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Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ
Republic of the Marshall Islands
Flag of Marshall Islands Coat of arms of Marshall Islands
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Jepilpilin ke ejukaan" ("Accomplishment through Joint Effort")
Anthem: Forever Marshall Islands
Location of Marshall Islands
Capital
(and largest city)		 Majuro
7°7′N, 171°4′E
Official languages Marshallese, English
Demonym Marshallese
Government Democratic Presidential Republic in Free Association with the USA
 -  President Litokwa Tomeing
Independence
 -  from the United States October 21, 1986 
Area
 -  Total 181 km² (213th)
69. The Flag of the Marshall Islands, an Island nation in the Pacific, was adopted upon the start of self-governance May 1, 1979 The coat of arms of the Marshall Islands consists of a blue background which represents the sea A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's Forever Marshall Islands is the national Anthem of the Marshall Islands. The people of the Marshall Islands are of Micronesian origin which is traced to a combination of peoples who emigrated from Southeast Asia in the remote past Majuro (ˈmædʒəroʊ population 25400 people ( As of 2004) is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory The Marshallese language (Marshallese Kajin M̧ajeļ or Kajin Majõl   is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Marshall Islands. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of the people's representatives A presidential system is a System of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term separately from the Legislature A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its The Compact of Free Association ( COFA) defines the relationship that three sovereign states—the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM the Republic of the Marshall The United States of America —commonly referred to as the List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands See also High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Litokwa Tomeing (born October 14, 1939 at Wotje Atoll) has been the President of the Marshall Islands since January 2008 Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare sizes of different geographic regions we list here Areas between 10 km² (1000 Hectares and 100 km² (10000 hectares This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. 8 sq mi 
 -  Water (%) negligible
Population
 -  July 2005 estimate 61,963 (205th)
 -  2003 census 56,429 
 -  Density 326/km² (28th)
846/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2001 estimate
 -  Total $115 million (220th)
 -  Per capita $2,900 (2005 est. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' ) (195th)
HDI (n/a) n/a (unranked) (n/a)
Currency United States dollar (USD)
Time zone (UTC+12)
Internet TLD .mh
Calling code +692

The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), is a Micronesian island nation in the western Pacific Ocean, located north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia and south of the U. This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E Micronesia, from the Greek mikros (μικρός (meaning small) and nesos (νῆσος (meaning island) is a Subregion An island country is a Country that is wholly confined to an Island, several islands an Island group or several island groups and has no territory on The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Nauru, officially the Republic of Nauru, is an Island nation in the Micronesian South Pacific. Kiribati or ( kirr-i-bas or KEE-ree-buhss ˈkiɾibas in Gilbertese) officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an Island nation located in The Federated States of Micronesia is an Island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, north of Papua New Guinea. S. territory of Wake Island, to which it lays claim. Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is a Coral atoll having a Coastline of 12 miles (19 kilometers in the North Pacific Ocean

Contents

History

Main article: History of the Marshall Islands

Although the Marshall Islands were settled by Micronesians in the 2nd millennium BC, little is known of their early history. Little is clearly understood about the early history of the Marshall Islands Micronesia, from the Greek mikros (μικρός (meaning small) and nesos (νῆσος (meaning island) is a Subregion The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, but they remained virtually unvisited by Europeans until the arrival of British Captain John Marshall in 1788; the islands are now named after him. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Alonso de Salazar was the first European ( Spanish) explorer to "discover" the Marshall Islands on August 21, 1526. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located John Marshall was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England on February 15, 1748. Year 1788 ( MDCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap

Map of the Marshall Islands
Map of the Marshall Islands

A German trading company settled on the islands in 1885, and they became part of the protectorate of German New Guinea some years later. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect German New Guinea ( Ger Deutsch-Neuguinea) was a former German Protectorate from 1884 to 1914 consisting of the northeastern part of Japan conquered the islands in World War I, and administered them as a League of Nations mandate. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A League of Nations mandate refers to a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I.

In World War II, the United States invaded and occupied the islands (1944) destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons, and they were added to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (including several more island groups in the South Sea). World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In the Pacific Theater of World War II, the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaigns, from November 1943 through February 1944 were the first offensive Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI was a United Nations trust territory in Micronesia (western Pacific) administered by the United From 1946 to 1958 the US tested 66 nuclear weapons in the Marshall Islands,[1] including the largest nuclear test the US ever conducted, Castle Bravo. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness yield and explosive capability of Nuclear weapons Throughout the twentieth century most nations Castle Bravo was the Code name given to the first US test of a so-called dry fuel thermonuclear Hydrogen bomb device detonated on March 1, Nuclear claims between the US and the Marshall Islands are ongoing, and health effects from these tests linger. (See Rongelap. Rongelap Atoll is an island- Atoll located in Micronesia. It is a municipality of the Marshall Islands. )

In 1979, the Government of the Marshall Islands was officially established and the country became self-governing. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) In 1986 the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) The Compact of Free Association ( COFA) defines the relationship that three sovereign states—the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM the Republic of the Marshall The Compact provided for aid and US defense of the islands in exchange for continued US military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. Kwajalein Atoll ( Marshallese: Kuwajleen; kʷuwːɔ͡ɛt̪ʲl̪ʲɪn̪ʲ common English pronunciation ˈkwɑːʤəlɨ̞n often nicknamed Kwaj The independence was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar)

On March 21, 2007, the government of the Marshall Islands declared a state of emergency due to a prolonged drought. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply

Government

Main article: Politics of the Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands Capitol building
Marshall Islands Capitol building

The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system. Politics of the Marshall Islands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic Republic, and of an emerging Multi-party Elections are held every four years in universal suffrage (for all citizens above 18 years of age) with each of the twenty-four constituencies (see below) electing one or more representatives (senators) to the lower house of RMI’s bicameral legislature, the Nitijela. Universal suffrage (also universal adult suffrage, general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral (Majuro, the capital atoll, elects five senators. Majuro (ˈmædʒəroʊ population 25400 people ( As of 2004) is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. ) The President, who is head of state as well as head of government, is elected by the 33 senators of the Nitijela.

Legislative power lies with the Nitijela. The upper house of Parliament, called the Council of Iroij, is an advisory body comprising twelve tribal chiefs.

The executive branch consists of the President and the Presidential Cabinet (ten ministers appointed by the President with the approval of the Nitijela. )

The twenty-four electoral districts into which the country is divided correspond to the inhabited islands and atolls: There are currently three political parties in the Marshall Islands: AKA, UPP & UDP. An atoll (pronounced /ˈætʌl/ is an island of Coral that encircles a Lagoon partially or completely The ruling party is combined of both the AKA and UPP.

Mushroom cloud from the largest nuclear test the United States ever conducted, Castle Bravo.
Mushroom cloud from the largest nuclear test the United States ever conducted, Castle Bravo. Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness yield and explosive capability of Nuclear weapons Throughout the twentieth century most nations Castle Bravo was the Code name given to the first US test of a so-called dry fuel thermonuclear Hydrogen bomb device detonated on March 1,

Geography

Average monthly temperatures (red) and precipitation (blue) on Majuro.
Average monthly temperatures (red) and precipitation (blue) on Majuro. Majuro (ˈmædʒəroʊ population 25400 people ( As of 2004) is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Main article: Geography of the Marshall Islands

The country consists of 29 atolls and 5 isolated islands. An atoll (pronounced /ˈætʌl/ is an island of Coral that encircles a Lagoon partially or completely The most important atolls and islands form two groups: the Ratak Chain and the Ralik Chain (meaning "sunrise" and "sunset" chains). The Ratak Chain is a chain of islands within the island nation of the Marshall Islands. The Ralik Chain is a chain of islands within the island nation of the Marshall Islands. Two-thirds of the nation's population lives on Majuro (the capital) and Ebeye. Majuro (ˈmædʒəroʊ population 25400 people ( As of 2004) is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Ebeye is the most populous island of Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands, as well as the center for Marshallese culture in the Ralik Chain The outer islands are sparsely populated due to lack of employment opportunities and economic development. Life on the outer atolls is generally still fairly traditional, and the nutrition of the rural population, consuming food that is either grown or caught, is superior to that of most of the urban residents, who rely considerably on white rice. A majority of the islands' land mass is at sea level.

The uninhabited atolls are:

The climate is hot and humid, with a wet season from May to November. Ailinginae Atoll is an atoll of 25 islands in the Pacific Ocean. Bikar Atoll is made up of 7 islands with a land area of 05 km² (0 Bikini Atoll (also known as Pikinni Atoll) is an Atoll in one of the Micronesian Islands in the Pacific Ocean, part of Republic of the Marshall Bokak Atoll (also known as Taongi Atoll) is an uninhabited Atoll in the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands, located in the North Pacific The Erikub Atoll is an Atoll located in the central area of the Ratak Chain in the Marshall Islands. Jemo is an uninhabited Island of the Marshall Islands north-east of Likiep Atoll. Nadikdik Atoll also known as Knox Atoll is the southernmost Atoll in the Ratak Chain in the Marshall Islands. Langhans1897 map Rongerikjpg|thumb|300px|Map of Rongerik Atoll taken from the 1893 map 'Schutzgebiet der Marshall Inseln' published in 1897 Toke Atoll is a very small uninhabited atoll in the region of the Marshall Islands. Ujelang Atoll is an atoll of 30 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The islands occasionally suffer from typhoons. Many Pacific typhoons start in the Marshall Islands region and grow stronger as they move west toward the Mariana Islands and the Philippines. The Mariana Islands (also the Marianas; up to the early 20th century sometimes called Ladrones Islands, from Spanish Islas de los Ladrones meaning The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP

The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island, administered by the United States, under the name Enen-kio. Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is a Coral atoll having a Coastline of 12 miles (19 kilometers in the North Pacific Ocean The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Economy

Main article: Economy of the Marshall Islands

United States government assistance is the mainstay of the economy. The government of the Marshall Islands is the largest employer employing 30 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms, and the most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit. The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family The tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum, syn Lycopersicon lycopersicum) is a herbaceous usually sprawling plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family Melon is a term used for various members of the Cucurbitaceae family with fleshy fruit Breadfruit ( Artocarpus altilis) is a Tree and Fruit native to the Malay Peninsula and western Pacific islands Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, fish processing, and copra. Copra is the dried meat or kernel of the Coconut. The name copra is derived from the Malayalam word kopra for dried coconut The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports.

In 1999, a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees, mostly women. Tuna, are several Species of ocean-dwelling Fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. But the plant closed in 2005, after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks, a process that requires half as many employees. Operating costs exceeded revenue, and the plant's owners tried to partner with the government to prevent closure. But government officials personally interested in an economic stake in the plant refused to help. After the plant closed, it was taken over by the government, which had been the guarantor of a $2 million loan to the business. The government effectively shut down the only viable industry to ever exist in the Marshall Islands.

In 2005 Aloha Airlines canceled its flight services to the Marshall Islands as part of its withdrawal from several markets in the region. Aloha Airlines was an American airline headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, operating from a hub at Honolulu International Though other international airlines still serve Majuro, the Aloha decision was a setback in the country's hopes of increased revenues from tourism.

Under the terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the US will provide millions of dollars per year to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2023, at which time a trust fund made up of US and RMI contributions will begin perpetual annual payouts. The Compact of Free Association ( COFA) defines the relationship that three sovereign states—the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM the Republic of the Marshall Over the past decade, GDP growth averaged only 1% due to government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to Asian financial difficulties, and less income from the renewal of fishing vessel licenses.

The 2007 edition of "Doing Business," prepared by the World Bank's private sector development department, declared the Marshall Islands to be the world's "Best Performer" for its ease and low expense in hiring and firing employees. The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e But the study gave the Marshall Islands extremely low ratings for its protection of investors and contract enforcement.

In 2007 the Marshall Islands joined the International Labor Organization, which means its labor laws will comply with international benchmarks, which will impact business conditions in the islands. The International Labour Organization [2]

The United States Army maintains its Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll. The Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site, commonly referred to as the Reagan Test Site, is a Missile test range in the Pacific Ocean. Kwajalein Atoll ( Marshallese: Kuwajleen; kʷuwːɔ͡ɛt̪ʲl̪ʲɪn̪ʲ common English pronunciation ˈkwɑːʤəlɨ̞n often nicknamed Kwaj It is important for the local economy, as the Marshallese land owners receive rent for the base, and a large number of Marshallese work there. Majuro Atoll also benefited from foreign assistance. The main airport was built by the Japanese during World War II, and the only tarmac road of the capital was built partly by the Taiwanese and partly by the Americans. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.

Taxes are low, the income tax has 2 brackets with small rates (8% and 14%), corporate tax is 11. Corporate tax refers to a Tax levied by various jurisdictions on the Profits made by companies or associations. 5% and general sales tax is 6%. A sales tax is a Consumption tax charged at the Point of purchase for certain goods and services There are no property taxes. Property tax, or millage tax, is an Ad valorem tax that an owner pays on the value of the property being taxed

Coconut oil

On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry, of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro said power authorities, private companies and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators and ships. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Majuro (ˈmædʒəroʊ population 25400 people ( As of 2004) is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Coconut oil, also known as coconut butter, is a tropical oil with many applications Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum Vehicles, derived from the Latin word vehiculum, are non-living Means of transport. Electricity generation is the process of converting non-electrical Energy to Electricity. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands. A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant Copra, from 6 to 10 coconuts makes 1 litre oil. Copra is the dried meat or kernel of the Coconut. The name copra is derived from the Malayalam word kopra for dried coconut The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is [3]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of the Marshall Islands

The Marshallese are of Micronesian origin and migrated from Asia several thousand years ago. The people of the Marshall Islands are of Micronesian origin which is traced to a combination of peoples who emigrated from Southeast Asia in the remote past Micronesia, from the Greek mikros (μικρός (meaning small) and nesos (νῆσος (meaning island) is a Subregion Although English is an official language and is spoken widely, though not fluently, Marshallese is used by the government. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Marshallese language (Marshallese Kajin M̧ajeļ or Kajin Majõl   is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Marshall Islands. Japanese is also occasionally spoken in some areas. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities

Virtually all Marshallese are Christian, most of them Protestant. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation.

The Marshall Islands has the highest rate of leprosy in the world. Leprosy (from the Greek lepi (λέπι meaning scales on a fish or Hansen's disease, is a chronic disease caused by the bacterium [4]

Culture

Main article: Culture of the Marshall Islands

Although now in decline, the Marshallese were once able navigators, using the stars and stick and shell charts. Cultural values and customs or manit make Marshallese society unique Navigation is the process of reading and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is a Position fixing technique that was devised to help sailors cross the featureless oceans without having to They are also experienced in canoe building and still hold annual competitions involving the unique oceanic sailing canoe, the proa. A canoe is a small narrow Boat, typically human-powered though it may also be powered by sails or small electric or gas motors A canoe is a small narrow Boat, typically human-powered though it may also be powered by sails or small electric or gas motors A proa or prau is a type of Multihull sailing vessel. While the word proa just means boat in its native language

See also

References

  1. ^ "Nuclear Weapons Test Map", Public Broadcasting Service
  2. ^ Republic of the Marshall Islands becomes 181st ILO member State [Press releases]
  3. ^ Afp.google.com, Pacific Islands look to coconut power to fuel future growth
  4. ^ Marshall Islands - Economic Policy, Planning and Statistics Office - Home page

External links

Government

News

Overviews

Dictionary

Marshall Islands

-proper noun

  1. A country in Oceania. Official name: Republic of the Marshall Islands.
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