Mariupol Маріуполь
Flag Coat of arms
Map of Ukraine with Mariupol highlighted.
Mariupol Location of Mariupol
Coordinates: 47°7′0″N 37°33′0″E / 47.11667, 37.55
Country Oblast Raion	Ukraine Donetsk Oblast Mariupol City Municipality
Founded	1778
City rights	1779
Government
- Mayor	Yury Yuryevich Khotlubey
Area
- Total	166 km² (64. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Ukraine is subdivided into 24 Oblasts (provinces, one Autonomous republic, and two " cities with special status' " For the manufactured regenerated fiber see Rayon A raion (or rayon) (райо́н ra'jon rayon раён რაიონი Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Donetsk Oblast (Донецька область Donets’ka oblast’; also referred to as Donechchyna — Донеччина is an oblast (province Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi)
Population (2007)
- Total	498,600
- Density	2,058/km² (5,330. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/sq mi)
Postal code	87500—87590
Area code(s)	+380 629
Website: www.marsovet.org.ua

Mariupol or, sometimes, Mariupolis (pronounced [mariˈupʌlʲ]; Ukrainian: Маріуполь; Russian: Мариу́поль; Greek: Μαριούπολη), formerly known as Zhdanov (Ukrainian and Russian: Жда́нов), is a port city in southeastern Ukraine, situated on the coast of the Azov Sea, at the mouth of the Kalmius River. A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Sea of Azov (Азо́вское мо́ре - Azovskoye more; Азо́вське мо́ре - Azovs'ke more, Azaq deñizi is the world's shallowest sea linked The Kalmius (Кальміус is one of two Rivers flowing through the Ukrainian city of Mariupol. It is also a climatic seasonal resort and the largest city in Priazovye. Administratively, it belongs to Donetsk oblast, historically it is a part of the Donbas region. Donetsk Oblast (Донецька область Donets’ka oblast’; also referred to as Donechchyna — Донеччина is an oblast (province Donets Basin, also known as Donbas or Donbass (Донецький басейн usually abbreviated to Донбас translit As of January, 1, 2007, the population was 498,600. ^[1]

Mariupol is an important industrial center and seaport. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Mariupol has two steel mills (Ilyich Iron and Steel Works and Azovstal), which make up a significant part of Ukraine's total export. The machine-building concern «Azovmash» is the largest in the country. The industrial area of Mariupol produces 37. 5% of Donetsk oblast’s exports and about 7. 0% of all Ukraine’s exports. From 1948 to 1989 the city was named Zhdanov in honor of Andrei Zhdanov. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov (Андре́й Алекса́ндрович Жда́нов ( Mariupol', &ndash August 31, 1948

Mariupol has historically had a relatively large Greek minority.

History

Main article: History of Mariupol

Mariupol was known from the beginning of the 16th century as the Cossack fortress Kalmius, but only became a real city after the migration of the Crimean Greeks to Priazovye from 1778 - 1780. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for The Kalmius (Кальміус is one of two Rivers flowing through the Ukrainian city of Mariupol. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a It became the first city in Donetsk Oblast to receive city status in 1779. Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The railway, a new big port, and a metal works appeared at the end of the 19th century. Overview The works produces the hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel of wide assortment including for ship building oil pipeline boring gas pipeline and water-pipes The city has undergone much industrialization, such as the appearance of a large "Azovstal" plant. Mariupol was occupied by the Germans from (1941 - 1943). Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Now it is a major center of industry in the Donetsk Oblast, but also a resort destination. It is recognized as the center of Greek culture in the Ukraine.

City Image

Today Mariupol is the second most populous city in Donetsk oblast, (after Donetsk), the tenth in population in the Ukraine. Donetsk Oblast (Донецька область Donets’ka oblast’; also referred to as Donechchyna — Донеччина is an oblast (province Donetsk (Донецьк translit Donets’k; Доне́цк translit Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.

Architecture

Plan of Mariupol

Old Mariupol (an area limited to the south coast of the Sea of Azov, in the east - Kalmius River, in the north - Shevchenko Blvd. , in the West – Metallurgov Av. ) is built up mainly of few-story houses and has kept its pre-revolutionary architecture. Only Artyom Str. and Lenin Av. were built after the Great Patriotic War and are considered modern buildings. The term Great Patriotic War (Великая Отечественная война Velikaya Otechestvennaya Vojna) is used in Russia and some other

The central area of Mariupol (from the Metallurgov Av. up to Stroiteley Av. ) is almost entirely administrative and commercial buildings (a city council building, post office, the Lukov cinema, Mariupol Humanitarian University, Priazov State Technical University, the Korolenko central city library, and many large shops.

Architecture of other residential areas ("Zapadny", "Vostochny", "Kirov", "Cheremushki", 5-th, 17-th catchment area etc. ) are not especially different or original and are typically 5 and 9-storied houses.

The accommodation of the city is 9. 82 million meters square the common area. Security of the inhabited parts of the city is 19. 3 meters square per 1 inhabitant. Densities of privatized habitation in 2003 were 76. 3 %

Important streets

The house with a spike - one of symbols of Mariupol

• Avenues (“Prospects”): Lenin (the central highway), Metallurgov (“Metallurgists”, one connects 3 right-bank areas of city), Stroiteley (“Builders”), Ilyich (after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin), Nakhimov, Pobedy (“Victory”), Lunin (after admiral Lunin), Leningradsky (in Ordzhonikidzevsky borough)
• Streets (“Ulitsas”): Artyom, Torgovaya (“Trading”), Apatov, Kuprin, Uritsky, Bahchivandzhi, Gagarin, Karpinsky, Mamin-Sibiryak, Taganrogskaya, Olimpiyskaya, Azovstalskaya, Makar Mazay, Karl Libknekht).
• Boulevards: Shevchenko, Komsomolsky, Primorsky, Khmelnitsky etc.
• Squares (“Ploschads”): Administrativnaya (“Administrative”), Nezavisimosti (“Independence”), Pobedy (“Victory”), Mashinostroiteley (“Mechanical engineers”), Leninsky Komsomol, Osvobozhdeniya (“Liberation”).

In December, 1991 by the decision of city council of Mariupol have been renamed (pre-revolutionary names) the following streets in an old part of city are returned:

• First of May Street - Georgievskaya Street,
• Third International Street - Torgovaya Street,
• Apatov Street (a part - to the east from the Metallurgov Avenue) - Italian Street,
• Donbass Street - Nikolaevskaya Street,
• Ivan Franko Street - Fontannaya Street,
• Karl Libknekht Street (a part - to the east from the Metallurgov Avenue) - Mitropolit Street,
• Karl Marks Street - Greek Street,
• Komsomol Street – Yevpatoriya Street,
• Krasnoarmeyskaya Street - Gotfeyskaya Street,
• Kuindzhi Street - Karasevskaya Street,
• Proletarian Street - Kaffayskaya Street,
• Rose Luxembourg Street - Zemskaya Street,
• Soviet Street - Harlampiy Street. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.

From 1990 – 2000 the following streets and areas have been renamed:

• Sergo Street - Jacob Gugel' Street (in Ordzhonikidzevsky borough) - in honour of the head of construction and the first director of "Azovstal",
• Republic Lane - University Street (in city centre),
• Constitution Square - Mashinostroiteley (“Mechanical engineers”) Square,
• Square near to "Neptune" swimming pool – Nezavisimosti (“Independence”) Square. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.

See also - List of streets and squares of Mariupol.

Parks

City garden in the winter

• City Square (« the Theatrical Square »),
• Extreme Park (new attractions near to the biggest in city of the Palace of Culture of Metallurgists),
• Gurov's Meadow-park (former Meadow-park a name of the 200-anniversary of Mariupol),
• City Garden (Горсад, « Children's Central Public Garden»),
• Veselka Park (Ordzhonikidzevsky borough),
• Azovstal Park (Ordzhonikidzevsky borough),
• Petrovsky Park (near modern stadium “Illyichevets” and constructions of “Azovmash” basketball club, Illyichevsky borough),
• Primorsky Park (Primorsky borough).

Monuments

Mariupol. Monument to Shevchenko T. H.

Main article: Monuments of Mariupol

Mariupol has monuments to Shevchenko, Vysotsky, Kuindzhi, Lenin and many other famous persons. Monuments in honour of the liberation of Donbass, the metallurgist and others can also be found.

Lenin V. I. , Kuindzhi Arkhip, Vysotsky V. Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi (or Arkhip Kuinji, Архип Иванович Куинджи ( January 27, 1842 (? – July 24, 1910 , Shevchenko T. G. , Makar Maza, Gorban G. Yu. , Apatov K. P. , Balabukha Tolya, to seamen - commandos, pilots Semenishin V. G. and Lavitsky N. E. , soldiers of 9-th Aviation Division, victims of political reprisals of 1930-50, etc. During the Soviet system the central square of the city was decorated with a monument to Zhdanov A. A. for whom the city was named after (it was demounted in 1990). Konstantinov V. and Kuzminkov L. artists - sculptors of monuments created a monument to metropolitan Ignatiy, the founder of Mariupol.

City Holidays

Mariupol. Fireworks in day of the machine engineer

Holidays exclusive to Mariupol include:

• Day of liberation of the city from fascist aggressors (on September 10)
• Day of the city (the following Sunday after the day of liberation of Mariupol in September)
• Day of the metallurgist - a professional holiday for many citizens
• Day of the machine engineer
• Day of the seaman and other professional holidays. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.

Emblem

Main article: Coat of arms of Mariupol

The modern emblem of Mariupol was confirmed in 1989. An emblem is a pictorial Image, abstract or representational that epitomizes a Concept — e Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) It is the shield per fess wavy to argent and azure. In Heraldry, argent is the tincture of silver, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals" This article is about the heraldic tincture. For other meanings see Azure (disambiguation. In the shield is the anchor with a ring as a ladle with poured metal. An anchor is an object often made out of metal that is used to attach a ship to the bottom of a body of water at a specific point The number 1778 indicates the year of the city’s foundation. Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or The argent symbolizes steel, azure means sea, the anchor represents the port, and the ladle is for metallurgy. This article is about the heraldic tincture. For other meanings see Azure (disambiguation. This article is about the body of water For other uses see SEA and Seas. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo

Administrative division

Mariupol. Division of city.

Main article: Administrative division of Mariupol

Mariupol is divided into 4 areas or 'boroughs'. There are:

• Ilyichevsky borough (after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ) – the northern part of the city, the largest and most industrialized neighborhood in the city. Commonly known as: Zavod (“Factory”) of Ilyich.
• Ordzhonikidzevsky borough (after Sergo Ordzhonikidze) – at the east of city, on the left coast Kalmius. Grigoriy Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (გრიგოლ (სერგო ორჯონიკიძე - Grigol (Sergo Orjonikidze Russian: Григорий Константинович Common name: the Left Coast.
• Primorsky borough – in the south of the city, on the coast of the Azov Sea. The everyday name of the central part this neighborhood is simply "Port".
• Zhovtnevy borough (or Oktyabrsky – after the Great October revolution, 1917) – the central city borough. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The everyday name of the central part of the borough is simply "the Center", or "City".

The Kalmius river separates the Ordzhonekidzevsky borough from the remaining three boroughs. The population is concentrated in the Zhovtnevy and Primorsky boroughs. Ilyichevsky borough houses the large Ilyicha steel mill and the Azovmash manufacturing plant. The Ordzhonekidzevsky (Left Bank) is home to the Azovstal metallurgic combine and the Koksohim factory.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Mariupol

As of November 1, 2006, the city's population is 477. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 9 thousand inhabitants. For the last century the population has grown almost 12 times. The city is populated by Ukrainians, Russians, Greeks, Belarusians, Armenians, Jews and representatives of other nationalities. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The main language is Russian. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages

Mariupol. Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Density of population

The population in 2007 is estimated at 498,600, with the subordinated territories (settlement Sartana, settlement Talakovka, settlement Stary Krym, village Gnutovo, and village Lomakino) - 502,800. Sartana is the name of a Spaghetti western character first played by Gianni Garko and later by George Hilton. Staryi Krym (Старий Крим Старый Крым Eski Qırım is a small historical town in the Eastern Crimea, approximately 25 km (15 mi Annual reduction of the population is 1,9. The death rate is 15,5. ^[1]

Ethnic Structure

Ukrainian make less than half of the population of the city, the second greatest nationality of Mariupol is Russian. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Other peoples include Greeks, Jews, Tatar, Armenians, Belarusians etc. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Tatars ( Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic -speaking ethnic group or multiple ethnic groups The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also The city home to the largest Greek population in Ukraine ("Greeks of Priazovye"): 21,900, with 31,400 more in the 6 nearby rural areas, totaling to about 70% of the Greek population of the area and 60% for the country. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions

Language Structure

There are a large number of Greek-speaking people but the city is predominantly Russian-speaking. From 60% up to 80% Ukrainian-language dwellers communicate on so-called Surzhyk. Surzhyk (суржик originally meaning ‘flour or bread made from mixed grains’ e Most Greek-speaking villages in the region speak a dialect related to Pontic Greek, and apparently derived from the dialect of the original settlers from the Crimea. Pontic Greek is a form of the Greek language originally spoken in the Pontus area on the southern shores of the Black Sea, and today mainly in Greece One village speaks Pontic proper, being settled from the Pontos in the 19th century. The Crimean Greeks who had shifted linguistically to Turkic speak a variant known as Urum. Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in Diaspora communities world

Employment

About 59% of the people whose occupation is in a national economy work in the industry, 11% of them in transportation. The official rate of unemployment is 0. 46%, one of the smallest in the country, the actual number is a little more.

Geography & Ecology

Geography

Mariupol is to the south of the Donetsk area, on the coast of the Azov Sea, in a mouth of the river Kalmius. The city occupies an area of 166. 0 km (103. 1 mi) ² (64 mi²) (with suburbs, i. e. the territories subordinated to the Mariupol city council – 244. 0 km (151. 6 mi) ² (94. 2 mi²)). The down-town area is 106. 0 km (65. 9 mi) ² (40. 9 mi²), the area of parks and gardens is 80. 6 km (50. 1 mi) ² (31. 1 mi²). The city is mainly built on land that is made of solonetzic chernozems, with a significant amount of underground subsoil waters that frequently leads to landslides.

Climate

There is a moderate-continental climate with recurring droughts and dry winds in the summer and thawing weather, fogs - in the winter. Annual precipitation is 400 mm (15. 75 in) a year. Agro climatic conditions allow the cultivation in suburbs of Mariupol thermophilic agricultural crops with long vegetative periods (sunflower, melons, grapes etc). However water resources in the region are insufficient, and consequently ponds and water basins are used for the needs of the population and industry.

Direction of a wind in the winter mainly east, in the summer - northern.

Average temperature of air in January +41. 4°F ( 5. 2 °C), in July +82. 4°F (+ 28 °C). Quantity of deposits – 450 mm annually.

Absolute maximum of temperature of air in the summer is +113°F (+45°C); a minimum in the winter is -25. 6°F (-32°C).

Ecology

Main article: Ecology in Mariupol

Mariupol. Pollution of urban territory

Mariupol wins first place in Ukraine on volumes of emissions of harmful substances by the industrial enterprises. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Last years ecology problems have started to be engaged by leading enterprises of city. For last 15 years industrial emissions thus have decreased almost in 2 times.

Due to the stable work of the majority of the large enterprises, the city constantly collides with environmental problems. At the end of 1970s, Zhdanov (Mariupol) by quantity of industrial emissions in an atmosphere occupied third place in the USSR (after Novokuznetsk and Magnitogorsk). The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Novokuznetsk (Новокузне́цк is a city in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia with a population of 549870 ( 2002 Census) Magnitogorsk (Магнитогóрск roughly translated as magnet-mountain city) is a mining and industrial city located by the Ural River in In 1989 by all enterprises of city it had 5,215 sources of atmospheric pollution producing 752,900 tones of harmful substances a year (about 98% from metallurgical enterprises and "Markokhim"). Even during some easing activity of the industry in the state (the middle of 1990s) of maximum-permissible concentrations (maximum concentration limit) many pollution limits of the environment have been exceeded:

• For ammonia by 1. Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor 3 times
• For phenol by 1. Phenol, is a toxic colourless Crystalline Solid with a sweet tarry odor commonly referred to as a "hospital smell" 3 times
• For formaldehyde by 2. Formaldehyde is a Chemical compound with the formula H2CO It is the simplest Aldehyde —an organic compound containing a terminal Carbonyl 0 times

In the residential areas adjoining industrial giants, concentrations of benzapiren and (cancerogen) changes to within of 6-9 times the maximum concentration limits, fluoric hydrogen, ammonia and formaldehyde - 2-3 to 5 times the maximum concentration limits, dust and oxides of carbon, hydrogen sulphide are 6 to 8 times the maximum concentration limits, and dioxides of nitrogen are 2 to 3 times the maximum concentration limits. Hydrogen sulfide (or hydrogen sulphide) is the Chemical compound with the formula H 2 S. It has exceeded the maximum concentration limit on phenol by 17x, and benzapiren till 13 to 14x!

Not absolutely thought over arrangement of platforms for construction of Azovstal and Markokhim (the economy in transport charges was assumed, both during construction in 30th, and during the subsequent operation) has led to that the wind rose basically carries all emissions in the central areas of Mariupol. Intensity of these winds and geographical "flatness" of a relief that long time pollutions does not allow to accumulate a little saves the situation.

The Sea of Azov near the city is in distress. The catch of fish in the area was reduced by orders of magnitude over the last 30-40 years.

The nature protection activity of leading enterprises in Mariupol cost millions of hrivnas, but it appears to have little effect on the environmental problems built up in the city over the years.

Government & Politics

Main article: Politics in Mariupol

Mariupol. Support of Ukrainian President Viktor Yuschenko on 2004 election by city boroughs

The city council was generated in city. The head of one is city mayor. The Mariupol peoples traditionally support the left and pro-Russian political forces. On last parliamentary elections (2006) city has voted for Party of Regions - 39,72 % of voices, Socialist Party of Ukraine – 20,38 % of voices, Natalia Vitrenko Block - 9,53 % of voices, Communist Party of Ukraine - 3,29 % of voices. The Party of Regions (Партія регіонів rɛɦi'ɔniu̯ Партия регионов is a Ukrainian Political party created in March 2001 The Socialist Party of Ukraine ( Ukrainian: Sotsialistychna Partiya Ukrainy) is a Socialist political party in Ukraine. The Communist Party of Ukraine (Комуністична партія України Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny) is a Political party in Ukraine

Mayor of city (chairman, "head", cities and chairman of executive committee of city council) - Khotlubey Yury Yuryevich.

Mariupol in Supreme Soviet (Rada) of Ukraine is represented by 4 People's Deputies:

• Boyko V. S. - the chapter (head) of the board Ilyich Mariupol Iron and Steel Works, the hero of Ukraine. Overview The works produces the hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel of wide assortment including for ship building oil pipeline boring gas pipeline and water-pipes
• Matvienkov S. A. - the representative Ilyich Mariupol Iron and Steel Works
• Livshic A. Overview The works produces the hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel of wide assortment including for ship building oil pipeline boring gas pipeline and water-pipes P. - the representative of “Azovstal Iron and Steel Works”
• Savchuk A. V. - the representative of Machine-building Concern “Azovmash”

The city traditionally supports the left and pro-Russian political forces. In the presidential elections of 2004 the city voted for Yanukovich V. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych ( Ukrainian: Viktor Fedorovyč Janukovyč; Виктор Фёдорович Янукович (born on July 9, 1950 F. and (91. 1%), Yushchenko V. Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko ( Ukrainian: Viktor Andrijovyč Juščenko) (born February 23 1954) is the third and current President of A. (5. 93%). Tendencies on parliamentary elections of 2006 can change a little aside reduction of support of the Party of Regions (which leader Yanukovich V. Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych ( Ukrainian: Viktor Fedorovyč Janukovyč; Виктор Фёдорович Янукович (born on July 9, 1950 F. , that is connected to a position of chairman of board of the Ilyich Mariupol steel and iron works Boyko V. Overview The works produces the hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel of wide assortment including for ship building oil pipeline boring gas pipeline and water-pipes S. and his participation at the future elections under lists of Socialist party of Ukraine.

In City Council fraction is the "Party of Regions" numerically prevails, in second place – fraction. " Socialist party of Ukraine "

Economy

Industry

Main article: Industry of Mariupol

In Mariupol there are 56 industrial enterprises of various patterns of ownership. The industry of city diversified with prevalence of the heavy industry. The largest enterprises: Ilyich Iron and Steel Works, "Azovstal", Concern "Azovmash ", the Mariupol Sea Trading Port and others. Overview The works produces the hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel of wide assortment including for ship building oil pipeline boring gas pipeline and water-pipes Mariupol is home to major steel mills (including some globally-important) and chemical plants, also an important seaport and a railroad junction. Steel Mill was one of Bruce Springsteen 's early bands and performed regularly on the Jersey Shore, in Virginia, and also in California from 1969 The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals Notable shipyards, fish canneries, metallurgy-related education and science institutions are also present. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Metallurgy is a domain of Materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their

The total amount of industrial production of city for 8 months in 2005 (January - August) was 21,378. 2 million hryvnas, i. e. 4. 233 billion USD (in 1999 - 6,169. 806 million hryvnas, i. e. 1. 222 billion USD). Amounts for this parameter in Donetsk oblast are 37. 5%. The leading business is ferrous metallurgy. The history of ferrous metallurgy began far back in Prehistory, most likely with the use of Iron from Meteorites The Smelting of iron in Its income in city volume of industrial production is 93. 5%.

• Open Society " Ilyich Mariupol steel and iron works " ("Mariupol Metallurgical Combine named Ilyich") is the metallurgical enterprise of Ukraine second in sizes (after " Krivorozhstal "), the largest enterprise of a national economy of Donbass and, one of the largest exporters of Ukraine, the enterprise has a full metallurgical cycle. Overview The works produces the hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel of wide assortment including for ship building oil pipeline boring gas pipeline and water-pipes Donets Basin, also known as Donbas or Donbass (Донецький басейн usually abbreviated to Донбас translit

Ilyich Mariupol steel and iron works is the collective property of a society of tenants ("Joint-Stock Company " Ilyich-steel ""; with about 37,000 workers - shareholders). Overview The works produces the hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel of wide assortment including for ship building oil pipeline boring gas pipeline and water-pipes The head of board of enterprise - the People's Deputy, the hero of Ukraine Boyko Vladimir Semenovich. The enterprise has structural divisions: management of public catering and trade ("УОПТ", a network of 52 enterprises), a chemist's network "Ilyich-Pharm", more than 50 agro shops (former collective farms of the south of Donetsk and Zaporozhye areas), Komsomol Mines office, the machine-building enterprises (including in the Cherkassy area), airport "Mariupol", the Mariupol city TV ("MTV") etc. More than 92,000 workers work in enterprise (as of the end of 2005). This totals 6 million tones of iron, 7 million tones of steel, 5. 3 million tones of rolled iron, and 13. 5 million tones of agglomerate annually.

• Open Society " Azovstal " - metallurgical enterprise ("Combine"), a monopoly in Ukraine on release of some names in metal rolling, the enterprise has a full metallurgical cycle. The general director is Bely Aleksey.

On a level of gross revenue, Azovstal takes the third place among the metallurgical enterprises of Ukraine, totaling 6 million tones of pig-iron, 7 million tones of steel and 4. 5 million tones of rolled iron annually. It is closely connected with Mariupol cokes factory " Markokhim " (prevailing the part of production which is consumed by Azovstal)

• Open Society " Concern " Azovmash " " - the largest machine-building enterprise of Ukraine (city of Mariupol), specializing in production of equipment for mining-metallurgical complexes, tanks-cars, port cranes, boilers, fuel-fillers etc. The President is Savchuk Aleksandr. The enterprise formally belonged to the state, but actually - " System Capital Management " (A Donetsk financial and economic group led by Akhmetov Rinat).

• Azov ship-repair factory ("АСРЗ") is the largest enterprise of its class on the Sea of Azov (city of Mariupol). The enterprise is subordinated " System Capital Management " (Donetsk financial and economic group led by Akhmetov Rinat).

• Open Society " Mariupol sea trading port " - (city of Mariupol) largest in East Ukraine, makes sea transportations of coal, metal, production of mechanical engineering, ore, grain from Donetsk, Kharkov, Lugansk and the nearby areas of Ukraine, Russia.

• Azov sea shipping company (since 2003 of Open Company " Merchant marine fleet of Donbass ") – an already gone bankrupt enterprise which was formerly carrying out sea transportations from ports on the Sea of Azov (Mariupol, Berdyansk, Taganrog). Berdyansk (Бердянськ translit Berdyans’k, Бердянск Berdyansk) is a Port City in the Zaporizhia Oblast Taganrog (Таганро́г təgʌnˈrok is a seaport city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of Taganrog The property (as of 2003 – was officially) "System Capital Management" (Donetsk financial and economic group led by Akhmetov Rinat).

The free economic zone Azov is located near Mariupol.

Transportation

Mariupol. Routes of urban electric transports

Mariupol. Streams of urban transports

Main article: Transport of Mariupol

In city there are buses, trolley buses, trams, fixed-route taxi. Mariupol is connected by the railway, sea transport and the airport with many cities, ports and the countries of the world.

• Urban electric transport ("MTTU", Mariupol Tram-trolleybus management):
  • A trams, street-cars (since 1933) - 12 routes (machines of type КТМ-5 and КТМ-8 work),
  • Trolley buses (since 1970) - 14 routes (machines of type: Skoda 14Тr, ZIU-10, ZIU-9, YuMZ T-1, YuMZ T-2). Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• Buses - mainly the private minibuses which are carrying out transportation in city, on suburban and long-distance routs.
• Road service station (which includes transportations to Taganrog, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar, Kiev, Odessa, Yalta, Dnepropetrovsk are carried out etc. Taganrog (Таганро́г təgʌnˈrok is a seaport city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of Taganrog Rostov (Росто́в Old Norse: Rostofa is one of the oldest towns in Russia and an important tourist centre of the so called Golden Krasnodar (Краснода́р is a city in Southern Russia on the Kuban River. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates Yalta (Ялта Yalta is a city in Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea. Dnipropetrovsk (Дніпропетровськ Днепропетро́вск Dnepropetrovsk; formerly Yekaterinoslav, ru Екатериносла́въ is ) and a suburban auto station (with routes mainly to Pershotravnevy, Volodarsky and areas of Donetsk oblast). Donetsk Oblast (Донецька область Donets’ka oblast’; also referred to as Donechchyna — Донеччина is an oblast (province
• Railway station "Mariupol ". The city is connected by the railway to Donbass (the Direction of trains being: Moscow, Kiev, Lvov, Saint Petersburg, Minsk, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kharkov, Poltava, Slavyansk). Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers Bryansk01jpg|thumb|left|200px|Forest Museum in Bryansk]]Ziu-9 Bryansk 2056 Voronezh (Воро́неж) is a large city in southwestern Russia not far from Ukraine. Kharkiv or Kharkov (Харків Харьков is the second largest city in Ukraine. Poltava (Полтава Połtawa is a City in central Ukraine. Slavyansk may refer to Sloviansk, a town in Donetsk Oblast Ukraine Slavyansk-na-Kubani, a town in Krasnodar Krai Russia
• A marina in the aria of sea trading port.
• International airport Mariupol (the property Ilyich Mariupol steel and iron works). Mariupol International Airport (Міжнародний аеропорт "Маріуполь" Международный аэропорт "Мариуполь" Overview The works produces the hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel of wide assortment including for ship building oil pipeline boring gas pipeline and water-pipes

Construction

Mariupol. The standard nine-floor house

Industrial construction prevails. Mass building of inhabited quarters in city has terminated in 80th years of XX century. Mainly the comfortable habitation is under construction now. The construction organizations of city for 9 months 2005 execute volume of contract civil and erection works on 304. 4 million hrivnas ($60 million). Densities of city on this parameter in city - 22,1 %.

Communications

In city all leading Ukrainian operators of mobile communications work. During Soviet time in city 10 automatic telephone exchanges worked, 6 digital automatic telephone exchanges recently were added.

See also – Postal indeces of Mariupol.

Finances

The GDP of the city in 2004 was 22,769,400 hryvnas ($4,510,400); they listed in the state budget of Ukraine 83,332,000 hryvnas ($16,507,400). The hryvnia, sometimes hryvnya or (incorrectly hryvna or hrivna (гривня ˈɦrɪu̯nʲɑ sign: ₴, code: The city is one of the largest donors to the state budget of Ukraine (after Kiev and Zaporozhye). Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Zaporizhia, also referred to as Zaporozhye (Запоріжжя translit

The GPA of the city is 1,262. 04 hryvnas (≈US$250. 00) a month - one of the highest in the country. The average pension in the city is 423. 15 hryvnas ($83. 82). Commercial debts in the city were reduced for 2005 to 1. 1% and made 5. 1 million hryvnas ($1. 01 million).

Income from rendered services for 9 months in 2005 where 860. 4 million hryvnas ($107. 4 million) and the volume of retail trade for the same term was 838. 7 million hryvnas ($166. 1 million). The enterprises of the city for 9 months of 2005 received a positive financial result (profit) of 3. 2 billion hryvnas ($634 million), which is 23. 6% more than the previous year (2004).

Culture

Cultural Institutions

Theatre in the evening

Theatres:

• Donetsk regional Russian drama theatre. Donetsk Regional Russian Theatre of Drama (Донецький обласний російський драматичний театр Донецкий областной русский In 2003 the oldest theater of region has celebrated the 125-anniversary. The talented collective of actors among which 2 folk and the 2 honoured artists of Ukraine work in a theater. For contribution to spiritual education of theatre in 2000 became the laureate of the competition «Gold scythian».
• Theatre of dolls (it is created in 1999)

Cinemas:

• Burevesnik
• Komsomolets (“Komsomoler”)
• Lukov cinema
• Pobeda (“Victory”)
• Savona
• Soyuz (“Union”)
• Yubileyny (“Anniversary”)

Mariupol at night

Palaces of Culture (Recreation centres) (together with so-called clubs - 16 units):

• Metallurgov (“Metalurgists”) of Ilyich Steel & Iron Works
• Azovstal of Azovstal Steel & Iron Works
• Iskra (“Spark”) of Azovmash machine-builder Concern
• Markokhim of former Mariupol Coke Factory
• Moryakov (“Sea-folk”)
• Stroitel (“Builder”)
• Palace of child's and youth art (“Palace of Youth”)
• City Palace of Culture

Showrooms & museums:

• Mariupol Museum of Regional
• Kuindzhi Art Exhibition
• Museum of ethnography (in the past the museum of Andrey Zhdanov)
• Museum of Literary
• Harbarbond
• Museum halls of the industrial enterprises and their divisions, establishments and the organizations of city and so on. Overview The works produces the hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel of wide assortment including for ship building oil pipeline boring gas pipeline and water-pipes

Libraries (only 35 units):

• Korolenko Central Library;
• Gorky Central Children’s Library;
• Serafimovich Library (The oldest library of city);
• And also: Gaydar Library, Gonchar Library, Grushevsky Library, Krupskaya Library, Kuprin Library, Lesya Ukrainka Library, Marshak Library, Morozov Library, Novikov-Priboy Library, Pushkin Library, Svetlov Library, Turgenev Library, Franko Library, Chekhov Library, Chukovsky Library, the libraries of industrial enterprises, establishments and the organizations of city.

In the environs of city on the shore of Sea of Azov the monument of archaeology is opened neolithic burial ground of end of the third millennium AD. During excavations here it is discovered over 120 skeletons. Near them stone and bone instruments and beads are found, shell-works the shellfishes, teeth of animal.

Art & Literature

Creative organizations of artists, union of journalists of Mariupol, the literary union «Azovye» (from a 1924, about 100 members) and others. Works of Mariupol poets and writers: N. Berilov, A. Belous, G. Moroz, A. Shapurmi, A. Savchenko, V. Kior, N. Harakoz, L. Kiryakov, L. Belozerova, P. Bessonov, A. Zaruba are written in the Russian, Ukrainian, Greek languages. Presently 10 members of National Union of writers of Ukraine live in a city.

Religious Communities

• 11 churches of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchy.
• 3 churches of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kiev Patriarchy.
• 52 various religious communities.

A city is decorated by the St. Nicol Cathedral (in Zhovtnevy borough) and churches of city:

• St. Nicolas (Primorsky borough)
• St. Michael (Ordzhonikidzevsky borough)
• St. Preobrazheniye (“Transfiguration”) (Primorsky borough)
• St. Ilya (Ilyichevsky borough)
• St. Uspensky (Ordzhonikidzevsky borough)
• St. Vladimir (Ordzhonikidzevsky borough)
• St. Amvrosy Optinsky (Illyichevsky borough, Volonterobvka)
• St. Varlampy (Illyichevsky borough, Mirny)
• St. George (Illyichevsky borough, Sartana)
• Nativity of the Virgin Mary (Illyichevsky borough, Talakovka)
• St. Boris & Gleb (Prymorsky borough, Moryakov)

Media & Entertainment

More than 20 local newspapers work, including:

• «Priazovsky Rabochy» («Priazovsky worker»)
• «Mariupolskaya Zhizn» («Mariupol life»)
• «Mariupolskaya Nedelya» («Mariupol week»)
• «Ilyichevets»
• «Azovstalets»
• «Azovsky Moryak» («Azov Seaman»)
• «Azovsky Mashinostroitel» («Azov Machine-builder») etc.

12 wireless stations, 7 regional televisional companies and channels:

• Broadcasting Company «Sigma»
• Broadcasting Company «MTV» («Mariupol television»)
• Broadcasting Company «TV 7»
• Broadcasting Company «Inter-Mariupol»
• Broadcasting Company «Format» and others

Retransmitting about 15 state channels («Inter», «1+1», «STB», «NTN», «5 Channel», «ICTV», «First National TV», «New Channel», TV Company «Ukraine» etc. ).

Tourism & Recreation

A tourists interest of mainly coast of Sea of Azov. Around of city the strip of resort settlements was pulled: Melekino, Urzuf, Yalta, Sedovo, Bezymennoye, Sopino, Belosaray Kosa etc. Travel companies work («Azov-voyag-tour», «Azovintur»,«Limpopo» and others).

The first sanatoriums are opened in a city in 1926. Along a sea here during 16 the narrow bar of sandy beaches stretches to the one km. Temperature of water in summer +22 - +24°C. Duration of bathing season 120 days.

Sports

The world famous swimmer lives in city the Olympic Champion, the World champion and the Europe Aleksandr Sidorenko. Aleksandr Sidorenko (born May 27, 1960 in Mariupol) is a former Individual medley swimmer from USSR.

The city's steel industry (Ilyich Steel & Iron Works ) sponsors the FC Illychivets Mariupol football club, currently playing in the Ukrainian First League, the second division of the Ukrainian national championship. Overview The works produces the hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel of wide assortment including for ship building oil pipeline boring gas pipeline and water-pipes Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Ukrainian First League 2008-09 Teams In 2008-09 season the Ukrainian First League consists of the following teams Top 3 Finishers Promoted teams are in bold

Water polo team «Ilyichevets» is the absolute champion of Ukraine. It has won the Ukrainian championship for 10 times. Every year it plays in the European Chempion Cup and Russian championship.

Azovstal' Canoeing Club on the river Kalmius. The Kalmius (Кальміус is one of two Rivers flowing through the Ukrainian city of Mariupol. Vitaly Epishkin - 3rd place in World Cup on 200m K-2.

Azovmash Basket-ball club and "Ilichevets" Water-polo club are champions of Ukraine. Azovmash Mariupol is a Ukrainian Basketball clubIt was founded in 1990 in the city of Mariupol in South-Eastern Ukraine. Serious successes were obtained by school of the Mariupol boxing, Greek-Roman fighting, artistic gymnastics and other types of sport

Sport building of city (only 585):

• «Ilyichevets» stadium
• «Azovstal» sports complex
• «Azovets» stadium (in the past the «Locomotive»)
• «Azovmash» sports complex
• «Sadko» Sports complex
• «Vodnik» Sports complex
• «Neptune» public pool
• «Azovstal» chess club etc.

Education

Main article: Education in Mariupol

81 general educational establishment work, including: 67 comprehensive schools (where 48 500 pupils study), 2 grammar schools, 3 lyceums, 4 evening replaceable schools, 3 boarding schools, 2 private schools, 11 professional educational institutions (6 274 pupils), 94 children's preschool establishments (12 700 children).

3 higher educational establishments:

• Priazovsky State Technical University
• Mariupol Humanitarian University
• Azovsky Institute of marine transport

Public organizations

There are about 300 public associations, including 22 trade-union organizations, representation about 40 political parties, 16 youth, 4 female organizations, 37 associations of veterans and invalids, 134 national & cultural societies.

General consulate of Republic Greece in Mariupol. General consulate of Republic Cyprus in Mariupol.

Health Service

Main article: Health Service in Mariupol

There are 70 medical, medical-health and medical establishments in a city — hospitals, policlinics, the station of blood transfusion, station of urgent medicare, sanatoriums, sanatoriums-preventive clinics regional center of social maintenance of pensionaries and invalids, city centers: gastroenterology, thoracal surgery, bleedings, pancreatic, microsurgery of eye. Central pool-hospital on a water-carriage etc.

Famous Mariupolers

• Andrei Zhdanov, Soviet politician
• Arkhip Kuindzhi, Russian landscape painter
• Alexander Sacharoff, Russian dancer, teacher, and choreographer. Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov (Андре́й Алекса́ндрович Жда́нов ( Mariupol', &ndash August 31, 1948 A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi (or Arkhip Kuinji, Архип Иванович Куинджи ( January 27, 1842 (? – July 24, 1910 Alexander Sakharoff (Александр Сахаров also spelled Sakharov and Sacharoff, May 13 1886 - September 25, The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries

The name of city in other languages

References

External links

• Mariupol ethnonimic names
• (Russian) Mariupol' city portal
• (English) Ilyich Mariupol steel and iron works