| Martin Lee 李柱銘 |
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 Martin Lee campaigning during the 2004 Legislative Council elections |
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Former Chairman of the Hong Kong Democratic Party
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| In office 1994 – 2002 |
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| Preceded by | None |
| Succeeded by | Yeung Sum |
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| Born | June 8, 1938 Hong Kong |
| Nationality | China |
| Political party | Democratic Party |
| Religion | Roman Catholic[1] |
Martin Lee QC SC JP (Chinese: 李柱銘; Pinyin: Lǐ Zhùmíng; born June 8, 1938) was the founding chairman (1994-2002) of the Democratic Party (DP), a pro-democracy political party in Hong Kong. The Democratic Party ( Jyutping: man4 zyu2 dong2 is a pro- Democracy and liberal Political party in the Hong Kong. Dr Yeung Sum, JP ( Chinese 楊 森 Pinyin: Yáng Sēn (born November 22, 1947 in Guangzhou, Guangdong with Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Democratic Party ( Jyutping: man4 zyu2 dong2 is a pro- Democracy and liberal Political party in the Hong Kong. Queen's Counsel ( postnominal QC) &ndash known as King's Counsel ( KC) during the reign of a male sovereign &ndash are The title of Senior Counsel ( Postnominal SC; 資深大律師 in Hong Kong; 高级律师 in Singapore or State Counsel is given to A Justice of the Peace ( JP) is a Puisne Judicial officer appointed by means of a commission to keep the peace Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Democratic Party ( Jyutping: man4 zyu2 dong2 is a pro- Democracy and liberal Political party in the Hong Kong. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders A member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo), elected by direct election from the Geographical Constituency of Hong Kong Island. The Legislative Council ( LegCo) is the Unicameral Legislature of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Island ( is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong, China. Professionally he is a barrister-at-law, and as of 2003 the first on the order of precedence of Senior Counsels in Hong Kong. A barrister is a Lawyer found in many Common law Jurisdictions that employ a split profession (as opposed to a Fused profession) in relation Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. An order of precedence is a sequential hierarchy of nominal importance of items The title of Senior Counsel ( Postnominal SC; 資深大律師 in Hong Kong; 高级律师 in Singapore or State Counsel is given to [2]
Lee has been the major face of the Hong Kong democracy movement on the international stage, especially in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the He is a controversial figure in Hong Kong. [3]
On 27 March 2008, Lee announced that he will step down his seat in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong after his term ends in 2008. [4]
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Biography
Lee was born in Hong Kong and son of a former Kuomintang major general. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders [5] He was the first Chinese person to practice as a pharmacist in France. Pharmacists are Health professionals who practice the art and science of Pharmacy. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. After he graduated from Wah Yan College, Kowloon, Lee obtained his undergraduate BA degree in English and Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong. Aims and characteristics According to the school website the school is aimed to give students opportunity to know Christ to build a school community in which everybody may respect English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language After graduation, he worked as a teacher for 3 years. Thereafter, Lee studied law at Lincoln's Inn in London. The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which Barristers of England and Wales belong and where London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
Career
Early career
Lee was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1979, and was the chairman of the Hong Kong Bar Association from 1980 to 1983. Queen's Counsel ( postnominal QC) &ndash known as King's Counsel ( KC) during the reign of a male sovereign &ndash are The Hong Kong Bar Association (HKBA ( is the professional regulatory body for Barristers in Hong Kong, and was founded in 1949. [6] He has been a LegCo member from 1985 to 1997. [6]
Leaving Basic Law draft committee
From 1985 to 1989 Lee was a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee until he was forced to leave the committee immediately after the infamous Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, or simply Hong Kong Basic Law, serves as the Constitutional document The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (referred to in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident, to avoid confusion with two [7] He realised that the long-term trends in the PRC were not in favour of moving towards democracy and human rights. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Since the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, the human rights issue of China has come to the forefront Indeed, the zeal behind Lee's activism is to renew the momentum behind the Chinese democracy movement which has stalled since 1989. The Chinese democracy movement ( abbreviated as Mínyùn "民运" is a loosely organized political movement in Mainland China against continued Most notable is Lee's call for the overthrow of mainland China's leadership. [7]
Democracy icon
He chaired the Hong Kong Consumer Council from 1988 to 1991. Lee also chaired the United Democrats of Hong Kong (UDHK) since its establishment in 1991, and retained his chairmanship when the group was transformed into the Democratic Party in 1994. The United Democrats of Hong Kong ( Chinese 香港民主同盟 港同盟 was a Pro-democracy political party in Hong Kong. The Democratic Party ( Jyutping: man4 zyu2 dong2 is a pro- Democracy and liberal Political party in the Hong Kong. He was succeeded in the position by Yeung Sum in 2001. Dr Yeung Sum, JP ( Chinese 楊 森 Pinyin: Yáng Sēn (born November 22, 1947 in Guangzhou, Guangdong with In the run up to the 1997 transfer of Hong Kong to mainland China, Lee was an outspoken critic of China's policy towards Hong Kong and a supporter of the political reform of the last Governor Chris Patten,[7] who said later that "Hong Kong was lucky to have him. The transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, often referred to as the Handover The Governor of Hong Kong ( abbreviated 港督 was the head of the Hong Kong Government, ex-officio Commander-in-Chief and Vice-Admiral Christopher Francis Patten Baron Patten of Barnes, CH, PC (born 12 May 1944 in Cleveleys, Lancashire) is a prominent British Conservative "[8]
Internationally he became an icon for fighting the Chinese government for more democracy in Hong Kong, and was recognized and awarded by a number of international organizations, including the "1995 International Human Rights Award" by the American Bar Association, the Prize For Freedom by the Liberal International in 1996, the "Democracy Award" of the U.S. National Endowment for Democracy in 1997, and the "Schuman Medal" in 2000 which Lee was the first non-European to receive from the European Peoples Party and European Democrats. The American Bar Association ( ABA) founded August 21 1878 is a voluntary Bar association of Lawyers and law students which is not specific The Prize For Freedom is an an annual prize presented by the Liberal International since 1985. Liberal International is a Political international for liberal parties. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The National Endowment for Democracy, or NED, is a US Non-profit organization that was founded in 1983 to promote Democracy by providing cash The European People's Party (EPP is a Christian democratic and Liberal conservative European political party. The European Democrats is a loose association of Conservative parties in Europe [6]
Defending HK special international status
Lee supported the overseas governments legitimate concern over the situation in Hong Kong. The United States-Hong Kong Policy Act or more commonly known as the Hong Kong Policy Act ( P He cited the 1992 US-HK policy act, which allowed the US Government to give Hong Kong special economic treatments that differ from mainland China. The United States-Hong Kong Policy Act or more commonly known as the Hong Kong Policy Act ( P The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction Under the act the US is committed to support democratic institutions in Hong Kong, and could terminate Hong Kong's special economic treatment if the US President considers Hong Kong is not autonomous enough to justify such treatments. [9] Tung Chee-hwa countered the generally negative image of Hong Kong under Communist Party rule, and said Lee was "bad mouthing" the Special administrative Region in front of the international audience. Tung Chee Hwa, GBM (born 7 July 1937 Chinese calendar --> in Shanghai, China) was the first elected The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the A Special Administrative Region ( SAR) is a high autonomous administrative division of the People's Republic of China. [10]
Improving PRC human rights via Olympic
In October 2007, Lee published an article named "China's Olympic Opportunity" in The Wall Street Journal criticizing People's Republic of China for not living up to its promise to improve its human rights status during the Chinese Olympic bid. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Five cities made the shortlist with their bids to host the 2008 Summer Olympics (officially known as Games of the XXIX Olympiad) and 2008 Summer Paralympics However Lee urged the West, particularly United States, not to boycott the 2008 Olympic games, and instead take the opportunity when China is opening itself up to the world, to directly engage China in efforts to bring China closer to the international community in terms of its human rights. [11] His article was somehow being twisted and words like "direct engagement" was translated to Chinese equivalent of "intervene", and some media even claimed that Lee asked United States to boycott the games. This immediately stirred backlashes from Beijing loyalists, who virtually accused Lee of being a hanjian. In Chinese culture, a Hanjian ( is a highly derogatory and Pejorative term for a Traitor, especially to the Han Chinese ethnicity [12] On October 27, the Democratic Party issued an announcement to newspapers setting out the party's position regarding the article Lee published. Chairman Albert Ho reiterated, "It is not an apology, but a clear declaration of what we stand for. Albert Ho Chun-yan ( born 1 December 1951 in Hong Kong with family roots in Zhongshan, Guangdong) "[13]
Criticism
As early as 1992 PRC warned Chris Patten, the new Hong Kong governor at the time that Lee must not be appointed to the cabinet. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Christopher Francis Patten Baron Patten of Barnes, CH, PC (born 12 May 1944 in Cleveleys, Lancashire) is a prominent British Conservative The Governor of Hong Kong ( abbreviated 港督 was the head of the Hong Kong Government, ex-officio Commander-in-Chief and Vice-Admiral [7] The pro-Beijing camp have since called Lee a "traitor" in 2004 upon his return from Washington D.C. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D His patriotism was questioned along with his Chinese identity. Patriotism is commonly defined as love of and/or devotion to one's country [3] Lee's father is connected to the Kuomintang[5], which can further complicate things. Some have complained the democratic movement have gone too far and his uncompromising stance for universal suffrage at the earliest possible date is destructive to the local business climate and political stability. Universal suffrage (also universal adult suffrage, general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to [3]
Other info
Martin Lee visited the Holy See with Joseph Cardinal Zen in March 2006. Joseph Cardinal Zen Ze-kiun, SDB ( born January 13, 1932) is a Chinese Prelate of the Catholic Church, currently Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
In 2007, Lee took up the conservationists' application for judicial review of the Government's decision to demolish Queen's Pier. Conservation can be confused with Conversation and vice versa Judicial review is the power of the courts to annul the acts of the executive and/or the legislative power where it finds them incompatible with a higher norm Queen's Pier, named after Queen Victoria, was a public ceremonial pier in front of City Hall in Edinburgh Place, Central, Hong Kong
See also
References
- ^ Abrams, Elliott. Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by People's Republic of China, its own legislature the Chief Executive Anson Maria Elizabeth Chan Fang On Sang GBM GCMG (hon CBE JP ( (born 17 January 1940 was a member of the Legislative The Influence of Faith: Religious Groups and U. S. Foreign Policy. [2001] (2001). Rowman & Littlefield. United States. ISBN 0742507637.
- ^ barlist.hkba.org
- ^ a b c Jensen, Lionel M. Weston, Timothy B. [2006] (2006). China's Transformations: The Stories Beyond the Headlines. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 074253863X
- ^ Hong Kong's Martin Lee to step down from territory's legislature
- ^ a b Rafferty, Kevin. City on the Rocks: Hong Kong's Uncertain Future. [1989] (1989). Viking publishing. ISBN 0670802050.
- ^ a b c Martinlee official website
- ^ a b c d Overholt, William H. The Rise of China: How Economic Reform is Creating a New Superpower. [1994] (1994). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393312453.
- ^ Chris Patten (1998). East and West: The Last Governor of Hong Kong on Power Freedom and the Future. Pan Macmillan, 150. ISBN 978-0-330-37308-1.
- ^ Hong Kong's reversion to China: effective monitoring critical to assess U. S. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 1428978372
- ^ Chan, Ming K. The Challenge of Hong Kong's Reintegration With China. [1997] (1997). Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 9622094414.
- ^ China's Olympic Opportunity, The Wall Street Journal, October 17, 2007. Retrieved on October 26, 2007.
- ^ Lee fires bullet at Beijing, asks Bush to meddle, The Standard. Retrieved on October 26, 2007. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Democrat bid to curb Lee fallout, The Standard. Retrieved on October 26, 2007. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
External links
- Home page of Martin Lee
- 1992 U.S.–Hong Kong Policy Act
- Expert addresses Hong Kong political system The Daily Cardinal
- Biography on liberal-international.org
| Professional and academic associations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Henry Litton |
Chairman of the Hong Kong Bar Association 1980-1983 |
Succeeded by Henry Litton |
| Party political offices | ||
| New political party | Chairman of United Democrats of Hong Kong 1990-1994 |
Party became the Hong Kong Democratic Party |
| Preceded by Himself as Chairman of United Democrats of Hong Kong |
Chairman of Hong Kong Democratic Party 1994-2002 |
Succeeded by Yeung Sum |
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