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The Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg, Russia
The Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg, Russia

The Mariinsky Theatre (Russian: Мариинский театр, also spelled Maryinsky Theatre) is a historic theatre of opera and ballet in St Petersburg, Russia. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Opened in 1860, it became the preeminent music theatre of late 19th century Russia, where many of the stage masterpieces of Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov received their premieres. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov ( Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov) also Nikolay Since Yuri Temirkanov's retirement in 1988, the conductor Valery Gergiev has served as its general director. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Yuri Khatuevich Temirkanov (Ю́рий Хату́евич Темирка́нов Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Valery Abisalovich Gergiev (Гергиты Абисалы фырт Валери

Contents

Name

The theatre is named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna, wife of Tsar Alexander II. Marie of Hesse and by Rhine ( 8 August, 1824 - 8 June, 1880) was a princess of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and as Maria Alexandrovna Alexander (Aleksandr II Nikolaevich (Александр II Николаевич ( Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St There is a bust of the Empress in the main entrance foyer. The name has changed throughout its history, reflecting the political climate of the time:

From To Russian English
1860
1920
 Императорский Мариинский театр Imperial Mariinsky Theatre
1920
1935
 Государственный академический театр оперы и балета State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet
1935
1992
 Государственный академический театр оперы и балета имени С. М. Кирова Kirov State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet
1992
Present
 Государственный aкадемический Мариинский театр State Academic Mariinsky Theatre

The theatre building is commonly called the Mariinsky Theatre. The companies that operate within it have for brand recognition purposes retained the famous Kirov name, acquired during the Soviet era to commemorate the assassinated Leningrad Communist Party leader, Sergey Kirov (1886-1934). A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of Sergei Mironovich Kirov (Серге́й Миро́нович Ки́ров ( &ndash December 1, 1934) was a prominent early Bolshevik leader whose assassination

Origins

The Imperial opera and ballet theatre in St Petersburg was established in 1783 at the behest of Catherine the Great, although an Italian ballet troupe had performed at the Russian court since the early 18th century. Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years Originally, the ballet and opera performances were given in the wooden Karl Knipper Theatre on Tsaritsa Meadow, near the present-day Tripartite Bridge (also known as the Little Theatre or the Maly Theatre). Knipper Theatre, Kniper Theatre or Knieper Theatre (Театр Карла Книпера was the venue of a German theatrical troupe led by Karl Kniper Tripartite Bridge or Three-Arched Bridge ( Russian: Трехколенный мост, Трехарочный мост, or Тройной The Hermitage Theatre, next door to the Winter Palace, was used to host performances for an elite audience of aristocratic guests invited by the Empress. The Hermitage Theatre ( Эрмитажный театр, Ermitazhnïy teatr) in Saint Petersburg, Russia is one of five Hermitage See also The movie Russian Ark, an innovative single shot walkthrough with period reenactments spanning three hundred years of court meetings

A permanent theatre building for the new company of opera and ballet artists was designed by Antonio Rinaldi and opened in 1783. Antonio Rinaldi ( 1710 - April 10 1794) was an Italian Architect, trained by Luigi Vanvitelli, who worked mainly in Known as the Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre the structure was situated on Theatre Square. The Saint Petersburg Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre (Большой Каменный театр was a theatre in Saint Petersburg. Both names were coined to distinguish it from the wooden Little Theatre: "Kamenny" is the Russian word for "stone" and "Bolshoi" is the Russian word for "big". In 1836, the Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre was renovated to a design by Albert Cavos (son of Catterino Cavos, an opera composer), and served as the principal theatre of the Imperial Ballet and opera. Catterino Albertovich Cavos also Catarino Camillo Cavos or Katerino Al'bertovič Kavos (Катери́но Альбе́ртович Каво́с born October The Mariinsky Ballet, is an internationally renowned Classical ballet company based at the Mariinsky Theatre in St Petersburg, Russia.

The stage of the Mariinsky Theatre with Alexandre Golovine's luxury curtain of 1914
The stage of the Mariinsky Theatre with Alexandre Golovine's luxury curtain of 1914

On 29 January 1849, the Equestrian circus (Конный цирк) opened on Theatre Square. A circus is most commonly a traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, Clowns trained animals trapeze acts Hoopers, tightrope walkers This was also the work of the architect Cavos. The building was designed to double as a theatre. [1] It was a wooden structure in the then-fashionable neo-Byzantine style. Ten years later, when this circus burnt down, Cavos rebuilt it as an opera and ballet house with the largest stage in the world. With a seating capacity of 1,625 and a U-shaped Italian-style auditorium, the theatre opened on 2 October 1860 with a performance of A Life for the Tsar. An auditorium (plural auditoriums, or less commonly auditoria) is the area within a theatre, Concert hall, or other performance space where the Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting A Life for the Tsar ( Жизнь за царя, Zhizn' za tsarya) as it is known in English although its original name was Ivan Susanin ( The new theatre was named Mariinsky after its royal patroness, Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Marie of Hesse and by Rhine ( 8 August, 1824 - 8 June, 1880) was a princess of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and as Maria Alexandrovna

Leading Role

The Imperial Mariinsky Theatre and its predecessor, the Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, hosted the premieres of many of the operas of Mikhail Glinka, Modest Mussorgsky, and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Михаи́л Ива́нович Гли́нка ( –) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition inside his own country Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (Моде́ст Петро́вич Му́соргский Modest Petrovič Musorgskij) ( March 21 March 9 1839 &ndash March At the behest of the theatre director Ivan Vsevolozhsky, both the Imperial Ballet and the Imperial Opera were relocated to the Mariinsky Theatre in 1886, as the Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre was considered unsafe. Ivan Alexandrovich Vsevolozhsky (Иван Александрович Всеволожский 1835&ndash1909 was the Director of the Imperial Theatres in Russia The Mariinsky Ballet, is an internationally renowned Classical ballet company based at the Mariinsky Theatre in St Petersburg, Russia. It was there that the renowned choreographer Marius Petipa presented many of his masterpieces, including such staples of the ballet repertory as the The Sleeping Beauty in 1890, The Nutcracker in 1892, Raymonda in 1898, and the definitive revival of Swan Lake (with Lev Ivanov) in 1895. See also Marius Ivanovich Petipa (Мариус Иванович Петипа (born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa on 11 March 1818 in Marseille, Kingdom The Sleeping Beauty ( Спящая Красавица, Spyashchaya Krasavitsa) is a Ballet in a prologue and three acts Opus 66 by Pyotr The Nutcracker (Щелкунчик Shchelkunchik) Op 71 is a Fairy tale - Ballet in two acts three scenes by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Raymonda ( Раймонда, the name of a main character is a Ballet in three acts four scenes with an Apotheosis, choreographed by Marius Petipa Swan Lake ( Лебединое Озеро, Lebedinoye Ozero) is a Ballet, op See also Lev Ivanovich Ivanov (1834 &ndash 1901 was a Russian Ballet Dancer and Choreographer and later Second Balletmaster

When the theatre was designated as principal venue of the Imperial Ballet and Opera in 1886, the theatre was extensively renovated. A lavish inauguration celebration was given at the behest of Emperor Alexander III, in which the first original ballet to be produced at the Mariinsky was given—Petipa's Les Pilules magiques, to the music of Ludwig Minkus. Alexander III Alexandrovich ( 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) (Александр III Александрович reigned as Emperor Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance The Magic Pills ( Les Pilules magiques) is a " Ballet -Féerie" in 3 acts/13 scenes with choreography by Marius Petipa and music by Ludwig Minkus (Людвиг Минкус aka Léon Fyodorovich Minkus (born Aloisius Ludwig Minkus on March 23, 1826 in Velké Meziříčí

World premieres of Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov, Rimsky-Korsakov's The Golden Cockerel, Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades and Iolanthe, Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet and Cinderella, and Khachaturian's Spartacus were also produced there. Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (Моде́ст Петро́вич Му́соргский Modest Petrovič Musorgskij) ( March 21 March 9 1839 &ndash March Boris Godunov ( Борис Годунов, original Orthography Борисъ Годуновъ, Borís Godunóv) is an Opera by Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov ( Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov) also Nikolay The Golden Cockerel ( Золотой Петушок, Zolotoy Petushok) is an Opera in three acts (with short prologue and even shorter epilogue Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri, is a Comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (Серге́й Серге́евич Проко́фьев Sergéj Sergéjevič Prokófjev) ( - 5 March 1953 was a Russian composer who Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written early in the Cinderella ( French: Cendrillon, Slovak: Popoluška, German: Aschenputtel, Spanish: Cenicienta Aram Khachaturian ( Armenian: Արամ Խաչատրյան Aram Xačatryan; Russian: Аpaм Ильич Xaчaтypян Aram Il'ič Hačaturjan Spartacus, or Spartak, is a Ballet by Aram Khachaturian (1903-1978

The imperial and Soviet theater was the home of numerous great impresarios, conductors, and musicians. The Vaganova Academy of Russia Ballet, the ballet school of the Mariinksy Theatre, spawned careers of Mathilde Kschessinskaya, Olga Preobrajenskaya, Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, Marina Semenova, George Balanchine, Galina Ulanova, Rudolf Nureyev, Natalia Makarova, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Irina Kolpakova, Galina Mezentseva, Altynai Asylmuratova, and in more recent times dancers of renown like Diana Vishneva, and Svetlana Zakharova. The Vaganova Ballet Academy is probably the most famous and influential Classical ballet school in the world Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance Mathilde Kschessinskaya (Матильда Феликсовна Кшесинская family origin Matylda Krzesińska ( 19 August 1872 (O Olga Iosifovna Preobrajenska (Russian Ольга Иосифовна Преображенская Ol'ga Iosifovna Preobrazhenskaya) ( &ndash 27 December Anna Pavlovna Pavlova (А́нна Па́вловна Па́влова (&ndash 23 January, 1931) was a famous Russian Ballerina of the late Tamara Platonovna Karsavina (10 March 1885 &ndash 26 May 1978 was a famous Russian Ballerina who eventually settled in England, where she helped found Nijinsky redirects here For other uses of the name see Nijinsky (disambiguation. Marina Timofeyevna Semyonova (Марина Тимофеевна Семёнова born in Saint-Petersburg on June 12, 1908) ( O See also List of ballets by George Balanchine, George Balanchine (January 22 1904 &ndash April 30 1983 born Giorgi Melitonis dze Balanchivadze Galina Sergeyevna Ulánova (Галина Сергеевна Уланова 8 January 1910 ( O Rudolf Khametovich Nureyev ( Tatar: Rudolf Xämät ulı Nuriev, Russian: Рудольф Хаметович Нуриев Nataliya Romanovna Makarova (born November 21, 1940) is a Soviet-Russian-born American actress and former Prima ballerina. Mikhail Nikolaevich Baryshnikov (Михаил Николаевич Барышников (born January 27, 1948) is a Soviet -born Russian Galina Sergeyevna Mezentseva (Галина Сергеевна Мезенцева born 8 November 1952, Stavropol) is an outstanding Russian Ballerina Altynai Asylmuratova (born 1961 is a former Russian leading ballerina with the Kirov Ballet / Mariinsky Theatre and a guest artist all over the world Diana Vishneva (born July 131976 is a principal Ballerina with both the Kirov Ballet in Russia and American Ballet Theatre in the Svetlana Zakharova (born 1979 principal dancer with the Bolshoi Ballet and the Teatro alla Scala, is widely considered among the greatest living Ballerinas

The Mariinsky Theatre today

Under Yuri Temirkanov, Principal Conductor from 1976 to 1988, the Opera Company continued to stage innovative productions of both modern and classic Russian operas. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Yuri Khatuevich Temirkanov (Ю́рий Хату́евич Темирка́нов However, since 1988, under the artistic leadership of Valery Gergiev, the Opera Company has entered a new era of artistic excellence and creativity. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Valery Abisalovich Gergiev (Гергиты Абисалы фырт Валери

The original Tsar's Box of the Mariinsky Theatre
The original Tsar's Box of the Mariinsky Theatre

Although functioning separately from the Theatre’s Ballet Company, both Opera and Ballet Companies are headed by Gergiev as Artistic Director of the entire Theatre. His tenure as head of the present day Opera Company at the Mariinsky Theatre began in 1988 and (especially since 1993), Gergiev’s impact on opera there has been enormous. Firstly, he reorganized the company’s operations and established links with many of the world's great opera houses, including the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, the Metropolitan Opera, the Opéra Bastille, La Scala, La Fenice, the Tel Aviv Opera, the Washington National Opera and the San Francisco Opera. WikipediaWikiProject Opera --> The Royal Opera House is an Opera house and major performing The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880 is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. L’Opéra de la Bastille (Bastille Opera is a modern Opera house in Paris, France. The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was Teatro La Fenice ("The Phoenix " is an Opera house in Venice, Italy. The Washington National Opera ( WNO) is a world-class opera company in Washington D San Francisco Opera (SFO is the second largest Opera company in North America. Today, the Opera Company regularly tours to most of these cities.

Gergiev has also been innovative as far as Russian opera is concerned: in 1989 there was an all-Mussorgsky festival featuring the composer’s entire operatic output . Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (Моде́ст Петро́вич Му́соргский Modest Petrovič Musorgskij) ( March 21 March 9 1839 &ndash March Similarly, many of Prokofiev’s operas were presented from the late 1990s. Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (Серге́й Серге́евич Проко́фьев Sergéj Sergéjevič Prokófjev) ( - 5 March 1953 was a Russian composer who Operas by non-Russian composers began to be performed in their original languages, which helped the Opera Company to incorporate world trends. The annual international Stars of the White Nights Festival in St Petersburg, started by Gergiev in 1993, has also put the Mariinsky on the world’s cultural map. That year, as a salute to the imperial origins of the Mariinsky, Verdi´s La forza del destino, which received its premiere in Saint Petersburg in 1863, was produced with its original sets, costumes and scenery. La forza del destino ( The Force of Destiny) is an Italian Opera by Giuseppe Verdi. Since then, it has become a characteristic of the White Nights Festival to present the premieres from the company’s upcoming season during this magical period, when the hours of darkness practically disappear as the summer solstice approaches.

Presently, the Company lists on its roster 22 sopranos (of which Anna Netrebko may be the best known); 13 mezzo-sopranos (with Olga Borodina familiar to US and European audiences); 23 tenors; eight baritones; and 14 basses. WikipediaWikiProject_Opera#Infoboxes --> Anna Yur’yevna Netrebko (Анна Юрьевна Нетребко Olga Borodina is a leading dramatic Mezzo-soprano, known for her roles in Russian operas at her home company the Mariinsky Theatre, and for her international With Gergiev in charge overall, there is a Head of Stage Administration, a Stage Director, Stage Managers and Assistants, along with 14 accompanists.

In 2003, the post-modernist architect Dominique Perrault won a much-publicised contest for his design for a new home for the theatre, adjacent to the current building. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Dominique Perrault (1953 Clermont-Ferrand -) is a French Architect. The historic original structure has been due to undergo a complete renovation, expected to begin in Autumn 2006. As of October 2007, this has not occurred.

References

External links

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