work is a Creative work that has not been finished However, it has also been suggested that the declining finances of Felice Brancacci were insufficient to pay for any more work, so the painter therefore sought work elsewhere.

Resurrection of the Son of Theophilus
Resurrection of the Son of Theophilus

Masaccio returned in 1427 to work again in the Carmine, beginning the Resurrection of the Son of Theophilus, but apparently left it, too, unfinished, though it has also been suggested that the painting was severely damaged later in the century because it contained portraits of the Brancacci family, at that time excoriated as enemies of the Medici. This painting was either restored or completed more than fifty years later by Filippino Lippi. Filippo Lippi (c 1457 &ndash April 1504 was a well-known painter working during the High Renaissance in Florence, Italy.

Other works

On February 19, 1426 Masaccio was commissioned by Giuliano di Colino degli Scarsi, for the sum of 80 florins, to paint a major altarpiece, the Pisa Polyptych, for his chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Pisa. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. The work was dismantled and dispersed in the 18th century, and only eleven of about twenty original panels have been rediscovered in various places in the world. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Masaccio probably worked on it entirely in Pisa, shuttling back and forth to Florence, where he was still working on the Histories of St. Peter. In these years Donatello was also working in Pisa at a monument for Cardinal Rinaldo Brancacci, to be sent to Naples. Donatello ( Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi; c 1386 &ndash December 13, 1466) was a famous early Renaissance Italian Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the It has been suggested that Masaccio's first ventures in plasticity and perspective were based on Donatello's sculpture, before he could study Brunelleschi's more scientific approach to perspective. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance.

Fresco in the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence
Fresco in the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence

Through the help of Brunelleschi, in 1427 Masaccio won a prestigious commission to produce a Holy Trinity for the Santa Maria Novella church in Florence. Brancacci Chapel is a Chapel in the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence. The Holy Trinity with the Virgin and Saint John and donors (Santa Trinità is a famous Fresco by the Early Italian Renaissance painter Masaccio Santa Maria Novella is a church in Florence, Italy situated just across the main railway station which shares its name Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany The fresco, considered by many his masterwork, marks the first use of systematic linear perspective, possibly devised by Masaccio with the assistance of Brunelleschi himself.

Masaccio produced two other works, a Nativity and an Annunciation, now lost, before leaving for Rome, where his companion Masolino was frescoing the Basilica di San Clemente. The Nativity (also known as the Berlin Tondo) is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Masaccio, c Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Basilica of Saint Clement ( Basilica di San Clemente in Italian) Rome is a twelfth century Roman Catholic Basilica dedicated It has never been confirmed that Masaccio collaborated on that work, even though it is possible that he contributed to Masolino's polyptych of the altar of St. Mary Major with his panel portraying St. The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (its Italian name known in English also as St Mary Major, is an ancient Catholic Basilica of Rome Jerome and St. John the Baptist, now in the National Gallery of London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Masaccio died at the end of 1428. According to a legend, he was poisoned by a jealous rival painter.

Only four frescoes undoubtedly from Masaccio's hand still exist today, although many other works have been at least partially attributed to him. Others are believed to have been destroyed.

Legacy

Masaccio profoundly influenced the art of painting in the Renaissance. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere According to Vasari, all Florentine painters studied his frescoes extensively in order to "learn the precepts and rules for painting well". He transformed the direction of Italian painting, moving it away from the idealizations of Gothic art, and, for the first time, presenting it as part of a more profound, natural, and humanist world.

See also

Main works

External links

London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Getty Center in Brentwood Los Angeles California, USA, is the current home of part of the J Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic