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Marwanid, (990-1085), was a Kurdish dynasty in Northern Mesopotamia and Armenia, centered around the city of Diyarbakır. The Kurds are an Iranian-speaking ethnolinguistic group who have historically inhabited the mountainous areas to the south of Caucasus ( Zagros and Kurdish culture ( Kurdish:کۆلتاری كوردی (Koltari Kurdi or çand û toreya kurdî) is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people Land of Karda or Kur was the country located to the east of Tigris in what is today known as Kurdistan (land of Kurds) mentioned in Sumerian Gutium was a tribe that overran southern Mesopotamia when the Akkadian empire collapsed ca Mitanni ( Hittite cuneiform, also Mittani) or Hanigalbat ( Assyrian Hanigalbat Khanigalbat cuneiform) The Mannaeans (country name usually Mannea; Akkadian: Mannai, possibly Biblical Minni, מנּי were an ancient people of unknown origin Matiene was the name of a kingdom in northwestern Iran which overran the kingdom of the Mannae. The Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. Isauria (Ισαυρία in ancient geography is a rugged isolated district in the interior of South Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods but generally Corduene (also known as Gorduene, Cordyene, Cardyene, Carduene, Gordyene, Gordyaea, Korduene, Korchayk The Kayusid or House of Kayus (also Kâvos) or Kâvusakân (Kurdish Hozi Kavusakan ( 226 - 380) was a semi-independent Kurdish kingdom Sharazor (also Sharassur Shahrassor Shahr Assur, Shahre Assur, Shehri Assur, Land of Assur, and City of Assur) was name of a Sassanid The Shaddadids were a Kurdish dynasty who ruled in various parts of Armenia and Arran from 951 - 1199 A Rawadid (also Rawwadid or Ravvadid ( 955 - 1071) was a Kurdish principality ruling Azerbaijan from the 10th to the early 13th centuries centered Hasanawayhid was a Kurdish principality from 959 to 1015, centered at Dinawar (northeast of present-day Kermanshah) The Annazid or Banu Annaz,( 990 - 1116) were a Kurdish dynasty that ruled a territory on the present-day Iran - Iraq frontier Hadhabani (also Hadhbani) was an 11th century Kurdish dynasty centered at Ushnu. Hazaraspid,( 1148 - 1424) was a local Kurdish dynasty that ruled Zagros mountains region of southwestern Persia, essentially in The Ayyubid or Ayyoubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, Yemen (except for Badlis (1182-1847 was a Kurdish Principality originated from the Rojaki (Rozagi tribal confederation Ardalan or ( Erdelan) ( 1169 - 1867) was the name of a vassaldom in north-western Persia ( Iran) during Qajar period Badinan or Bahdinan,(1376-1843 was one of the more powerful and enduring Kurdish Principalities. Soran ( Kurdish: سۆران)was a Kurdish emirate that proclaimed independence in 1816 Mukriyan, was a Kurdish emirate centered at Mahabad, ruling areas to the south and west of lake Urmia since the end of 15th century until the middle of 19th century Baban, (1649-1850 was a Kurdish Principality and ruling family originated in the region of Pijder. Simko Shikak also Ismail Agha Shikak (1887-1930 was a Kurdish politician and nationalist The Kingdom of Kurdistan can refer to two kingdoms formed in the 1920s in the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan. This article is about the Kurdish independence movement The same name was sometimes also used to refer to the Democratic Republic of Armenia, established in 1918 The Republic of Mahabad ( Kurdish: Komarî Mehabad, Persian: جمهوری مهاباد) officially known as Republic of Kurdistan and established Iraqi Kurdistan Region ( Kurdish: هه رێمى كوردستان Herêmi Kurdistan, Arabic:إقليم كردستان العراق, Iqlĩm Kurdistãn Iranian Kurdistan ( Kurdish: کوردستانی ئران Kurdistanî Iran) or Kurdistana Rojhilat (Eastern Kurdistan or Rojhilatê Northern Kurdistan or Turkish Kurdistan Kurdish: Kurdistana Tirkiyê or Bakurê Kurdistanê) Northern Kurdistan is an Irredentist The Kurds in Turkey ( Kurdish: Kurdên li Tirkiye, Turkish: Türkiye'deki Kürtler) are an Indo-European people first mentioned Kurds are the largest ethnic minority in Syria making up less than 10% of the country's population Kurdish literature (in Kurdish: Wêjeya Kurdî) refers to Literature written in Kurdish language. Kurdish Music ( Sorani Kurdish:گۆرانی کوردی Gorani Kurdi) ( Kurmanji Kurdish: Muzîk û strana kurdî) refers to music performed in Kurdish dance ( Kurdish: هالپئرکی or Govend) is a group of traditional hand-holding Dances similar to those from the Balkans, Lebanon This article briefly introduces a list of better known Kurdish historical sites (Kurdish Asewari mêjûyi Kurdan Sites in Iranian Kurdistan Dimdim Events By Place Africa Construction of the Al-Hakim Mosque begins in Cairo. Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Diyarbakır (دیاربکر Diyâr-i Bekr 'land of the Bekr ' (from Persian) Kurdish Amed Zazaki language Dêrbekir Syriac Other cities under rule were Arzan, Mayyafarikin, Hisn-Kayfa (Hasankeyf), Khlat, Manzikert, Arjish. Hasankeyf ( Greek: Kiphas; Kurdish: Hesenkeyf Latin: Cepha; Aramaic and Arabic: Hisn Kayfa The founder of the dynasty was a Kurdish shepherd, Abu Shuja Badh bin Dustak. He left his cattle, took up arms and became a valiant chief of war, obtaining celebrity. When a member of the Iranian dynasty of Buyid, Adud al Dawla, who ruled the Islamic empire, died in 983, Badh took Mayyafarikin, a city of the North-Eastern Diyarbakır. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Events By Place Asia Wood carvers commissioned by China's Song Dynasty complete a carving of the entire Buddhist canon Formerly it was Martyropolis, and nowadays it calls Silvan. Silvan or Miyarfarqin ( Kurdish: Farqîn, Middle Persian: Miyān Pārgin, Persian: سيلوان) is a district He took Akhlat and Nisibis, too.
Contents |
List of Marwanid Rulers
- Abu Shja Badh bin Dustak (983-990)
- Al-Hasan ibn Marwan (990-997)
- Mumahhid al-Dawla Sa’id (997-1011)
- Nasr al-Dawla Ahmad ibn Marwan (1011-1061)
- Nizam al-Dawla Nasr (1061-1079)
- Nasir al-Dawla Mansur (1079-1085)
Badh bin Dustak
He founded the Kurdish emirate and conquered Diyarbakır, as well as a variety of urban sites on the northern shores of Lake Van in Armenia. A van is a kind of vehicle used for Transporting goods or groups of people During the Phocas revolt, Bad took advantage of the mayhem inside Byzantium to raid the plain of Mus in Taron, an Armenian princedom annexed by Byzantium in 966. This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM Muş is a province in eastern Turkey. It is 8196 km² in area and has a population of 488997 (2006 est 966 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Europe April 14 or April 30 — Mieszko
Abu Ali Al-Hasan bin Marwan
Elias of Nisibis, a syriac chronicler, mentioned shortly the life of Abu ‘Ali al-Hasan. See Syriac (disambiguation for other uses Syriac (syr ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ leššānā Suryāyā) is an Eastern Aramaic language After the death of his uncle Badh, the elder son of Marwan came back to Hisn-Kayfa, married the widow of the old warrior chief. He fought the last Hamdanids, confused them and took again all the fortresses. The Hamdanid dynasty (حمدانيون was a Muslim Arab dynasty of northern Iraq ( Al-Jazirah) and Syria (890- 1004) Elias related the tragic end of this prince who was killed in Amed (Diyarbakır) in 997 by insurged inhabitants. Diyarbakır (دیاربکر Diyâr-i Bekr 'land of the Bekr ' (from Persian) Kurdish Amed Zazaki language Dêrbekir Syriac Diyarbakır (دیاربکر Diyâr-i Bekr 'land of the Bekr ' (from Persian) Kurdish Amed Zazaki language Dêrbekir Syriac Events By Place Europe First documented reference to the City of Gdańsk. His brother Abu Mansur Sa’id succeeded to him, under the name of Mumahhid al-Dawla. In 992, after Bad's death and a series of Byzantine punitive raids around Lake Van, Basil II was able to negotiate a lasting peace with the Kurdish emirate. Events By Place Africa The Ghana Empire captures the Berber town of Awdaghost. A van is a kind of vehicle used for Transporting goods or groups of people Basil II, surnamed the Bulgar-slayer (Βασίλειος Β΄ Βουλγαροκτόνος Basileios II Boulgaroktonos, 958 &ndash December 15 1025
Mumahhid al-Dawla Sa’id
Mumahhid, a skilful diplomat, could make use of the Byzantines'ambitions, who were present in Northern-Anatolia. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The relations of this prince with the Emperor Basil II (976-1025) were quite friendly. Basil II, surnamed the Bulgar-slayer (Βασίλειος Β΄ Βουλγαροκτόνος Basileios II Boulgaroktonos, 958 &ndash December 15 1025 When Basil learnt the murderer of the Georgian potentate David III of Tao, who had left by testament his kingdom to the Byzantine empire, he stopped the campaign that he had begun in Syria for making sure of Arabian emirs' obedience and he crossed the Euphrates. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between David III Kuropalates (დავით III კუროპალატი Davit’ III Kuropalati) or David III the Great (დავით III დიდი Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת He annexed David's state, received Mumahhid ed Daula merrily and made peace with him. Mumahhid ed Daula took advantage of peace for restoring the walls of his capital Maïpherqat (Mayyafarikin), the siege of his sovereignty, and made inscribe on it his name, that is still shining nowadays.
In 1000 when Basil II travelled from Cilicia to the lands of David III Kuropalates (Akhlat and Manzikert), Mumahhid al-Dawla came to offer his submission to the emperor and in return he received the high rank of magistros and doux of the East [1]. Geography Cilicia extended along the Aegean coast east from Pamphylia, to Mount Amanus ( Gavurdağı Mount) which separated it from Syria David III Kuropalates (დავით III კუროპალატი Davit’ III Kuropalati) or David III the Great (დავით III დიდი Dux (plural duces) is Latin for leader (from the verb ducere, 'to lead' and could refer to anyone who commanded troops such
Nasr al-Dawla Ahmad ibn Marwan
He was the third Marwan's son, acceded to the throne. As a clever politician, he could skilfully impose on the Buyid emir Sultan al-Dawla, the Fatimid caliph of Egypt Al Hakim and on the Byzantine Emperor Basil II. The Buyids (آل بویه Āl-e Buye, Caspian: Bowyiyün also known as Buwaihids or Buyyids, were a Shī‘ah Iranian This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. This is a list of the Emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire, commonly known as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians Basil II, surnamed the Bulgar-slayer (Βασίλειος Β΄ Βουλγαροκτόνος Basileios II Boulgaroktonos, 958 &ndash December 15 1025 All of them sent him congratulations. They represented the great powers that surrendered the state-plug of Mayyafarikin. Elias of Nisibis has written that Nasr al-Dawla Ahmad bin Marwan, "the victorious emir", subdued Ibn Dimne, his vassal in Diyarbakır, in 1011. A vassal (also called feodary or fedary) in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of Medieval Europe, Diyarbakır (دیاربکر Diyâr-i Bekr 'land of the Bekr ' (from Persian) Kurdish Amed Zazaki language Dêrbekir Syriac He signed with the Empire of Constantinople, a pact of mutual non-aggression, but violated it once or twice. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS The renown of this Kurdish Muslim prince grew so such that the inhabitants of al-Ruha, (Edessa)(present-day Sanli Urfa), at the west, called him for being released of an Arabian chief. Edessa ( Greek:) is the historical name of a Syriac town in northern Mesopotamia, refounded on an ancient site by Seleucus I Nicator Şanlıurfa (often simply known as Urfa in daily language formerly cited as Edessa or in Kurdish; Riha or Urhāy The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) Nasr al-Dawla b. Marwan took the city of Edessa in 1026, and added it to his possessions. This event has been reported by the famous western-Syriac author Abu’l Faradj Bar Hebraeus (1226-1286). So Nasr al-Dawla annexed Edessa, but the city was retaken by the Byzantine Empire in 1031. The long rule of Nasr al-Dawla Ahmad meaning the apogee of Marwanids' power. He built a new citadel on a hill of Mayyafarikin where stood the Church of Virgin, he built bridges and public baths. He restored the observatory. Some libraries fit out the mosques of Mayyafarikin and Amed. Diyarbakır (دیاربکر Diyâr-i Bekr 'land of the Bekr ' (from Persian) Kurdish Amed Zazaki language Dêrbekir Syriac He invited well-known scholars, historians and poets to his royal court, among them Ibn al-Athir, ‘Abd Allah al-Kazaruni (poet), al-Tihami. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad, better known as Ali 'izz al- Din He sheltered political refugees as the future Abbassid caliph Al-Muqtadi(1075-1099). Al-Muqtadi ( المقتدى) (died 1094 was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1075 to 1094 Nasr al-Dawla b. Marwan, in 1054, had to acknowledge as his own liege Toghrul Beg the Seljuk, who ruled on the largest part of Jezira, but he kept his territories. For the Kerait ruler Toghrul protector of Genghis Khan see Wang Khan. This fine period of peace and good feelings between Kurds and Syriacs was rich in creations in the field of cultural life. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية It was dense for trade, active for arts and crafts, impressive in short. Nasr al-Dawla b. Marwan left in Diyarbakır monumental inscriptions that show still now the artistic brightness of its reign.
Twilight
After Nasr al-Dawla's death, the Marwanids' power declined and grew weak. His second son, Nizam, succeeded him and ruled until 1079, then followed his son Nasir al-Dawla Mansur. The end of the Marwanid dynasty minced along, in a scent of treason. Ibn Jahir, a former vizir, left the Diyarbakır, and went to Baghdad. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous There, he could convince the sultan Malik Shah I (1072-1092), a grand-nephew of Toghrul Beg, and the famous vizir Nizam al-Mulk, to allow him for assaulting Mayyafarikin. Jalāl al-Dawlah Mālikshāh or simply Malik Shah ( Persian: fa ملكشاه Turkish: Melikşah) (died 1092 was the When the city was taken, Ibn Jahir took off the great treasures that belonged to the Marwanids and detained them greedily for himself. Since and after, the Diyarbakır fell almost entirely under the direct rule of Seljukids. The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in The last emir, Nasir al-Dawla Mansur, kept only the city of Jazirat Ibn ‘Umar (present-day Cizre in south-eastern Turkey). Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches
Notes
- ^ J. C. Cheynet, Basil II and Asia Minor, pp. 71-108 in Byzantium in the Year 1000 edited by Paul Magdalino, International Congress of Historical Sciences, 284 pp. , Brill Publishers, 2003, ISBN 9004120971, p. 98
References
- Blaum, P. , "A History of the Kurdish Marwanid Dynasty (983-1085), Part I", Kurdish Studies: An International Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1-2, Spring/Fall 1992, pp. 54-68.
- Blaum, P. , "A History of the Kurdish Marwanid Dynasty (983-1085), Part II", Kurdish Studies: An International Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1-2, Fall 1993, pp. 40-65.
- The Kurdish Marwanid princes and Syriac scholars, by Ephrem-Isa Yousif.
- The Kurdish Marwanid princes and Syriac scholars
- Basil II, in An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors, by Catherine Holmes, 2003.
- Chronography of Elias bar-Sinaya, Metropolitan of Nisibe, edited and translated by L. J. Delaporte, Paris, 1910, P. 138.
- Bar Hébraeus, Chronique universelle, Mokhtassar al-Doual, Beirout, P. 180.
- al-Fâriqî, Ahmad b. Yûsuf b. `Alî b. al-Azrâq, Târîkh al-fâriqî (ed. Badawî `Abd al-Latîf `Awwad). Beirut: Dâr al-Kitâb al-Lubnânî, 1984. [English summary by H. F. Amedroz, "The Marwanid dynasty at Mayyafariqin in the tenth and eleventh centuries AD", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1903, 123-154].
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