British-style marmalade is a sweet preserve with a bitter tang made from fruit, sugar, water, and (in some commercial brands) a gelling agent. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Gelling agents are materials used to thicken and stabilize liquid solutions Emulsions and suspensions They dissolve in the liquid phase as a Colloid mixture American-style marmalade is sweet, not bitter. In English-speaking usage "marmalade" almost always refers to a preserve derived from a citrus fruit, most commonly oranges. Citrus is a common term and Genus of Flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast regions of The recipe includes sliced or chopped fruit peel, which is simmered in fruit juice and water until soft; indeed marmalade is sometimes described as jam with fruit peel. Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a Fruit or Vegetable which could be peeled off Such marmalade is most often consumed on toasted bread for breakfast. Toast is sliced Bread which has been browned by exposure to dry Heat ("toasted" Bread is a Staple food prepared by Baking a Dough of Flour and Water. The favoured citrus fruit for marmalade production in the UK is the "Seville orange", Citrus aurantium var. For the fruit known as "Chinese Bitter Orange" see Trifoliate orange. aurantium, thus called because it was originally imported from Seville in Spain; it is higher in pectin than sweet oranges, and therefore gives a good set. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Pectin (from Greek πηκτικός - pektikos, "congealed curdled" a white to light brown powder is a Heteropolysaccharide An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn Marmalade can also be made from lemons, limes, grapefruits, strawberries or a combination. The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits (generally Citruses, both Species and hybrids, which are typically round green to yellow The grapefruit is a subtropical Citrus Tree grown for its Fruit which was originally named the "forbidden fruit " of Barbados

Contents 1 Origins 2 Dundee Marmalade 3 Notes 4 Further reading 5 External links

Origins

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, "marmalade" appeared in English in 1480, borrowed from French marmelade which, in turn, came from the Portuguese marmelada. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English Originally, according to the root of the word, which is marmelo or quince, a preserve made from quinces was intended. The Quince (kwɪns or Cydonia oblonga, is the sole member of the genus Cydonia and native to warm-temperate southwest Asia in the Caucasus The Quince (kwɪns or Cydonia oblonga, is the sole member of the genus Cydonia and native to warm-temperate southwest Asia in the Caucasus Marmelada is a compound of the word marmelo (quince), that derives from Latin melimelum, “honey apple” (Klein’s Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language). ^[1] According to José Pedro Machado’s “Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa” (Etymological Dictionary of the Portuguese Language), the oldest known document where this word is to be found is Gil Vicente’s play Comédia de Rubena, written in 1521:

Temos tanta marmelada

Que minha mãy maa de dar^[2]

The Romans learned from the Greeks that quinces slowly cooked with honey would "set" when cool (though they did not know about fruit pectin). Gil Vicente (ˈʒil viˈsentɨ (1465 &ndash 1537 called the Trobadour, was a Portuguese Playwright and Poet who Pectin (from Greek πηκτικός - pektikos, "congealed curdled" a white to light brown powder is a Heteropolysaccharide Greek melimēlon or "honey fruit"—for most quinces are too astringent to be used without honey, and in Greek "mēlon" or "apple" stands for all globular fruits—was transformed into "marmelo. " The Roman cookbook attributed to Apicius gives a recipe for preserving whole quinces with their stems and leaves attached in a bath of honey diluted with defrutum: Roman marmalade. Defrutum is a reduction of Must used by cooks and others in Ancient Rome.

The extension of "marmalade" in the English language to refer to citrus fruits was made in the 17th century, when citrus first began to be plentiful enough in England for the usage to become common. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In some languages of continental Europe a word sharing a root with "marmalade" refers to all gelled fruit conserves, and those derived from citrus fruits merit no special word of their own. Due to British influence, only citrus products may be sold as "marmalade" in the European Union (with certain exceptions), which has led to considerable complaints from those other countries. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

Dundee Marmalade

The Scottish city of Dundee has a long association with marmalade. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Dundee (Dùn Dèagh is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council The oft-related story of how this came about begins sometime in the 1700s when a Spanish ship with a cargo of Seville oranges docked in Dundee harbor to shelter from storms. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. A grocer by the name of James Keiller bought a vast amount of the cargo at a knockdown price, but found it impossible to sell the bitter oranges to his customers. He passed the oranges on to his wife Janet who used them instead of the normal quinces to make a fruit preserve. The Quince (kwɪns or Cydonia oblonga, is the sole member of the genus Cydonia and native to warm-temperate southwest Asia in the Caucasus The marmalade proved extremely popular and the Keiller family went in to business producing marmalade. However this is almost complete fiction. The truth is that in 1797, James Keiller, who was unmarried at the time, and his mother Janet opened a factory to produce "Dundee Marmalade", that is marmalade containing thick chunks of orange rind, this recipe (probably invented by his mother) being a new twist on the already well-known fruit preserve of orange marmalade. Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Notes

Further reading

• Succade
• Allen, Brigid (1989). Succade is the candied peel of any of the Citrus species especially from the Citron or citrus medica which is distinct with its extra thick Cooper's Oxford: A history of Frank Cooper Limited.  
• Mathew, W. M. . Keiller's Of Dundee: The Rise of the Marmalade Dynasty 1800-1879.  
• Mathew, W. M. . The Secret History of Guernsey Marmalade.  
• Wilson, C. Anne. The Book of Marmalade.  

External links

• Marmaland
• [1]

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