| Martinus Beijerinck | |
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| Born | March 16, 1851 Amsterdam, Holland |
|---|---|
| Died | January 1, 1931 Gorssel, Holland |
| Fields | Microbiology |
| Institutions | Wageningen University Delft School of Microbiology (founder) |
| Alma mater | Leiden University |
| Known for | Nitrogen cycle Chemoautotrophy Virology Sulfate-reducing bacteria Bacterial cultivation |
| Influenced | Sergei Winogradsky |
| Notable awards | Leeuwenhoek Medal (1905) |
Martinus Willem Beijerinck (March 16, 1851 - January 1, 1931) was a Dutch microbiologist and botanist. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Microbiology (from Greek grc μῑκρος mīkros, "small" grc βίος bios, " Life " and grc -λογία Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Leiden University (Universiteit Leiden located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest University in The Netherlands. The nitrogen cycle is the Biogeochemical cycle that describes the transformations of Nitrogen and nitrogen-containing compounds in nature Chemotrophs are organisms that obtain Energy by the Oxidation of Electron donating Molecules in their environments Virology is the study of viruses and virus-like agents: their structure classification and evolution their ways to infect and exploit cells for virus reproduction Sulfate-reducing bacteria comprise several groups of bacteria that use Sulfate as an oxidizing agent reducing it to Sulfide. A microbiological culture, AKA microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory Sergei Nikolaievich Winogradsky (or Vinogradskii Сергей Николаевич Виноградский ( September 1, 1856 - February 25, The Leeuwenhoek Medal, established in 1877 by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, (KNAW in honor of the 17th- and 18th-century microscopist Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands A microbiologist is a Scientist who works in the field of Microbiology. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life He was born in Amsterdam. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west
Beijerinck studied at Leiden University and became a teacher in microbiology at the Agricultural School in Wageningen (now Wageningen University and later at the Polytechnische Hogeschool Delft (Delft Polytechnic, currently Delft University of Technology) (from 1895). Leiden University (Universiteit Leiden located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest University in The Netherlands. Delft is a city and Municipality in the province of South Holland (Zuid-Holland the Netherlands. Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable The Delft University of Technology ( Technische Universiteit Delft in Dutch) in Delft, the Netherlands, is the nation's largest technical Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year He established the Delft School of Microbiology. His studies of agricultural microbiology and industrial microbiology yielded fundamental discoveries in the field of biology. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles His achievements have been perhaps unfairly overshadowed by those of his contemporaries Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur, because unlike them, Beijerinck never studied human disease. Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch ( December 11 1843 – May 27 1910) was a German Physician. Louis Pasteur (27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895 a French Chemist and Microbiologist, is best known for remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and
He is considered the founder of virology. Virology is the study of viruses and virus-like agents: their structure classification and evolution their ways to infect and exploit cells for virus reproduction He discovered viruses in 1898 by proving in filtration experiments that the tobacco mosaic disease is caused by something smaller than a bacterium. A virus (from the Latin virus meaning Toxin or Poison) is a sub-microscopic infectious agent that is unable Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV is an RNA virus that infects Plants especially Tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have He named that new pathogen virus. A pathogen (from Greek πάθος pathos "suffering passion" and γἰγνομαι (γεν- gignomai (gen- "I give birth to" infectious (Dimitri Ivanovski discovered viruses in 1892, but failed to report his findings. ) Beijerinck maintained that viruses were liquid in nature, a theory later discredited by Wendell Stanley, who proved they were particulate. Wendell Meredith Stanley ( August 16, 1904 &ndash June 15, 1971) was an American biochemist, virologist [1]
Beijerinck also discovered nitrogen fixation, the process by which diatomic nitrogen gas is converted to ammonium and becomes available to plants. Nitrogen fixation is the process by which Nitrogen is taken from its natural relatively inert molecular form (N2 in the atmosphere and converted into Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Ammonium is also an old name for the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt. Bacteria perform nitrogen fixation, dwelling inside root nodules of certain plants (legumes). Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with Vigna bacteria. A legume is a Plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae or a Fruit of these specific plants In addition to having discovered a biochemial reaction vital to soil fertility and agriculture, Beijerinck revealed this archetypical example of symbiosis between plants and bacteria. Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture This article is about the biological phenomenon for other uses see Symbiosis (disambiguation The term symbiosis (from the Greek Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have
Beijerinck discovered the phenomenon of bacterial sulfate reduction, a form of anaerobic respiration. Sulfate-reducing bacteria comprise several groups of bacteria that use Sulfate as an oxidizing agent reducing it to Sulfide. See also Fermentation (biochemistry Anaerobic respiration (anaerobiosis refers to the Oxidation of molecules in the absence of Oxygen to produce He learned that bacteria could use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor, instead of oxygen. This discovery has had an important impact on our current understanding of biogeochemical cycles. In Ecology and Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle is a circuit or pathway by which a Chemical element or Molecule moves through both biotic Spirillum desulfuricans, the first known sulfate-reducing bacterium, was isolated and described by Beijerinck. Spirillum in Microbiology refers to a Bacterium with a cell body that twists like a spiral
Beijerinck invented the enrichment culture, a fundamental method of studying microbes from the environment. A microbiological culture, AKA microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory A microorganism (also spelled micro organism or micro-organism and also called a microbe) is an Organism that is Microscopic (usually He is often credited with framing the microbial ecology idea that "everything is everywhere, the environment decides. "
Beijerinck was a socially awkward figure. He was verbally abusive to students, never married, and had few professional collaborations. He was also known for his ascetic lifestyle and his view of science and marriage being incompatible. Ascetic redirects here You might also be looking for Acetic acid. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** His low popularity with his students periodically depressed him, as he very much loved spreading his enthusiasm for biology in the classroom.
See also
Notes
- ^ Lerner, K. Sergei Nikolaievich Winogradsky (or Vinogradskii Сергей Николаевич Виноградский ( September 1, 1856 - February 25, L. ; B. M. Lerner (2002). Martinus Willem Beijerinck from World of Microbiology and Immunology. Florence, KY: Thomas Gage Publishing. ISBN 0787665401. “Beijerinck asserted that the virus was liquid, but this theory was later disproved by Wendell Stanley, who demonstrated the particulate nature of viruses. Beijerinck, nevertheless, set the stage for twentieth-century virologists to uncover the secrets of viral pathogens now known to cause a wide range of plant and animal (including human) diseases”
References
- Chung, King-Thom and Ferris, Deam Hunter (1996). Martinus Willem Beijerinck (1851-1931): pioneer of general microbiology. AMS News 62, 539-543. PDF
External links
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