Marmite (pronounced [/ˈmɑːmaɪt/]) is the name given to two similar food spreads, a British version produced in the United Kingdom and South Africa and the other in New Zealand. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Marmite is made from yeast extract, a by-product of beer brewing, and is suitable for vegetarians and vegans. Yeast extract is the common name for various forms of processed Yeast products that are used as food additives or flavourings A by-product is a secondary or incidental product deriving from a Manufacturing process a Chemical reaction or a biochemical pathway and is not the primary product Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Brewing is the production of Alcoholic beverage and Alcohol fuel through fermentation. Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea
The British version of the product is a sticky, dark brown paste with a distinctive, powerful flavour, which is extremely salty and savoury with umami qualities, comparable to soy sauce. is one of the five Basic tastes sensed by specialized receptor cells present on the human Tongue. Soy sauce ( US) soya sauce ( Commonwealth) shoyu ( Japan) or sillao ( Peru) is a fermented Sauce This distinctive taste is reflected in the British company's marketing slogan: "Love it or hate it. " It is similar to the Australian Vegemite and Swiss Cenovis. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Vegemite ( is a dark brown savoury food paste made from Yeast extract, used mainly as a spread on Sandwiches Toast and cracker biscuits Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Cenovis is a product based on Yeast extract similar to Vegemite and Marmite, rich in vitamin B1. Bovril is a similar-looking spread made from beef extract. Bovril is the trademarked name of a thick salty Beef extract sold in a distinctive bulbous jar An extract is a substance made by extracting a part of a Raw material, often by using a Solvent such as Ethanol or Water.
The distinctive product was originally British, but a version with a noticeably different taste has been manufactured in New Zealand since 1919, and this is the dominant version in New Zealand, Australia and the Pacific Islands.
The image on the front of the British jar shows a "marmite", a French term for a large, covered earthenware or metal cooking pot. [1] The British Marmite was originally supplied in earthenware pots, but since the 1920s has been sold in glass jars that approximate the shape of such pots. Earthenware is a common Ceramic material which is used extensively for Pottery tableware and decorative objects [2] A thinner version in squeezable plastic jars was introduced in March 2006.
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The Marmite Food Extract Company was formed in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, England, in 1902, with Marmite as its main product, and Burton as the site of the first factory. Burton upon Trent, also known as Burton-on-Trent or simply Burton, is a large town straddling the River Trent in the east of Staffordshire, Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The by-product yeast needed for the paste came from the biggest brewer at the time, Bass Brewery. Bass (ˈbæs is the name of a former Brewery and the brand name for several English Beers originally brewed in Burton upon Trent at Bass By 1907, the product had become successful enough to warrant construction of a second factory at Camberwell Green in London. Camberwell Green is a small area of Common land in Camberwell, South London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. [3]
Initially, Marmite was popular with vegetarians as a meat-free alternative to beef extract products such as Bovril, which were popular in the late 19th and early 20th century. Bovril is the trademarked name of a thick salty Beef extract sold in a distinctive bulbous jar
Today, the main ingredients of Marmite manufactured in the UK are yeast extract, with lesser quantities of sodium chloride (table salt), vegetable extract, niacin, thiamine, spice extracts, riboflavin, folic acid, and celery extracts, although the precise composition is a trade secret. Yeast extract is the common name for various forms of processed Yeast products that are used as food additives or flavourings For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants The term " vegetable " generally means the edible parts of Plants The definition of the word is traditional rather than Scientific, however Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease Pellagra. Riboflavin ( E101) also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed Micronutrient with a key role in maintaining Health Folic acid (also known as Vitamin M and Folacin) and Folate (the Anionic form are forms of the water-soluble Vitamin B9 A trade secret is a Formula, practice, Process, Design, instrument, Pattern, or compilation of Information which [4] By 1912, the discovery of vitamins was a boost for Marmite, as the spread is a rich source of the vitamin B complex; vitamin B12 is not naturally found in yeast extract, but is added to Marmite during manufacture. A vitamin is an Organic compound required as a Nutrient in tiny amounts by an Organism. With the vitamin B1 deficiency beri-beri being common during the First World War, the spread became more popular. For the similarly spelled pyrimidine see Thymine Thiamin or thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1 Beriberi (pronounced Berry-berry) is a Nervous system ailment caused by Thiamine (vitamin B1 deficiency World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All
In 1990, Marmite Limited—which had become a subsidiary of Bovril Limited—was bought by CPC (United Kingdom) Limited, which changed its name to Best Foods Inc in 1998. Bovril is the trademarked name of a thick salty Beef extract sold in a distinctive bulbous jar Hellmann's and Best Foods are brand names that are used for the same line of Mayonnaise and other food products Best Foods Inc subsequently merged with Unilever in 2000, and Marmite is now a trademark owned by Unilever. Unilever is a Multi-national corporation, formed of Anglo - Dutch parentage that owns many of the world's Consumer product brands A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual Unilever is a Multi-national corporation, formed of Anglo - Dutch parentage that owns many of the world's Consumer product brands
Marmite's publicity campaigns initially emphasised the spread's healthy nature, extolling it as "The growing up spread you never grow out of. " During the 1980s, the spread was advertised with the slogan "My mate, Marmite", chanted in television commercials by an army platoon (the spread had been a standard vitamin supplement for British-based German POWs during the Second World War). By the 1990s, another strand entered the company's marketing efforts; Marmite's distinctive and powerful taste had earned it as many detractors as it had fans, and it was commonly notorious for producing a binary and exclusive "love/hate" reaction amongst consumers. Modern advertisements play on this, and Marmite runs a dual skinned website with two URLs; I Love Marmite and I Hate Marmite, where people may share their experiences of Marmite and are actively encouraged to fuel this debate, as prompted by the I Hate Marmite registration form.
A 2004 UK TV advert, which parodied the 1958 Steve McQueen film The Blob, substituting Marmite for the original alien space menace and including scenes of fleeing crowds, was dropped from children's television after concerned parents reported that their children had been scared by the adverts and had nightmares after viewing them. Terrence Steven "Steve" McQueen (March 24 1930 – November 7 1980 was an American movie Actor, nicknamed "The King of Cool" The Blob is an independently made American horror/ Science-fiction film from 1958 depicting a giant Amoeba -like alien that terrorizes [5]
Marmite is less common outside of the United Kingdom (see Availability worldwide). Marmite (/ˈmɑːmaɪt/ is the name given to two similar food spreads a British version produced in the United Kingdom and South Africa and the other in New It is frequently cited as the most-missed foodstuff by British expatriates. Paul Ridout, a British backpacker kidnapped by Kashmiri separatists in 1994, was quoted as saying "It was pretty good. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir It's just one of those things—you get out of the country and it's all you can think about. "[6]
Bill Bryson, in Notes from a Small Island writes: "There are certain things that you have to be British, or at least older than me, or possibly both, to appreciate: skiffle music, salt-cellars with a single hole, [and] Marmite (an edible yeast extract with the visual properties of an industrial lubricant). William McGuire "Bill" Bryson, OBE, (born 8 December 1951 is a best-selling American Author of humorous books on Travel, as well Notes from a Small Island is a travel book by Bill Bryson. It was written when the author was due to move back to his native United States but decided Skiffle is a type of Folk music with Jazz, Blues and Country influences usually using homemade or improvised instruments such as the Washboard "[7]
In 2006, a new "squeezy" jar of Marmite was released. It was released to make the Marmite easier to get out. The container is made of plastic, and when first launched the "Marmite" logo was replaced by the words "Squeeze me".
The Sanitarium Health Food Company obtained sole rights to distribute the product in New Zealand and Australia, in 1908. The Sanitarium Health Food Company is a food company in Australia and New Zealand that produces a large range of breakfast cereals as well as a range For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. [8] They later began manufacturing Marmite under license in Christchurch. Christchurch (Ōtautahi The largest City in the South Island, it is also the second largest city and third largest urban area of New Zealand
In the 1930s, Sanitarium began experimenting with the ingredients, which are now present in quantities different from the British version. Labels on the products show that the New Zealand version also has high levels of potassium, which the British version does not.
This New Zealand product is now considered to have a somewhat sweeter flavour than the British spread. It is widely distributed through Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.
Since 1923, New Zealand Marmite has been locked in a battle with Vegemite, an American-owned Australian spread with a similar appearance but markedly different flavour. Vegemite ( is a dark brown savoury food paste made from Yeast extract, used mainly as a spread on Sandwiches Toast and cracker biscuits
In recent years, Unilever has sold British Marmite on New Zealand supermarket shelves, replacing the name "Marmite" on the jar with "Our Mate", as Sanitarium has exclusive rights to the name in the country.
Marmite is traditionally eaten as a savoury spread on bread, toast, and savoury biscuits. Taste (or more formally gustation) is a form of direct Chemoreception and is one of the traditional five Senses Toast is sliced Bread which has been browned by exposure to dry Heat ("toasted" A biscuit (ˈbɪskɨt is a small baked product the exact meaning varies markedly in different parts of the world Owing to its concentrated taste it is usually spread thinly with butter or margarine. In 2003, the Absolute Press published Paul Hartley's The Marmite Cookbook, containing recipes and suggestions on how to blend Marmite with other foodstuffs. [9] Marmite soldiers are often eaten dipped in a soft-boiled egg.
Marmite also works well with cheese (such as in a cheese sandwich) and has been used as an additional flavouring in Mini Cheddars, a savoury cheese-flavoured biscuit snack. Cheddars are a brand of baked Cheddar cheese -flavoured British-style savoury biscuit, made by McVitie's as an alternative to other snack foods such as fried Similarly, it has been used by Walkers Crisps for a special-edition flavour and has introduced, with local Dorset bakery Fudges, Marmite Biscuits in the UK. Starbucks UK has a cheese and Marmite Panino on their menu. Starbucks Corporation ( is an international Coffee and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle Washington.
Sandwiches using this prime ingredient often consist of spreading one slice of toasted bread with margarine and Marmite, another slice of toasted bread with margarine and peanut butter, then putting the two together for a fine vegetarian or vegan sandwich. Another popular combination uses digestive biscuits instead of bread. A digestive biscuit, sometimes referred to as a sweetmeal biscuit, is a semi-sweet Biscuit or Cookie, popular in the United Kingdom, in In both New Zealand and the UK, Marmite is sometimes spread on bread with potato crisps added to make a "Marmite and Chip" or "Crisps and Marmite" sandwich.
Nigella Lawson's recipe for Marmite sandwiches:
Whisk soft unsalted butter with some Marmite and then spread the peanut-butter coloured mix on to sliced white bread. Nigella Lucy Lawson (born 6 January 1960 is an English food writer, Journalist and broadcaster 100g butter is enough to sandwich the slices of one loaf, the quantity of Marmite depends on whether you want a mild-tasting, buff-coloured cream or a salty-strong, sunbed-tan glaze.
In Sri Lanka it is dissolved in boiling water and some lime juice and a fried, sliced onion is added, allegedly an excellent pick-me-up drink for recovering from a hangover. Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits (generally Citruses, both Species and hybrids, which are typically round green to yellow
Marmite (and Bovril) can also be dissolved in boiling water to make as soup. Bovril is the trademarked name of a thick salty Beef extract sold in a distinctive bulbous jar
In Singapore and Malaysia, Chinese restaurants use Marmite as a marinade for stir-fried pork spare ribs. Upon frying, the heat caramelises the Marmite-based marinade into a sweet-savoury glaze. Marmite has also been added to porridge to add flavour to it.
Marmite is widespread and available in most food stores in the UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India, Sri Lanka and South Africa, and generally most parts of the Commonwealth of Nations. Catering is the Business of providing Foodservice at a remote site Vegemite ( is a dark brown savoury food paste made from Yeast extract, used mainly as a spread on Sandwiches Toast and cracker biscuits The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa
Countries where (Unilever UK Export) Marmite export has some availability, such as some supermarkets, local shops and health food stores are:
Marmite purchased in New Zealand, Australia and the Pacific Islands is New Zealand Marmite, which has its own distinctive flavour. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Kingdom of Bahrain (in مملكة البحرين,, literally Kingdom of the Two Seas) is an Island country in the Persian Gulf The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Singapore Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
British supermarket Tesco's own brand yeast extract is also available in stores in the Czech Republic. Tesco plc is a British -based international grocery and general merchandising retail chain
New Zealand Marmite ingredients include sugar—and comes in different packaging; it is manufactured by the Sanitarium Health Food Company, which started importing it from Britain in 1910, gained the exclusive agency to sell in New Zealand in 1919, and in the 1930s started experimenting with blends that led to today's independent product. The Sanitarium Health Food Company is a food company in Australia and New Zealand that produces a large range of breakfast cereals as well as a range NZ Marmite is marketed and sold in some speciality shops in the UK under the name "Vitamite".
UK Marmite is available in Australia in the 125g size from several small imported food stores.
There is also an imported version called "Our Mate" which is produced and exported by Unilever's UK export division (Unilever UK Export). These are also sold in the 125g size and are produced in Burton on Trent, the home of Marmite and Bovril. The label states "Made in the UK by Unilever UK. " Australia's national distributor Manassen Foods works with Unilever UK Export to sell 'Our Mate' (Marmite) in Australia and New Zealand.
In February 2007 Marmite produced a limited edition Guinness Marmite of 300,000 250g jars of their yeast extract with 30% Guinness yeast. Guinness (ˈɡɪnɪs is a popular Dry stout that originated in Arthur Guinness ' brewery at St Guinness (ˈɡɪnɪs is a popular Dry stout that originated in Arthur Guinness ' brewery at St
The Guinness Marmite has a more subtle and smoother taste. Although it is alcohol free, it still retains a noticeable hint of "Guinness" flavour. Its consistency is rather more runny than the normal Marmite and care might be needed when opening the white and black liveried jar.
In January 2008 a new special edition Champagne Marmite was released for Valentines day 2008, the limited edition run 600,000 was initially released exclusively to Selfridges of London and then across the UK from January the 21st. With 0. 3% champagne added to the recipe the spread isn't alcoholic, but does have a sweeter smell than the regular spread, a slightly lighter colour and like the Guinness edition a runnier consistency than usual. The special edition also has a modified label in the shape of a heart with 'I love you' instead of the regular Marmite logo and decorated with italic writing and cherubs. The lid has also been made a golden colour to match the label and emulate a champagne bottle. A new touch to the jar is a space on the back to write in the name of one's valentine onto the jar.
Whilst the actual process is secret, the general method for making yeast extract on a commercial scale is to add salt to a suspension of yeast making the solution hypertonic, which leads to the cells shrivelling up; this triggers "autolysis", in which the yeast self-destructs. Tonicity is a measure of blood capacity or effective osmolality in cell Biology. In biology autolysis may refer to the destruction of a cell through the action of its own Enzymes It may also refer to the digestion of an enzyme by another molecule The dying yeast cells are then heated to complete their breakdown, after which the husks (yeast have thick cell walls which would detract from the smooth texture of the final product) are separated out. As with other yeast extracts, Marmite contains free glutamic acids, which are analogous to monosodium glutamate (MSG). Yeast extract is the common name for various forms of processed Yeast products that are used as food additives or flavourings Glutamic acid (abbreviated as Glu or E) is one of the 20 Alpha Amino acids It is not among the human Essential amino acids Its Monosodium glutamate, also known as sodium glutamate and MSG, is a Sodium salt of the non-essential Amino acid Glutamic acid
UK Marmite is gluten-free.
New Zealand Marmite contains 80% yeast. Other ingredients are sugar, salt, mineral salt (508), wheat maltodextrin, caramel colour, herbs, spices, vitamins (niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, folate, B12), iron, and derivatives of barley, wheat and soy.
Marmite has useful quantities of vitamins, even in small servings. Sodium (salt) content of the spread is high and has caused concern, but the amount per serving, not the percentage in bulk Marmite, is the significant factor.
British Marmite:
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Per 100 g of UK Marmite
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Per 4 g serving of UK Marmite
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RDA = Recommended Daily Allowance.
Suggested serving 4 g for adults, 2 g for children.
Per 100 g of New Zealand Marmite
| “ | The two things given to each patient were a bottle of the standard quinine mixture and Marmite rolled into the form of vederala's pills. Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Quinine (ˈkwaɪnaɪn kwɪˈniːn ˈkwiːniːn is a natural white Crystalline Alkaloid having Antipyretic (fever-reducing antimalarial, The latter was said to have been the idea of the late Dr. Mary Ratnam and to have been more effective than the quinine itself, such was the degree of starvation among the peasantry. The Suriya Mal workers were amazed to see how this little Marmite revived them and put some life back into them. The Suriya-Mal Movement was formed in British ruled Ceylon ( Sri Lanka) to sell Suriya ( Portia tree) flowers on Poppy Day | ” |
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—George Jan Lerski, [1] |
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