Martin Schongauer (c. 1448 – February 2, 1491) was a German engraver and painter. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e He was the most important German printmaker before Albrecht Dürer. Printmaking is the Process of making artworks by Printing, normally on Paper. Albrecht Dürer (ˈalbʀɛçt ˈdyʀɐ ( May 21, 1471 &ndash April 6, 1528) was a German painter, Printmaker
His prints were circulated widely and Schongauer was known in Italy by the names, Bel Martino and Martino d'Anversa.
Biography
His father was a goldsmith named Casper, a native of Augsburg, who had settled at Colmar, where the chief part of Martin's life was spent. A goldsmith is a Metalworker who specializes in working with Gold and other Precious metals usually in modern times to make Jewelry. Augsburg is an independent City in the south-west of Bavaria. Colmar (Colmar kɔlmaʁ Alsatian: Colmer pronounced; Colmar between 1871-1918 and 1940-1945 also Kolmar) is a town and commune He may well have been trained by Master E. S.; A. Master E S (c 1420 &ndash c 1468 (previously known as the Master of 1466) is an unidentified German Engraver, Goldsmith, and Hyatt Mayor saw both their styles in different parts of one engraving, and all the works with Schongauer's M†S monogram show a fully developed style. Schongauer established at Colmar a very important school of engraving, out of which grew the "little masters" of the succeeding generation, and a large group of Nuremberg artists.
As a painter, Schongauer was a follower of the Flemish Rogier van der Weyden, and his rare existing pictures closely resemble, both in splendour of color and exquisite minuteness of execution, the best works of contemporary art in Flanders. The terms Fleming and Flemings ( Vlaming and Vlamingen in Dutch) denote respectively a person and people and the Flemings or Rogier van der Weyden, also known as Rogier de le Pasture (1399/1400 &ndash June 18, 1464) is with Jan van Eyck, considered one of the Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands.
Among the very few paintings which can with certainty be attributed to him, the chief is a magnificent altar-piece in the church of Saint Martin at Colmar. The Musée d´Unterlinden in Colmar possesses eleven panels by him, and a small panel of David with Goliath's Head in the Munich Gallery is attributed to him. The Unterlinden Museum (officially Musée d'Unterlinden, also cited in English as Musée Unterlinden) is located in Colmar, France, in the The miniature painting of the Death of the Virgin in the National Gallery, London is probably the work of some pupil. In 1488 Schongauer died at Colmar, according to the register of Saint Martin Church. Other authorities state that his death occurred in 1491.
The main work of Schongauer's life was the production of a large number of beautiful engravings, which were largely sold, not only in Germany, but also in Italy and even in England and Spain. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Vasari says that Michelangelo copied one of his engravings, the Trial of Saint Anthony. Giorgio Vasari ( 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian painter and Architect, who is today famous Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all Saint Anthony the Great (c 251–356 also known as Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, His style shows no trace of Italian influence, but a very clear and organised Gothic. This article is about Gothic art See also Gothic architecture Gothic art was a Medieval art movement that lasted about 200
His subjects are mainly religious, but include comic scenes of ordinary life such as the Peasant family going to market or the Two apprentices fighting[1]. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos one hundred and sixteen engravings are generally recognised as by his hand, and since several are only known from a single impression, there were probably others that are now lost. Many of his pupils' plates as well as his own are signed, M†S, as are many copies probably by artists with no connection to him.
Among the most renowned of Schongauer's engravings are the series of the Passion and the Death and Coronation of the Virgin, and the series of the Wise and Foolish Virgins. All are remarkable for their miniature-like treatment, their brilliant touch, and their chromatic force. Chromaticity is an objective specification of the Quality of a Color regardless of its luminance that is as determined by its Colorfulness (or saturation Some, such as the Death of the Virgin and the Adoration of the Magi are richly-filled compositions of many figures, treated with much largeness of style in spite of their minute scale.
He established the system of depicting volume by means of cross-hatching (lines in two directions) which was further developed by Dürer, and was the first engraver to curve parallel lines, probably by rotating the plate against a steady burin. Hatching ( hachure in French) and cross-hatching are artistic techniques used to create tonal or shading effects by drawing (or painting or scribing closely Albrecht Dürer (ˈalbʀɛçt ˈdyʀɐ ( May 21, 1471 &ndash April 6, 1528) was a German painter, Printmaker Burin from the French burin meaning "cold Chisel " has two specialised meanings for types of tools in English one meaning a Steel He also developed a burin technique producing deeper lines on the plate, which meant that more impressions could be taken before the plate became worn. Burin from the French burin meaning "cold Chisel " has two specialised meanings for types of tools in English one meaning a Steel
The British Museum and other major print rooms possess fine collections of Schongauer's prints. The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London. A print room is either a room or industrial building where Printing takes place or a room in an Art gallery, Museum or Archive, where a collection
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- A. Hyatt Mayor, Prints and People, Metropolitan Museum of Art/Princeton, 1971, nos 455-460. ISBN 0-691-00326-2
- Alan Shestack; Fifteenth Century Engravings of Northern Europe; 1967, National Gallery of Art (Catalogue), LOC 67-29080
- Maria del Carmen Lacarra Ducay. “Influencia de Martin Schongauer en los primitivos aragoneses,” Boletin del Museo e Instituto ‘Camon Aznar’, vol. xvii (1984), pp. 15-39.
External links
- [2] -Links to online museum images of most of Schongauer's engravings (NOT Public Domain images) See section B.
"Martin Schongauer". Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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