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This article is about a title. For other meanings, see Marshal (disambiguation).

Marshal (also sometimes spelled marshall in American English, but not in British English) is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. Phonology North American English regional phonology In many ways compared to English English, North American English is conservative in its Phonology. British English or UK English ( BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the The word derives from Old High German marah "horse" and schalh "servant",[1] and originally meant "stable keeper". As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for the most elevated offices. The American English spelling of the name ("Marshall") is often confused with the spelling of the title ("Marshal"). It is approximate to the position of Constable, of similar etymology. A constable is a person holding a particular office most commonly in law enforcement.

Contents

Military

Common military ranks
Navies1 Armies2 Air Forces3
Admiral of
the Fleet		 Field Marshal Marshal of
the Air Force
Admiral General Air Chief Marshal
Vice Admiral Lt. General Air Marshal
Rear Admiral Major General Air Vice-Marshal
Commodore Brigadier Air Commodore
Captain Colonel Group Captain
Commander Lt. Colonel Wing Commander
Lt. Commander Major Squadron Leader
Lieutenant Captain Flight Lieutenant
Sub-Lieutenant Lieutenant Flying Officer
Warrant Officer Sergeant Major Warrant Officer
Petty Officer Sergeant Sergeant
Leading Rate Corporal Corporal
Seaman Private Aircraftman
1 in the English-speaking world          2 also some Air Forces
3 In many Commonwealth countries

In many countries, the rank of Marshal is the highest Army rank, outranking Field Marshals, Grand Admirals and Generals. Military rank is a system of hierarchical relationships in Armed forces or civil institutions organized along military lines An Admiral of the Fleet or Fleet Admiral is a military Naval officer of the highest rank For other meanings see Field Marshal (disambiguation Field marshal is a military officer rank Marshal of the Air Force may be used as a generic term for a rank in some Air forces which use a similar title with their air force's name inserted as their most senior rank Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers Air Chief Marshal ( Air Chf Mshl or ACM) is a senior Air officer rank which originated in and continues to be used by the Royal Air Force (RAF Vice Admiral is a naval rank equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the This article is about the air force rank Air marshal (or Sky marshal) is also the term given to federal security agents who travel undercover aboard commercial Rear admiral is a Naval Commissioned officer rank above that of a Commodore and Captain, and below that of a Vice Admiral. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries Air Vice-Marshal ( AVM) is an Air officer rank which originated in and continues to be used by the Royal Air Force. Commodore is a Military rank used in many navies for officers whose position exceeds that of a navy captain, but is less than This article refers to the military rank For the Doctor Who character known as the Brigadier see Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. Air Commodore ( Air Cdre in the RAF, AIRCDRE in the RNZAF and RAAF, A/C in the former RCAF) is a rank in For information specifically on the Royal Navy rank of captain see Captain (Royal Navy. Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country Group Captain ( Gp Capt in the RAF and Indian Air Force, GPCAPT in the RNZAF and RAAF, G/C in the former Commander is a Military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies Wing Commander ( Wg Cdr in the RAF, WGCDR in the RNZAF and RAAF, W/C in the former RCAF) is a commissioned Lieutenant Commander ( Lieutenant-Commander in the Royal Navy) is a Commissioned officer rank in many navies Superior Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country Squadron Leader is a commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services Flight Lieutenant ( Flt Lt in the RAF; FLTLT in the RAAF and RNZAF, F/L in the former RCAF) is a junior Sub-Lieutenant is a military rank It is normally a junior officer rank Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services Flying Officer ( Fg Off in the RAF FLGOFF in the RAAF FGOFF in the RNZAF F/O in the former RCAF and frequently in the RAF is a junior commissioned A Warrant Officer ( WO) is a member of a military organization holding one of a specific group of ranks. A Sergeant Major is a rank or appointment in many militaries around the world A Warrant Officer ( WO) is a member of a military organization holding one of a specific group of ranks. A Petty Officer is a noncommissioned officer or equivalent in many navies. Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries police forces and other uniformed organizations around the world Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries police forces and other uniformed organizations around the world Leading Rating (or Leading Rate) is the most senior of the junior rates in the British Royal Navy. Corporal is a rank in use in some form by most militaries and also by some police forces or other uniformed organizations Corporal is a rank in use in some form by most militaries and also by some police forces or other uniformed organizations Seaman as a rate refers to one of the lowest rates in a Navy. A Private is a Soldier of the lowest Military rank (equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in Aircraftman ( AC) or Aircraftwoman ( ACW) is the lowest rank in the Royal Air Force and the Air forces of several other Commonwealth An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces Military rank is a system of hierarchical relationships in Armed forces or civil institutions organized along military lines For other meanings see Field Marshal (disambiguation Field marshal is a military officer rank Grand Admiral is a historic naval rank generally being the highest such rank present in any particular country Marshals are very sparsely appointed, and typically only in war-time (although this need not be the case). The special symbol of a Marshal is a baton, and so their insignia often incorporate batons. For other uses see Baton The word baton, from the French bâton (stick also in ordinary senses itself from Late Latin bastum

In some countries, the word Marshal is also used instead of General in the higher Air force ranks. An air force, also known in some countries as an air army or historically an army air corps, is in the broadest sense the national military or armed service The four highest Royal Air Force ranks are Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Air Chief Marshal, Air Marshal and Air Vice Marshal (although the first, which has generally been suspended as a peacetime rank, is the only one which can properly be considered a marshal). Marshal of the Royal Air Force ( MRAF) is the highest rank in the Royal Air Force. Air Chief Marshal ( Air Chf Mshl or ACM) is a senior Air officer rank which originated in and continues to be used by the Royal Air Force (RAF This article is about the air force rank Air marshal (or Sky marshal) is also the term given to federal security agents who travel undercover aboard commercial Air Vice-Marshal ( AVM) is an Air officer rank which originated in and continues to be used by the Royal Air Force. The 5 star rank of Marshal of the Air Force is used by some Commonwealth air forces. An officer of 5 star rank is a very senior commander in many of the armed services holding a rank described by the NATO code of OF-10. Marshal of the Air Force may be used as a generic term for a rank in some Air forces which use a similar title with their air force's name inserted as their most senior rank

In the French army and some armies based on the French army, Maréchal des logis ( Marshal-of-Lodgings ) is a cavalry term equivalent to sergeant. Maréchal-des-logis (literally translated as "Marshal-of-Lodgings" is a Sub-officer rank used by some units of the French Armed Forces. Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries police forces and other uniformed organizations around the world

Some historical rulers have used special Marshal titles to reward certain subjects. Though not strictly military ranks, these honorary titles have been exclusively bestowed upon successful military leaders, such as the famous Grand Marshal of Ayacucho Antonio Jose de Sucre. Grand Marshal is a Ceremonial, military, or political office of very high rank Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá ( February 3 1795 &ndash June 4 1830) was a South American independence leader Most famous are the Marshals of France (Maréchaux de France), not least under Napoleon I. The Marshal of France (Maréchal de France and pl Maréchaux de France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a Military rank. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Another such title was that of Reich Marshal (Reichsmarschall), that was bestowed upon Hermann Göring by Adolf Hitler, although it was never a regular title. Reichsmarschall (Marshal of the Empire or Imperial Marshal in English) was the highest rank in the Armed forces of Nazi Germany during Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also spelled Goering) (12 January 1893 15 October 1946 was a German Politician, Military leader and a leading member Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately

Soviet Union and Russia have both General of the Army and Marshal in their rank system, which leaves the latter as a largely honorary rank. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending General of the Army is a military rank used in some countries to denote a senior military leader usually a General in command of a nation's Army.

Marshal ranks by country

The following articles deal with the rank of Marshal as used by specific countries:

These non-European ranks are considered the equivalent to a Marshal

Ceremonial

Law enforcement

The word Marechaussee seems to derive from the old French name Marecheaux given to an ancient court of justice in Paris called the "Tribunal of Constables and Marshals of France". The Constable of France (connétable de France from Latin comes stabuli for " Count of the stables" as the First Officer of the Crown was one The Marshal of France (Maréchal de France and pl Maréchaux de France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a Military rank. These constables and marshals were to become members of the Gendarmerie which served as a model for the police forces of both Belgium and the Netherlands. A gendarmerie or gendarmery (dʒɛnˈdɑrməriː or /ˌʒɑndɑrməˈriː/ after the French is a Military body charged with Police duties among civilian The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The term Marechaussee was also used for the Continental Army's military police during the American Revolution. The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America Military police ( MPs) are normally the Police of a Military Organization. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots"

United States

Particularly in the United States, marshal is used for various kinds of law enforcement officers. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Federal Marshals

The federal court system in the United States is organized into 94 federal judicial districts, each with a court (and one or several judges), a United States Attorney with assistants as prosecutors and government lawyers, and one marshal, appointed by the president, in charge of federal law enforcement. The courts are part of the independent judicial branch of the government, while the marshals and US attorneys are part of the executive branch Department of Justice.

In actual practice, the US marshal for the district mainly oversees court security, and has a unit of appointed deputies (other law enforcement operations and the federal prison system are handled by a variety of federal police agencies) and Special Deputies.

The United States Marshals Service is a professional, civil service unit of federal police, part of the system of marshals explained above but made up of career law enforcement personnel rather than the appointed district marshals. See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis The US Marshals Service assists with court security, prisoner transport, serves arrest warrants and seeks fugitives. An arrest warrant is a warrant issued by and on behalf of the state which authorizes the Arrest and detention of an individual

Federal Air Marshal Service is a separate, armed federal law enforcement service employed to protect commercial airliners from the threat of Skyjacking. The Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS is a United States federal government Law enforcement agency under the supervision of the Transportation Hijacking (also known as skyjacking and aircraft piracy) is the take over of an Aircraft, by a person or group usually armed (Though called Air Marshals, they are completely unrelated to the military rank mentioned above, and are not to be confused with it. ) These officers, like the above marshals, work for the executive branch of the US government. In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution.

The US Supreme Court maintains its own, separate Marshal of the Supreme Court who also controls the US Supreme Court Police, a security police service answerable to the court itself rather than to the president or attorney general. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The Supreme Court of the United States Police is a small federal law enforcement agency headquartered in the District of Columbia, whose mission is to ensure Security police are those persons employed by or for a governmental agency who provide police and security services to their properties It handles security for the Supreme Court building, for the justices personally, and undertakes whatever other missions the court may require.

State and Local

Europe

France

In France the Maréchaussée was the forerunner of the French Gendarmerie. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. See Gendarmerie for similar forces in other countries In France, the National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale is the national A military corps having such duties was first created in 1337 and was placed under the command of the Constable of France, and therefore named the connétablie. The Constable of France (connétable de France from Latin comes stabuli for " Count of the stables" as the First Officer of the Crown was one Constabulary may have several definitions A civil non-paramilitary Police force consisting of police officers called Constables This is the usual In 1626 after the aboliton of the title of connétable, it was put under the command of the Maréchal of France, and renamed Maréchaussée. Its main mission was protecting the roads from highwaymen. The word highwayman is first attested from the year 1617 The term "highwayman" is mainly applied to robbers who travelled on horseback as opposed to those who robbed on foot

The gens d'armes were originally heavy cavalry in the king's household, the equivalent of the "Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms". Her Majesty's Bodyguard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms is a bodyguard to the British Monarch. In 1720 the maréchaussée was subordinated to the gendarmerie; after the French Revolution the maréchaussée was abolished and the gendarmerie took over its duties in 1791. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an

It was a mounted military police force organised and equipped along military lines. Military police ( MPs) are normally the Police of a Military Organization. While its existence ensured the relative safety of French rural districts and roads, the marechaussee was regarded in contemporary England (which had no effective police force of any nature) as a symbol of foreign tyranny. In 1789, on the eve of the French Revolution, the marechaussee numbered 3,660 men divided into small detachments called brigades. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an By law dated 16 February 1791 this force was renamed the gendarmerie nationale. Its personnel and role remained unchanged.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands the Koninklijke Marechaussee are the gendarmerie force. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Royal Marechaussee, in Dutch Koninklijke Marechaussee, abbreviated to KMar (English direct translation is Royal Marshals but is often translated A gendarmerie or gendarmery (dʒɛnˈdɑrməriː or /ˌʒɑndɑrməˈriː/ after the French is a Military body charged with Police duties among civilian Created by King William I to replace the French gendarmerie on October 26, 1814 . William Frederick (William I, born Willem Frederik Prins van Oranje-Nassau ( The Hague, 24 August 1772 - Berlin, 12 December 1843 was a Prince of The word gendarmerie had gained a negative connotation, so William called the new force "marechaussée" (maréchaussée is an alternate French word for gendarmerie). At that time, the marechaussee was part of the army (landmacht). The marechaussee performed police duties for the army, as well as civilian police work as a part of the national police (rijkspolitie). The marechaussee would form the only police force in many small cities like Venlo, especially in the southern provinces of Limburg and North Brabant. As of 1998, the marechaussee is a separate branch of the Dutch military assigned with military and civilian police tasks.

Political

Poland

Apart from its military uses, the Polish word marszałek (marshal) also refers to certain political offices:

For other historical uses of the word, see marszałek. Court Marshal redirects here For the military judicial process see Court Martial.

Science fiction

Star Wars

The rank of Marshal has made frequent appearances in science fiction works, both live action productions and literature. Star Wars is an epic Space opera franchise initially conceived by George Lucas during the 1970s and significantly expanded In the universe of Star Wars, the rank of Marshal is conjectured to be connected to the TIE fighter forces, being ranks held by senior TIE fighter commanders, equivalent to Imperial Navy Admirals. Star Wars is an epic Space opera franchise initially conceived by George Lucas during the 1970s and significantly expanded TIE fighters are fictional Starfighters in the Star Wars universe Several sources of the Star Wars Expanded Universe have conjectured the following Marshal ranks of the starfighter service. The Star Wars Expanded Universe encompasses all of the officially licensed fictional background of the Star Wars universe outside of the six feature films " Starfighter " is a Science fiction term used to describe small fast usually one-manned craft designed for armed combat (cf Starship)

Others

In addition to Star Wars, the rank of Marshal may also be found in the novel Starship Troopers where the rank of Sky Marshal is held by the Commander-in-Chief of the military. Grand Marshal is a Ceremonial, military, or political office of very high rank Starship Troopers is a Science fiction Novel by Robert A Heinlein, first published (in abridged form as a serial in The Magazine A sky marshal (also known as air marshal or flight marshal) is an undercover law enforcement or security officer on board a commercial Aircraft to

Marshal is also a military rank frequently found in the universe of Doctor Who where, more often than not, it is held by various villains who seek galactic domination through military force. Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC.

In the Riddick universe, the leader of the diabolic Necromonger army is called the Lord Marshal. Richard B Riddick (played by Vin Diesel) more commonly known simply as Riddick, is the fictional Furyan Protagonist of a number of films The Chronicles of Riddick is a 2004 American science fiction / fantasy / thriller Film.

In the computer game StarCraft, the major character Jim Raynor holds the rank of Marshal at the story's outset. StarCraft is a Military science fiction Real-time strategy Video game developed by Blizzard Entertainment. James "Jim" Raynor is one of the central characters and primary Protagonists in Blizzard Entertainment's ''StarCraft'' series.

In the Warhammer 40,000 universe, the Black Templars Space Marines chapter has Marshals. Warhammer 40000 (informally known as Warhammer 40K or just 40K) is a tabletop miniature wargame in a Science In the fictional Warhammer 40000 setting of Games Workshop, the Space Marines are elite soldiers modified through gene therapy surgical modifications and

In the Battletech universe, the British-themed Federated Suns uses the military rank of Marshal for a commander of a Regimental Combat Team or a Polymorphous Defense Zone, and the rank of Field Marshal for top echelon military commanders, typically encompassing the March Lords and the Prince's Champion. BattleTech is a Wargaming and Science fiction franchise launched by FASA Corporation and currently owned by WizKids. In the fictional BattleTech Universe the Federated Suns is the Successor State ruled by House Davion.

Another example of the rank of Marshal in science fiction and fantasy can be found in Mercedes Lackey's world of Valdemar. Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting Mercedes Lackey (born June 24, 1950) New York New York (also known as Misty Lackey) is a prolific American author of fantasy novels One of the country's most important ranks is that of Lord Marshal.

In the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Hide and Q" the entity Q took the appearance of a French marshal. Star Trek The Next Generation ( STTNG or TNG) is an Emmy and Peabody Award-winning science fiction television program created by Gene Roddenberry " Hide and Q " is a first-season episode of Star Trek The Next Generation. Q, played by John de Lancie, is a character in the Star Trek mythology who appears in Star Trek The Next Generation, Star Trek Deep

In Outland, Sean Connery plays Marshal William T. Outland is a British 1981 Science fiction movie written and directed by Peter Hyams. O'Niel who runs a police force for a mining colony on Io, one of Jupiter's moons.

Academic

Racing and other competitions

References

  1. ^ (1983) in E. The 2000 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on September 10, 2000 at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza near Monza, Italy The 2001 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on March 4, 2001 at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit. Tough Guy claims to be the world's most demanding one day survival ordeal Stratego is a Board game featuring a 10 × 10 square board and two players with 40 pieces each M. Kirkpatrick: Chambers 20th Century Dictionary. Edinburgh: W & R Chambers Ltd, p. 772. ISBN 0550102345.  

See also

Earl Marshal (alternatively Marschal or Marischal) is an ancient chivalric title used separately in England, Ireland and the United General of the Army is a military rank used in some countries to denote a senior military leader usually a General in command of a nation's Army. Generalissimo or Generalissimus is a military rank of the highest degree superior to a Field Marshal or Grand Admiral. A constable is a person holding a particular office most commonly in law enforcement. SHERIFF is a telecom fraud detection and management system originally developed by BT and MCI. Police memorabilia collecting is a Hobby involving the collection and trading of law enforcement related Patches or Badges, and other memorabilia including

Dictionary

marshal

-noun

  1. A high-ranking officer in the household of a medieval prince or lord, who was originally in charge of the cavalry and later the military forces in general.
  2. A military officer of the highest rank in several countries, including France and the former Soviet Union; equivalent to a general of the army in the United States. See also field marshal.
  3. A person in charge of the ceremonial arrangement and management of a gathering.
  4. A sheriff's assistant.
  5. The highest ranking piece in the board game Stratego.

-verb

  1. to arrange troops etc. in line for inspection or a parade
  2. (be extension) to arrange facts etc in some methodical order
  3. to ceremoniously guide, conduct or usher
  4. to gather data for transmission

Marshal

-proper noun

  1. An English surname, a rare spelling of Marshall.
  2. A male given name derived from the surname, usually spelled Marshall.
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