Market town or market right is a legal term, originating in the medieval period, for a European settlement that has the right to hold markets. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information This distinguishes them from villages and cities. A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status A town may be correctly described as a market town or as having market rights even if it no longer holds a market, provided the right to do so still exists. A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan When the dutch hoe revolutionised agriculture in Europe, making crop production more efficient, it would be traded throughout the continent by the travelling market traders who were, doubtless, the reason why markets came to be held on different days of the week in each market town of a particular area. Hoes are Bladed Tools used to agitate the surface of the Soil around Plants to remove weeds pile soil around the base
Contents |
England
In England, even up to the 19th century, the majority of people lived off the land, and relatively few in towns; therefore, farmers and their wives brought their produce to markets that were held after worship in the grounds of their church (it is believed that such markets were banned during the Reformation). England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar A farmer is a person who raises living organisms for food or raw materials The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Market Towns were an important feature of rural life, as some place names remind us: Market Drayton, Market Harborough, Chipping Norton and Chipping Sodbury — chipping being derived from a Saxon verb meaning to buy. Market Drayton is a small Market town in north Shropshire, England Market Harborough is a Market town in Leicestershire, England. Chipping Norton is a Town in the West Oxfordshire Distrcit of Oxfordshire, England, located north west of Oxford. Chipping Sodbury is a market town in South Gloucestershire, south west England, founded in the 12th century by William Crassus. The word "market" comes from the Latin "mercatus" which is also the root of "mercantile"; Market Towns were, in fact, mercantile towns.
Market towns often grew up close to fortified places, such as castles, in order to enjoy their protection, for example Framlingham in Suffolk. A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. Framlingham, is a market town in East Suffolk, England.It is of Anglo-Saxon origin and is mentioned in the Domesday Book. Suffolk (ˈsʌfək is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. They tended to be located where transport was easiest: for example, at a crossroads or close to a river ford. A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled When the railways came, market towns had priority and it appears to be unheard of for the station in a market town to be closed down, for example, under the Beeching axe. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The Beeching Axe is an informal name for the British Government 's attempt in the 1960s to reduce the cost of running British Railways, the nationalised railway system Hence, in Calderdale, West Yorkshire there are several market towns quite close together, if one goes by train; Halifax, Sowerby Bridge, Hebden Bridge and Todmorden where the Railway also owned all the even numbered buses. The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a Metropolitan borough of the Metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, England, through which the West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of Halifax is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England, with a population of 82056 in the Sowerby Bridge is a Market town that lies within the Upper Calder Valley in the district of Calderdale in the County of West Yorkshire Hebden Bridge is a Market town within the Calderdale borough of West Yorkshire, England, eight miles (13 km west of Halifax and fifteen Todmorden is a Market town and Civil parish, within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England
There are instances of market towns making applications to the Monarch to close down the illegal market of another town because the Royal Charter is believed to have determined the distances between as one third/one third/one third - a third of the day to go to market, a third to sell one's wares - or to buy - and a third to travel home. A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company Coastal market towns, such as Wisbech, often gave this distance the maritime title of "two leagues". Wisbech ('wɪzbiʧ is a market town and inland port with a population of about 20000 in the Fenland area of Cambridgeshire. The distances are still law in England today but other markets can be held provided that they are licenced by the holder of the Royal Charter which tends nowadays to be the local Town Council, failing that, a licence can be granted by the Monarch. A town council is a democratically elected form of government for small municipalities or Parishes A council may serve as both the representative and executive branch
The most obvious feature of the traditional market town is a very wide main street or market place, with room for market stalls and booths to be set up on market days. A market cross often stood in the centre of the town, as a way of obtaining God's blessing on the trade. A market cross is a structure used to mark a Market square in Market towns originally from Western European Architecture. The cross was also a reminder "not to defraud by cheapening". This is universally taken to mean that market traders were dishonest, however, it is quite the reverse for it is a warning to townsfolk not to barter the traders so low as to make it not worth their while to return. The best remaining examples of market crosses in England are at Chichester and Malmesbury. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Chichester is a cathedral city in West Sussex, England. It has a long history as a settlement its Roman past and its subsequent importance Malmesbury is a south Cotswold town and Civil parish in south west England in the county of Wiltshire. In Scotland the crosses are called "mercat crosses". Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. There would often be a market hall, with administrative quarters at first floor level, above the covered market. Market Towns with smaller status include Minchinhampton, Nailsworth and Painswick near Stroud, Gloucestershire. Minchinhampton is an ancient market town located on a hilltop 4 miles south-south-east of Stroud Gloucestershire, England, in the Cotswolds. Nailsworth is a Town in Gloucestershire, England, lying in one of the Stroud Valleys in the Cotswolds. Painswick is a small Town in Gloucestershire, England. Originally the town grew on the Wool trade but it is now best known for its church's Stroud is a Town and Civil parish in the County of Gloucestershire, England. History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century
Colchester claims to be England's oldest recorded market to close history. Colchester ( /ˈkəʊltʃɛstə/ is a town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester, in Essex, England. The Oldest town in Britain is a title claimed by a number of settlements in Great Britain.
A Market Town may or may not have rights concerning self-government, which is the usual meaning of "town". In England, towns with such rights are usually distinguished with the additional status of Borough. Borough status in the United Kingdom is granted by Royal charter to Local government Districts in England, Wales and Northern Although it is generally accepted that when a Town was granted a Market it, in effect, became a free person.
The National Federation of Market Traders (NFMT), situated in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, has 36,000 members and has close links with other market traders' federations throughout Europe. Barnsley is a town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies on the River Dearne, north of the city of Sheffield, and west of Doncaster Divisions and environs South Yorkshire is divided into four local government districts they are the City of Sheffield, the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster Many people believe that when buying in an English market they are taking a risk. This is not the case. All market customers have the same rights as they would when shopping with any other retailer and, therefore can buy with confidence.
German language area
The right to hold markets is similarly recollected in the names of many towns in Germany and Austria which have the prefix Markt, for example Markt Berolzheim or Marktbergel. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Markt Berolzheim is a municipality in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district in Bavaria, Germany. Marktbergel is a municipality in the district of Neustadt (Aisch-Bad Windsheim in Bavaria in Germany. Other terms used for market towns were Flecken in northern Germany or Wigbold in Westphalia. Westphalia (Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Bielefeld, Bochum, Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster The status of market towns (Marktgemeinde, Market communities) is still in official use, but without legal significance in Bavaria, Austria, and Bolzano-Bozen (Italy). Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Province of Bolzano-Bozen (Provincia autonoma di Bolzano Autonome Provinz Bozen Ladin: Provinzia Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
Norway
In Norway the medieval market town (Norwegian kjøpstad from the old Norse kaupstaðr) is a Norwegian town which had been granted commerce privileges by the king or other authorities. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age The citizens in the town had a monopoly over the purchase and sale of wares and operation of other businesses, both in the town and in the surrounding district. In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient
Market towns were first created in Norway in the 12th century to encourage businesses to be concentrated around specific towns. Import and export was to be conducted only through market towns to allow oversight on commerce and to simplify imposition of excise taxes and customs duties. In Economics, an import is any good (eg a Commodity) or Service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion In Economics, an export is any good or Commodity, Transported from one country to another country in a Legitimate fashion Excise or Excise tax (sometimes called an excise duty) is a type of Tax charged on goods produced within the country (as opposed to Customs duties Customs is an Authority or agency in a Country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods It served to encourage growth in areas which had strategic significance, providing a local economic base for construction of fortifications and population for defense of the area. Norwegian Fortresses or Fortifications have been constructed from some of the earliest recorded periods down through the 20th century It also served to restrict Hanseatic League merchants from trading in areas other than those designated. The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade
Norway included a subordinate category to the market town, the small seaport (Norwegian lossested or ladested), which was a port or harbor with a monopoly to import and export goods and materials in both the port and for a surrounding outlying district. Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language Typically these were locations for exporting timber and importing grain and goods. Local farm goods and timber sales were all required to pass through merchants at either a small seaport or a market town prior to export. This incentivized local merchants to assure trading went through them, which was so effective in limiting unsupervised sales (smuggling) that customs revenues increased from <30% of the total tax revenues in 1600 to >50% of the total taxes by 1700. Smuggling, also known as trafficking, is the clandestine transportation of goods or persons past a point where prohibited such as out of a building into a Prison
Norwegian “market towns” died out and were replaced by free markets in the 1800s. After 1952 both the “small seaport” and the “market town” have simple town status. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Equivalents in other areas
- in Croatian: trgovišće
- in Czech: městys, městečko
- in Danish: købstad
- in Dutch: marktvlek
- in Finnish: kauppala
- in Hungarian: mezőváros, from város (town) and mező (open field), the towns got this name because they were usually not surrounded by town walls
- in Romanian: târg
- in Swedish: köping
- in German: marktgemeinde
- in Polish: miasteczko
References
A Revolution from Above; The Power State of 16th and 17th Century Scandinavia; Editor: Leon Jesperson; Odense University Press; Denmark; 2000
A cadastre (also spelled cadaster) is a comprehensive register of the Metes and bounds real property of a country and commonly includes details of Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Nowotaniec, (ד בנוביטַניץ' Novitanitz) is a village in south-eastern Poland, inhabited by about 430 (2002 in the Bukowsko Upland mountains Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance A târg was a medieval Romanian Market town. The term originates from the Slavic root torg for " Trade " Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the This article deals with the Swedish denomination for a market town The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Market town or market right is a legal term originating in the Medieval period for a European settlement that has the right to hold Markets Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic