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Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren
In office
March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841
Vice President Richard Mentor Johnson
Preceded by Andrew Jackson
Succeeded by William Henry Harrison
In office
March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837
President Andrew Jackson
Preceded by John C. Calhoun
Succeeded by Richard Mentor Johnson
In office
March 28, 1829 – May 23, 1831
President Andrew Jackson
Preceded by Henry Clay
Succeeded by Edward Livingston
Election date
November 7, 1848
Running mate Charles Francis Adams, Sr.
Opponent(s) Zachary Taylor (Whig)
Lewis Cass (D)
Incumbent James Knox Polk (D)
In office
January 1, 1829 – March 5, 1829
Lieutenant Enos T. Throop
Preceded by Nathaniel Pitcher
Succeeded by Enos T. Throop
In office
March 4, 1821 – December 20, 1828
Preceded by Nathan Sanford
Succeeded by Charles E. Dudley
In office
1823 – 1828
Preceded by William Smith
Succeeded by John Macpherson Berrien
Born December 5, 1782(1782-12-05)
Decatur, Alabama[1]
Died July 24, 1862 (aged 79)
Kinderhook, New York
Nationality American
Political party Democratic-Republican, Democratic, and Free Soil
Spouse Hannah Hoes Van Buren (1807-1819)
Children Abraham Van Buren
John Van Buren
Martin Van Buren (1812–55)
Smith Thompson Van Buren
Alma mater Kinderhook Academy
Occupation Lawyer
Religion Dutch Reformed [2]
Signature Martin Van Buren's signature

Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Richard Mentor Johnson (October 17 1780 or 1781 &ndash November 19 1850 was the ninth Vice President of the United States, serving in the administration of Martin Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 This article is about the general and president For his great-great-grandson see William H The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18 1782 &ndash March 31 1850 was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during Richard Mentor Johnson (October 17 1780 or 1781 &ndash November 19 1850 was the ninth Vice President of the United States, serving in the administration of Martin The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 Henry Clay Sr ( April 12, 1777 &ndash June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and Orator who Edward Livingston (26 May 1764&ndash23 May 1836 was a prominent American jurist and statesman The United States presidential election of 1848 was an open race Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Charles Francis Adams Sr ( August 18, 1807 &ndash November 21, 1886) the son of President John Quincy Adams and Louisa Zachary Taylor (November 24 1784 &ndash July 9 1850 was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. Lewis Cass ( October 9, 1782 – June 17, 1866) was an American military officer and Politician. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. James Knox Polk ( November 2 1795&ndashJune 15 1849 was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4 1845 to March 4 1849 The Governor of New York is the head of the Executive branch of New York 's government and the Commander-in-chief of the state's military New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Enos Thompson Throop, (the name is pronounced like "troop" ( August 21, 1784 Johnstown, then Montgomery County, now Fulton County Nathaniel Pitcher ( November 30, 1777 Litchfield Connecticut - May 25, 1836 Sandy Hill New York, now Hudson Falls Enos Thompson Throop, (the name is pronounced like "troop" ( August 21, 1784 Johnstown, then Montgomery County, now Fulton County The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Nathan Sanford ( November 5, 1777 Bridgehampton, Suffolk County New York - October 17, 1838 Flushing, Queens Charles Edward Dudley (May 23 1780 &ndash January 23 1841 American politician was born in England during the American Revolution, the son of Loyalist The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary (informally Senate Judiciary Committee) is a Standing committee of the United States Senate, the William Smith ( September 6, 1762 &ndash June 26, 1840) was chosen as a Democratic-Republican to the U John MacPherson Berrien ( August 23, 1781 &ndash January 1, 1856) of Georgia was a United States Senator and Andrew Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Hannah Hoes Van Buren ( March 8, 1783 &ndash February 5, 1819) born Hannah Hoes, was the wife of the eighth United States This article is about the son of President Martin Van Buren, for the United States representative see John Van Buren (US representative. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person The Reformed Church in America (RCA is a mainline Reformed Protestant denomination that was formerly a part of the Dutch Reformed Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Before his presidency, he served as the eighth Vice President (1833-1837) and the 10th Secretary of State under Andrew Jackson. The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 He was a key organizer of the Democratic Party, a dominant figure in the Second Party System, and the first president who was not of British (i. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The Second Party System is a term of Periodization used by historians and political scientists to name the political system existing in the United States from about British people, or Britons, are the native inhabitants of Great Britain and their descendants or citizens of the United Kingdom, of the e. English, Irish, Welsh, Scottish, or Scots-Irish) descent. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate The Welsh people ( Welsh: Cymro ("Welshman" Cymraes ("Welsh woman" Cymry ("Welshmen/women" Cymry The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. Ulster-Scots are an ethnic group in Ireland, descended from mainly Lowland Scots who settled in the province of Ulster in the north of He was the first president to be born an American citizen[3] (his predecessors were born before the revolution); he is also the only president not to have spoken English as a first language, having grown up speaking Dutch. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname [4]

Van Buren was the first to serve only one term besides John Adams. John Adams (October 30 1735 July 4 1826 was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States. He also was one of the central figures in developing modern political organizations. As Andrew Jackson's Secretary of State and then Vice President, he was a key figure in building the organizational structure for Jacksonian democracy, particularly in New York State. Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 Jacksonian Democracy refers to the political philosophy of United States President Andrew Jackson and his supporters However, as a President, his administration was largely characterized by the economic hardship of his time, the Panic of 1837. The Panic of 1837 was a Panic in the United States built on a speculative fever Between the bloodless Aroostook War and the Caroline Affair, relations with Britain and its colonies in Canada also proved to be strained. The Aroostook War was an undeclared (and ultimately bloodless confrontation in 1838-39 between the United States and Great Britain over the international boundary between British The Caroline Affair was a series of events beginning in 1837 that strained relations between the United States and Britain. Whether or not these are directly his fault, Van Buren was voted out of office after four years, with a close popular vote but a rout in the electoral vote. In 1848 he ran for president on a third party ticket, the Free Soil Party.

Other than Thomas Jefferson, Martin Van Buren is the only person to accomplish a so called "triple crown": serving as Secretary of State, Vice-President, and finally President. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by

Contents

Biography

Martin Van Buren was born in the village of Kinderhook, New York, approximately 25 miles south of Albany, the state capital, as the third of five children. Kinderhook (Kinderhoek in Dutch) is a Village located in the Town of Kinderhook in Columbia County, New York, United States New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County. In countries with federal Constitutions divided into subnational entities known as states, the state capital is the administrative center He was the first president born in the United States, as all previous ones were born before the American Revolution. His great-great-great-great-grandfather Cornelis had come to the New World in 1631 from the Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands His father was Abraham Van Buren (February 17, 1737–April 8, 1817), a farmer and popular tavern-master. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1737 ( MDCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A tavern or pot-house is loosely a place of Business where people gather to drink Alcoholic beverages and more than likely also be served Food His mother was Maria Hoes Van Allen (February 27, 1743–February 16, 1817), a widow who had three sons from a previous relationship. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1743 ( MDCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols

Presidential Dollar of Martin Van Buren
Presidential Dollar of Martin Van Buren

Van Buren was educated at the common schools and at Kinderhook Academy. A common school was a Public school in the United States or Canada in the nineteenth century In 1796, he began the study of law, completing his preparation in 1802 in New York City, where he studied under William Peter van Ness. The City of New York In 1803, he was admitted to the bar and continued an active and successful practice for 25 years. A bar association is a Professional body of Lawyers Some bar associations are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession in their Jurisdiction

On February 21, 1807, he married Hannah Hoes, a maternal cousin. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Hannah Hoes Van Buren ( March 8, 1783 &ndash February 5, 1819) born Hannah Hoes, was the wife of the eighth United States Hannah died in 1819, before her husband became President (and, therefore, never became First Lady). First Lady of the United States is the unofficial title of the hostess of the White House.

Van Buren had been active in politics from at least the age of 17 when he attended a party convention in Troy, New York where he worked to secure the Congressional nomination for John Van Ness. However, once established in his practice, he became wealthy enough to increase his focus on politics. He was an early supporter of Aaron Burr. He allied himself with the Clintonian faction of the Democratic-Republican Party, and was surrogate of Columbia County from 1808 until 1813, when he was removed. There is also a Town of Columbia in New York Columbia County is a County located in the U In 1812, he became a member of the New York State Senate. The New York State Senate is one of two houses in the New York State Legislature and has members each elected to two-year terms In 1817, Martin Van Buren created the first political machine encompassing all of New York, the Bucktails, whose leaders later became known as the Albany Regency, and he was the prime architect of the first nationwide political party: the Jacksonian Democrats. The Bucktails may refer to one of two organizations that were particularly characterized and identified by the wearing of a Bucktail in their headgear The Albany Regency was a group of Politicians who controlled the New York state government between 1822 and 1838 In Van Buren's own words: "Without strong national political organizations, there would be nothing to moderate the prejudices between free and slaveholding states"("Martin Van Buren" 103-114).

Early political career

New York State Politics

As a member of the state Senate, he supported the War of 1812 and drew up a classification act for the enrollment of volunteers. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies He broke with DeWitt Clinton in 1813 and tried to find a way to oppose Clinton's plan for the Erie Canal in 1817. DeWitt Clinton ( March 2, 1769 Little Britain New York February 11, 1828 Albany New York) was an early American politician The Erie Canal is a popular canal in New York state from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, approximately 360 miles connecting the Great Lakes Van Buren supported a bill that raised money for the canal through state bonds, and the bill quickly passed through the legislature with the help of his Tammany Hall compatriots.

Van Buren's attitude towards slavery at the moment was shown by his vote, in January 1820, for a resolution opposing the admission of Missouri as a slave state (though he himself was a slave owner). As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee In the same year, he was chosen a presidential elector. The Electoral College consists of 538 popularly elected representatives who formally select the President and Vice President of the United States. It is at this point that Van Buren's connection began with so-called "machine politics". He was the leading figure in the "Albany Regency," a group of politicians who for more than a generation dominated much of the politics of New York and powerfully influenced those of the nation. The Albany Regency was a group of Politicians who controlled the New York state government between 1822 and 1838 The group, together with the political clubs such as Tammany Hall that were developing at the same time, played a major role in the development of the "spoils system" a recognized procedure in national, state and local affairs. Tammany Hall was the Democratic Party Political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics and helping immigrants (most notably In the Politics of the United States, a spoils system is an informal practice where a political party after winning an election gives government jobs to its voters as a reward The Bucktails became a loyal faction with a large amount of party loyalty, and through their actions they were able to capture and control many patronage posts throughout New York. Van Buren did not originate the system but gained the nickname of "Little Wizard" for the skill with which he exploited it. He served also as a member of the state constitutional convention, where he opposed the grant of universal suffrage and tried to keep property requirements. Alternative meaning Constitutional convention (political custom A constitutional convention is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new

U. S. Senate and national politics

In February 1821, Martin Van Buren was elected to the United States Senate. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Martin Van Buren at first favored internal improvements, such as road repairs and canal creation, therefore proposing a constitutional amendment in 1824 to authorize such undertakings. The next year, however, he took ground against them. He voted for the tariff of 1824 then gradually abandoned the protectionist position, coming out for "tariffs for revenue only. Tariffs in American history have played different roles in trade policy and the Economic history of the United States. "

In the presidential election of 1824, Martin Van Buren supported William H. Crawford and received the electoral vote of Georgia for vice-president, but he shrewdly kept out of the acrimonious controversy which followed the choice of John Quincy Adams as President. In the United States presidential election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9 1825 after the election was decided by the House William Harris Crawford ( February 24, 1772 &ndash September 15, 1834) was an important American politician The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death John Quincy Adams (July 11 1767 &ndash February 23 1848 was an American diplomat and politician who served as the sixth President of the United States Martin Van Buren had originally hoped to block Adams' victory by denying him the state of New York (the state was divided between Martin Van Buren supporters who would vote for William H. Crawford and Adams' men). William Harris Crawford ( February 24, 1772 &ndash September 15, 1834) was an important American politician However, Representative Stephen Van Rensselaer swung New York to Adams and thereby the 1824 Presidency. Stephen Van Rensselaer III ( November 1 1764 &ndash January 26 1839) was Lieutenant Governor of New York as well He recognized early the potential of Andrew Jackson as a presidential candidate. Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837

After the election, Martin Van Buren sought to bring the Crawford and Jackson followers together and strengthened his control as a leader in the Senate. Always notably courteous in his treatment of opponents, he showed no bitterness toward either John Quincy Adams or Henry Clay, and he voted for Clay's confirmation as Secretary of State, notwithstanding Jackson's "corrupt bargain" charge. John Quincy Adams (July 11 1767 &ndash February 23 1848 was an American diplomat and politician who served as the sixth President of the United States Henry Clay Sr ( April 12, 1777 &ndash June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and Orator who The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Three deals cut in connection with the presidency of the United States - two in contested United States presidential elections and a presidential appointment of a vice president - At the same time, he opposed the Adams-Clay plans for internal improvements and declined to support the proposal for a Panama Congress. As chairman of the Judiciary Committee, he brought forward a number of measures for the improvement of judicial procedure and, in May 1826, joined with Senator Thomas Hart Benton in presenting a report on executive patronage. Thomas Hart Benton nicknamed "Old Bullion" ( March 14, 1782 &ndash April 10, 1858) was a U In the debate on the "tariff of abominations" in 1828, he took no part but voted for the measure in obedience to instructions from the New York legislature—an action which was cited against him as late as the presidential campaign of 1844. The Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, enacted on May 19 1828 (ch The United States presidential election of 1844 saw Democrat James Knox Polk defeat Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on foreign

Martin Van Buren was not an orator, but his more important speeches show careful preparation and his opinions carried weight; the oft-repeated charge that he refrained from declaring himself on crucial questions is hardly borne out by an examination of his senatorial career. In February 1827, he was re-elected to the Senate by a large majority. He became one of the recognized managers of the Jackson campaign, and his tour of Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia in the spring of 1827 won support for Jackson from Crawford. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The Carolinas is a term used in the United States to refer collectively to the states of North and South Carolina. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Martin Van Buren sought to reorganize and unify "the old Republican party" behind Jackson. [5] Van Buren helped create a grassroots style of politicking that is often seen today. At the state level, Jackson's committee chairmen would split up the responsibilities around the state and organize volunteers at the local level. "Hurra Boys" would plant hickory trees (in honor of Jackson's nickname, "Old Hickory") or hand out hickory sticks at rallies. Martin Van Buren even had a New York journalist write a campaign piece portraying Jackson as a humble, pious man. "Organization is the secret of victory," an editor in the Adams camp wrote. He once said to a group of lobbyists the famous quote and "By the want of it we have been overthrown. " In 1828, Martin Van Buren was elected governor of New York for the term beginning on January 1, 1829, and resigned his seat in the Senate. The Governor of New York is the head of the Executive branch of New York 's government and the Commander-in-chief of the state's military

Martin Van Buren's tenure as New York governor is the second shortest on record. While his term was short, he did manage to pass the Bank Safety Act (an early form of deposit insurance).

The Jackson Cabinet

On March 5, he was appointed by President Jackson as Secretary of State, an office which probably had been assured to him before the election, and he resigned the governorship. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs He was succeeded in the governorship by his Lieutenant Governor, Enos T. Throop, a member of the regency. Enos Thompson Throop, (the name is pronounced like "troop" ( August 21, 1784 Johnstown, then Montgomery County, now Fulton County As Secretary of State, Van Buren took care to keep on good terms with the "kitchen cabinet," the group of politicians who acted as Jackson's advisers. He won the lasting regard of Jackson by his courtesies to Mrs. John H. Eaton (Peggy Eaton), wife of the Secretary of War, with whom the wives of the cabinet officers had refused to associate. Margaret O'Neill (or O'Neale Eaton ( 3 December, 1799 - 8 November, 1879) better known as Peggy Eaton, was the daughter of The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration He did not oppose Jackson in the matter of removals from office but was not himself an active "spoilsman". He skillfully avoided entanglement in the Jackson-Calhoun imbroglio. John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18 1782 &ndash March 31 1850 was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during

1832 Whig cartoon shows Jackson carrying Van Buren into office
1832 Whig cartoon shows Jackson carrying Van Buren into office

No diplomatic questions of the first magnitude arose during Van Buren's service as secretary, but the settlement of long-standing claims against France was prepared and trade with the British West Indies colonies was opened. The term British West Indies refers to territories in and around the Caribbean which were at one time colonised by the United Kingdom. In the controversy with the Bank of the United States, he sided with Jackson. The Second Bank of the United States was a bank chartered in 1816 five years after the expiration of the First Bank of the United States. After the breach between Jackson and Calhoun, Van Buren was clearly the most prominent candidate for the vice-presidency.

Vice-Presidency

In December 1829, Jackson had already made known his own wish that Van Buren should receive the nomination. In April 1831, Van Buren resigned from his secretary of state position, as a result of the Petticoat Affair- though he did not leave office until June. The Petticoat Affair (also known as the Eaton Affair or the Eaton Malaria) was an U However, Van Buren still played a part in the Kitchen Cabinet. [6] In August, he was appointed minister to the Court of St. James (United Kingdom), and he arrived in London in September. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located He was cordially received, but in February, he learned that his nomination had been rejected by the Senate on January 25. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate The rejection, ostensibly attributed in large part to Van Buren's instructions to Louis McLane, the American minister to the United Kingdom, regarding the opening of the West Indies trade, in which reference had been made to the results of the election of 1828, was in fact the work of Calhoun, the vice-president. Louis McLane ( May 28 1786 &ndash October 7 1857) was an American Lawyer and Politician from Wilmington John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18 1782 &ndash March 31 1850 was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during And when the vote was taken, enough of the majority refrained from voting to produce a tie and give Calhoun his longed-for "vengeance. " No greater impetus than this could have been given to Van Buren's candidacy for the vice-presidency.

After a brief tour on through Europe, Van Buren reached New York on July 5, 1832. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian The 1832 Democratic National Convention (the party's first), held in May of that year, had nominated him for vice-president on the Jackson ticket, despite the strong opposition to him which existed in many states. The 1832 Democratic National Convention was held from May 21st to the 23rd in Baltimore Maryland. Van Buren's platform included supporting the expansion of the naval system. His declarations during the campaign were vague regarding the tariff and unfavorable to the United States Bank and to nullification, but he had already somewhat placated the South by denying the right of Congress to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia without the consent of the slave states. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D

Election of 1836

Main article: United States presidential election, 1836

It took Van Buren and his partisan friends a decade and a half to form the Democratic Party; many elements, such as the national convention, were borrowed from other parties. The United States presidential election of 1836 is predominantly remembered for three reasons It was the last election until 1988 to result in the elevation [7] In the election of 1832, the Jackson-Van Buren ticket won by a landslide. The United States presidential election of 1832 saw incumbent President Andrew Jackson, candidate of the Democratic Party, easily win reelection against When the election of 1836 came up, Jackson was determined to make Van Buren, his personal choice, president in order to continue his legacy. Martin Van Buren's only competitors in the 1836 election were the Whigs, who were badly split into several regional candidates. William Henry Harrison hoped to receive the support of the Western voters, Daniel Webster had strength in New England, and Hugh Lawson White had support in the South. Van Buren was unanimously nominated by the 1835 Democratic National Convention at Baltimore. The 1835 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention that was held from May 20th to the 22nd in Baltimore Maryland. He expressed himself plainly on the questions of slavery and the bank at the same time voting, perhaps with a touch of bravado, for a bill offered in 1836 to subject abolition literature in the mails to the laws of the several states. Van Buren's presidential victory represented a broader victory for Jackson and the party. The United States presidential election of 1836 is predominantly remembered for three reasons It was the last election until 1988 to result in the elevation Van Buren entered the White House as a fifty-five year old widower with four sons. When Van Buren was running for president his nickname was Old Kinderhook. So when people would ask others if they were voting for Old Kinderhook they would would say OKay.

Presidency 1837-1841

Policies

Martin Van Buren announced his intention "to follow in the footsteps of his illustrious predecessor," and retained all but one of Jackson's cabinet. Van Buren had few economic tools to deal with the economic crisis of 1837. The Panic of 1837 was a Panic in the United States built on a speculative fever Van Buren advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by doing so maintained support of the south for the Democratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds for the national debt. His party was so split that his 1837 proposal for an "Independent Treasury" system did not pass until 1840. It gave the Treasury control of all federal funds and had a legal tender clause that required (by 1843) all payments to be made in legal tender rather than in state bank notes. But the act was repealed in 1841 and never had much impact. Foreign affairs were complicated when several states defaulted on their state bonds, London complained, and Washington explained it had no responsibility for those bonds. British authors such as Charles Dickens then denounced the American failure to pay royalties, leading to a negative press in Britain regarding the financial honesty of America. The Caroline Affair involved Canadian rebels using New York bases to attack the government in Canada. The Caroline Affair was a series of events beginning in 1837 that strained relations between the United States and Britain. On December 29, 1837, Canadian government forces crossed the frontier into the US and burned the Caroline, which the rebels had been using. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common One American was killed, and an outburst of anti-British sentiment swept through the U. S. Van Buren sent the army to the frontier and closed the rebel bases. Van Buren tried to vigorously enforce the neutrality laws, but American public opinion favored the rebels. Boundary disputes in May brought Canadian and American lumberjacks into conflict. There was no bloodshed in this Aroostook War, but it further inflamed public opinion on both sides. The Aroostook War was an undeclared (and ultimately bloodless confrontation in 1838-39 between the United States and Great Britain over the international boundary between British

In a bold step, Van Buren reversed Andrew Jackson's policies and sought for peace at home, as well as abroad. Instead of settling a financial dispute between American citizens and the Mexican government by force, Van Buren wanted to seek a diplomatic solution. Also, in August of 1837, Van Buren denied Texas' formal request to join the United States. "Van Buren gave a higher priority to sectional harmony than to territorial expansion" ("Martin Van Buren" 103-114). In the Amistad Case Van Buren sided with the Spanish Government to return the kidnapped slaves. Also, he oversaw the "Trail of Tears", which involved the expulsion of the Cherokee tribe in 1838 from Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, and South Carolina to the Oklahoma territory. The Trail of Tears was the forced relocation of Native Americans from their homelands to Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma in the Western United States The Cherokee (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ a-ni-yv-wi-ya, in the Cherokee language) are a people native to North America, who at the time of European contact Van Buren was determined to avoid war.


"Van Buren entered the presidency not only as the heir to Jackson's policies, Jefferson's ideology of limited government, and Smith's principles of political economy, but also an accomplished politician with a statesmanlike vision of the dangers facing the nation. This complex heritage would shape the new president's response to the multiple challenges of 1837. "("Martin Van Buren" 103-114)

In 1839, Joseph Smith, Jr., the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement visited Van Buren to plead for the U. Please see the talk page for this article and the "See also" list before adding content or adding a hyphen to Latter Day Saint S. to help roughly 40,000 Mormon settlers of Independence, Missouri (which would become the birthplace of future President Harry S Truman), who were forced from the state in the Mormon War there. Independence is a city in Jackson County in the US state of Missouri, and the fourth largest city in the state The Governor of Missouri, Lilburn Boggs, had issued an executive order on 27 October 1838, known as the "Extermination Order". Lilburn Williams Boggs ( December 14, 1796 March 14, 1860) was the Governor of Missouri from 1836 to 1840 Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Missouri Executive Order 44, also known as the "extermination order" (alt It authorized troops to use force against Mormons to "exterminate or drive [them] from the state". [8][9] In 1839, after moving to Illinois, Smith and his party appealed to congressman and to President Van Buren to intercede for the Mormons. According to Smith's grand-nephew, Van Buren said to Smith, "Your cause is just, but I can do nothing for you; if I take up for you I shall lose the vote of Missouri. "[10]

Van Buren took the blame for hard times, as Whigs ridiculed him as Martin Van Ruin. Van Buren's rather elegant personal style was also an easy target for Whig attacks, such as the Gold Spoon Oration. The Gold Spoon Oration, also called "The Regal Splendor of the President’s Palace" was a political speech given in the US House of Representatives by Charles Ogle State elections of 1837 and 1838 were disastrous for the Democrats, and the partial economic recovery in 1839 was offset by a second commercial crisis in that year. Nevertheless, Van Buren controlled his party and was unanimously renominated by the Democrats in 1840. The revolt against Democratic rule led to the election of William Henry Harrison, the Whig candidate. The United States presidential election of 1840 saw President Martin Van Buren fight for re-election against an economic depression and a Whig Party This article is about the general and president For his great-great-grandson see William H The Whig Party was a Political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy.

Administration and Cabinet

Portrait of Martin Van Buren
Portrait of Martin Van Buren
The Van Buren Cabinet
OFFICE NAME TERM
President Martin Van Buren 1837 – 1841
Vice President Richard M. Johnson 1837 – 1841
Secretary of State John Forsyth 1837 – 1841
Secretary of Treasury Levi Woodbury 1837 – 1841
Secretary of War Joel R. Poinsett 1837 – 1841
Attorney General Benjamin F. Butler 1837 – 1838
Felix Grundy 1838 – 1840
Henry D. Gilpin 1840 – 1841
Postmaster General Amos Kendall 1837 – 1840
John M. Niles 1840 – 1841
Secretary of the Navy Mahlon Dickerson 1837 – 1838
James K. Paulding 1838 – 1841


Supreme Court appointments

Van Buren appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States:

Later life

Free Soil campaign banner
Free Soil campaign banner

On the expiration of his term, Van Buren retired to his estate, Lindenwald in Kinderhook, where he planned out his return to the White House. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Richard Mentor Johnson (October 17 1780 or 1781 &ndash November 19 1850 was the ninth Vice President of the United States, serving in the administration of Martin The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs John Forsyth Sr ( October 22, 1780 October 21, 1841) was a 19th century American Politician from Georgia The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and until Levi Woodbury ( December 22, 1789 September 4, 1851) was the first justice of the Supreme Court of the United States to have attended The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration Joel Roberts Poinsett ( March 2, 1779 &ndash December 12, 1851) was a Physician, Botanist and American The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement For the 19th century United States politician and general see Benjamin Franklin Butler (politician Benjamin Franklin Butler ( December 17 Felix Grundy ( September 11, 1777 – December 19, 1840) was a U Henry Dilworth Gilpin ( April 14, 1801 &ndash January 29, 1860) was an American lawyer and statesman of Quaker extraction The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. Amos Kendall ( August 16, 1789 – November 12, 1869) was an American politician who served as U For John Niles the composer and singer see John Jacob Niles John Milton Niles ( August 20, 1787 &ndash May 30, The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy. Mahlon Dickerson ( April 17, 1770 October 5, 1853) was an American judge and politician James Kirke Paulding ( August 22, 1778 &ndash April 6, 1860) was a Novelist and the United States Secretary of the Navy The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. John McKinley ( May 1, 1780 &ndash July 19, 1852) was a US senator from the state of Alabama and an associate Peter Daniel redirects here For the footballer see Peter Daniel (footballer. Martin Van Buren National Historic Site is a unit of the United States National Park Service located 20 miles (32 kilometers south of Albany New York, He seemed to have the advantage for the nomination in 1844; his famous letter of April 27, 1844, in which he frankly opposed the immediate annexation of Texas, though doubtless contributing greatly to his defeat, was not made public until he felt practically sure of the nomination. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. In the Democratic convention, though he had a majority of the votes, he did not have the two-thirds which the convention required, and after eight ballots his name was withdrawn. James K. Polk received the nomination instead. James Knox Polk ( November 2 1795&ndashJune 15 1849 was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4 1845 to March 4 1849

In 1848, he was nominated by two minor parties, first by the "Barnburner" faction of the Democrats, then by the Free Soilers, with whom the "Barnburners" coalesced. The Barnburners were the more radical faction of the New York state Democratic Party in the mid 19th century He won no electoral votes, but took enough votes in New York to give the state — and perhaps the election — to Zachary Taylor. Zachary Taylor (November 24 1784 &ndash July 9 1850 was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. In the election of 1860, he voted for the fusion ticket in New York which was opposed to Abraham Lincoln, but he could not approve of President Buchanan's course in dealing with secession and eventually supported Lincoln. Electoral fusion is an arrangement where two or more political parties support a common Candidate, pooling the votes for all those parties Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal James Buchanan Jr (April 23 1791 – June 1 1868 was the fifteenth President of the United States (1857–1861

Martin Van Buren then retired to his home in Kinderhook. After being bedridden with a case of pneumonia during the fall of 1861, Martin Van Buren died of bronchial asthma and heart failure at his Lindenwald estate in Kinderhook at 2:00 a. Asthma is a chronic Condition involving the Respiratory system in which the airways occasionally constrict become inflamed, and are Heart failure is a Cardiac condition that occurs when a problem with the structure or function of the Heart impairs its ability to supply m. on July 24, 1862. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday He is buried in the Kinderhook Cemetery. [11]

Trivia

Van Buren postage stamp
Van Buren postage stamp

See also

References

Secondary sources

Primary sources

Footnotes

  1. ^ pg 5. 355 in vol 3 of ALLMER
  2. ^ The religion of Martin Van Buren, 8th U.S. President
  3. ^ Martin Van Buren
  4. ^ No, America's never been a multicultural society
  5. ^ Martin Van Buren to Thomas Ritchie, January 13, 1827. Thomas Ritchie ( November 5, 1778 - July 3, 1854) of Virginia was a leading American journalist
  6. ^ Kitchen Cabinet Columbia Encyclopedia
  7. ^ Holt (2003) 998
  8. ^ Extermination Order. LDS FAQ. Retrieved on August 22, 2005. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  9. ^ Boggs, Extermination Order
  10. ^ Smith, Joseph Fielding (1946-1949). Joseph Fielding Smith Jr ( July 19, 1876 &ndash July 2, 1972) was the tenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day "Church History and Modern Revelation" 4: 167–173. Deseret.  
  11. ^ Lamb, Brian & the C-SPAN staff (2000). Who's Buried in Grant's Tomb?: A Tour of Presidential Gravesites. Washington, DC: NationaL Cable Satellite Corporation. ISBN 1-881846-07-5.  
  12. ^ ([1])
  13. ^ Paletta, Lu Ann and Worth, Fred L. (1988). "The World Almanac of Presidential Facts".

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External links

Political offices
Preceded by
Abraham Van Vechten		 New York State Attorney General
1815 - 1819		 Succeeded by
Thomas J. Oakley
United States Senate
Preceded by
Nathan Sanford		 Senator from New York (Class 1)
1821 – 1828
Served alongside: Rufus King, Nathan Sanford		 Succeeded by
Charles E. Dudley
Political offices
Preceded by
William Smith		 Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee
1823 – 1828		 Succeeded by
John Macpherson Berrien
Preceded by
Nathaniel Pitcher		 Governor of New York
1829		 Succeeded by
Enos T. Throop
Preceded by
Henry Clay		 United States Secretary of State
March 28, 1829 – May 23, 1831		 Succeeded by
Edward Livingston
Preceded by
John C. Calhoun		 Vice President of the United States
March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837		 Succeeded by
Richard M. Johnson
Preceded by
Andrew Jackson		 President of the United States
March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841		 Succeeded by
William Henry Harrison
Party political offices
Preceded by
John C. Calhoun,
William Smith¹		 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate
1832		 Succeeded by
Richard M. Johnson,
William Smith¹
Preceded by
Andrew Jackson		 Democratic Party presidential candidate
1836, 1840		 Succeeded by
James Polk
New political party Free Soil Party presidential candidate
1848		 Succeeded by
John P. Hale
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
Louis McLane		 United States Minister to Great Britain
1831 – 1832		 Succeeded by
Aaron Vail
as Chargé d'Affaires
Honorary titles
Preceded by
John Quincy Adams		 Oldest U.S. President still living
February 23, 1848 – July 24, 1862		 Succeeded by
James Buchanan
Notes and references
1. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records Abraham Van Vechten ( December 5, 1762 – January 6, 1837) was an American lawyer and a Federalist politician who served twice as The New York State Attorney General is the chief legal officer of the State of New York. Thomas Jackson Oakley ( November 10, 1783 near Poughkeepsie – May 11, 1857 New York City) was a United States Representative The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Nathan Sanford ( November 5, 1777 Bridgehampton, Suffolk County New York - October 17, 1838 Flushing, Queens New York ratified the Constitution on July 26[[ 788]] Class 1 Senators Class 1 U Rufus King ( March 24[[ 755]] - April 29[[ 827]] was an American lawyer politician and diplomat Nathan Sanford ( November 5, 1777 Bridgehampton, Suffolk County New York - October 17, 1838 Flushing, Queens Charles Edward Dudley (May 23 1780 &ndash January 23 1841 American politician was born in England during the American Revolution, the son of Loyalist William Smith ( September 6, 1762 &ndash June 26, 1840) was chosen as a Democratic-Republican to the U The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary (informally Senate Judiciary Committee) is a Standing committee of the United States Senate, the John MacPherson Berrien ( August 23, 1781 &ndash January 1, 1856) of Georgia was a United States Senator and Andrew Nathaniel Pitcher ( November 30, 1777 Litchfield Connecticut - May 25, 1836 Sandy Hill New York, now Hudson Falls The Governor of New York is the head of the Executive branch of New York 's government and the Commander-in-chief of the state's military Enos Thompson Throop, (the name is pronounced like "troop" ( August 21, 1784 Johnstown, then Montgomery County, now Fulton County Henry Clay Sr ( April 12, 1777 &ndash June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and Orator who The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Edward Livingston (26 May 1764&ndash23 May 1836 was a prominent American jurist and statesman John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18 1782 &ndash March 31 1850 was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Richard Mentor Johnson (October 17 1780 or 1781 &ndash November 19 1850 was the ninth Vice President of the United States, serving in the administration of Martin Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by This article is about the general and president For his great-great-grandson see William H John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18 1782 &ndash March 31 1850 was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during William Smith ( September 6, 1762 &ndash June 26, 1840) was chosen as a Democratic-Republican to the U This is a list of the candidates for the offices of President of the United States and Vice President of the United States of the modern Democratic Party of the United The United States presidential election of 1832 saw incumbent President Andrew Jackson, candidate of the Democratic Party, easily win reelection against Richard Mentor Johnson (October 17 1780 or 1781 &ndash November 19 1850 was the ninth Vice President of the United States, serving in the administration of Martin William Smith ( September 6, 1762 &ndash June 26, 1840) was chosen as a Democratic-Republican to the U Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 This is a list of the candidates for the offices of President of the United States and Vice President of the United States of the modern Democratic Party of the United The United States presidential election of 1836 is predominantly remembered for three reasons It was the last election until 1988 to result in the elevation The United States presidential election of 1840 saw President Martin Van Buren fight for re-election against an economic depression and a Whig Party James Knox Polk ( November 2 1795&ndashJune 15 1849 was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4 1845 to March 4 1849 The United States presidential election of 1848 was an open race John Parker Hale ( March 31, 1806 &ndash November 19, 1873) was an American politician and lawyer from New Hampshire Louis McLane ( May 28 1786 &ndash October 7 1857) was an American Lawyer and Politician from Wilmington The office of United States Ambassador (or Minister to the United Kingdom (known formally as Ambassador to the Court of St In diplomacy chargé d’affaires ( French for “charged with (in charge of matters” is the title of two classes of diplomatic agents who head a diplomatic John Quincy Adams (July 11 1767 &ndash February 23 1848 was an American diplomat and politician who served as the sixth President of the United States List of United States Presidents by ageThis is a chronology of who was the oldest living President of the United States, former or current at any given time James Buchanan Jr (April 23 1791 – June 1 1868 was the fifteenth President of the United States (1857–1861 The Democratic Party vice-presidential nominee was split these years between two candidates. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party.


Persondata
NAME Van Buren, Martin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION American politician
DATE OF BIRTH December 5, 1782
PLACE OF BIRTH Kinderhook (village), New York
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1862
PLACE OF DEATH Kinderhook (village), New York
Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Kinderhook (Kinderhoek in Dutch) is a Village located in the Town of Kinderhook in Columbia County, New York, United States Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Kinderhook (Kinderhoek in Dutch) is a Village located in the Town of Kinderhook in Columbia County, New York, United States
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