Marie du Deffand

Marie Anne de Vichy-Chamrond, marquise du Deffand (1697 - September 23, 1780) was a French hostess and patron of the arts. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

She was born at the Château de Chamrond,^[1] in Ligny-en-Brionnais, a village near Charolles (département of Saône-et-Loire) of a noble family. Charolles is a commune of the Saône-et-Loire département, in east-central France. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Saône-et-Loire ( Sona-et-Lêre in Arpitan language is a French department, named after the Saône and the Loire Educated at a convent in Paris, she showed great intelligence and a sceptical, cynical turn of mind. A convent is a community of Priests religious brothers religious sisters or Nuns or the building used by the community particularly in the Roman Catholic Church Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The abbess, alarmed at the freedom of her views, arranged for Jean Baptiste Massillon to visit and reason with her, but he accomplished nothing. For the city in Ohio US see Massillon Ohio. Jean Baptiste Massillon ( June 24, 1663 - September 28, Her parents married her at twenty-one years of age to her kinsman, Jean Baptiste de la Lande, marquis du Deffand, without consulting her inclination. The marriage was an unhappy one, and the couple separated in 1722.

Madame du Deffand is said by Horace Walpole (in a letter to Thomas Gray) to have been for a short time the mistress of the regent, the duke of Orléans. Horace Walpole 4th Earl of Orford ( 24 September, 1717 &ndash 2 March, 1797) more commonly known as Horace Walpole, was a politician Thomas Gray ( December 26, 1716 – July 30, 1771) was an English Poet, classical scholar and professor at Cambridge Philippe II Duke of Orléans ( August 2, 1674 &ndash December 2, 1723) was a member of the royal family of France She appeared in her earlier days to be incapable of any strong attachment, but her intelligence, her cynicism and her esprit made her the centre of attraction of a brilliant circle. In 1721 began a friendship with Voltaire, but their regular correspondence dates only from 1736. Year 1721 ( MDCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French She spent much time at Sceaux, at the court of the duchesse du Maine, where she contracted a close friendship with the president Hénault. Anne-Louise-Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé duchesse du Maine ( November 8, 1676 &ndash January 23, 1753) daughter of the Prince de Condé Charles-Jean-François Hénault ( February 8, 1685 - November 24, 1770) was a French Historian. In Paris she was the rival of Mme Geoffrin, but the members of her salon were drawn from aristocratic society more than from literary circles. Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin ( June 26, 1699 - October 6, 1777) was a French hostess who played a part in French literary and There were exceptions: Voltaire, Montesquieu, Fontenelle and Madame de Staal-Delaunay were among the habitués. Charles-Louis de Secondat baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (Eng Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, also referred to as Bernard le Bouyer de Fontenelle ( 11 February 1657 &ndash 9 January 1757) was Marguerite De Launay Baronne De Staal ( August 30, 1684 - June 15, 1750) was a French Author. When Hénault introduced D'Alembert, Madame du Deffand was captivated by him. She tolerated the encyclopaedists only for his sake.

In 1752 she retired from Paris, intending to remain in the country, but she was persuaded by her friends to return. Year 1752 ( MDCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar for European countries but not Great Britain) of She had taken up residence in 1747 in apartments in the convent of Saint-Joseph in the rue Saint-Dominique, which had a separate entrance from the street. Year 1747 ( MDCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a When she lost her sight in 1754, she engaged Mademoiselle de Lespinasse to help her in entertaining. This lady's wit made some of the guests, including D'Alembert, prefer her society to that of Madame du Deffand, and Mademoiselle de Lespinasse would receive visitors for an hour before the appearance of her patron. Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse ( November 9, 1732 &ndash May 23, 1776) was a French Author. When this was discovered, Mademoiselle de Lespinasse was dismissed (1764), and the salon was broken up, for she took with her D'Alembert, Turgot and the literary clique. From this time Madame du Deffand very rarely received any literary men. The principal friendships of her later years were with the duchesse de Choiseul and with Horace Walpole, the latter becoming the strongest and longest-lasting of all her attachments. In this period, she developed qualities of style and eloquence of which her earlier writings had given little promise. In the opinion of Sainte-Beuve the prose of her letters ranks with that of Voltaire as the best of that classical epoch without excepting any even of the great writers. Saint Beuve redirects here For the eponymous saint see Beuve Abbess of Saint Pierre de Reims.

Walpole refused at first to acknowledge the closeness of their intimacy from an exaggerated fear of the ridicule attaching to her age, but he paid several visits to Paris expressly for the purpose of enjoying her society, and maintained a close and most interesting correspondence with her for fifteen years. On her death, she left her dog Tonton to the care of Walpole, who was also entrusted with her papers. Of her innumerable witty sayings the best known is her remark on the cardinal de Polignac's account of St Denis's miraculous walk of two miles with his head in his hands--Il n'y a que le premier pas qui coûte (The distance doesn't matter; it is only the first step that is the most difficult. ).

The Correspondance inédite of Madame du Deffand with D'Alembert, Hénault, Montesquieu, and others was published in Paris (2 vols. ) in 1809. Letters of the marquise du Deffand to the Hon. Horace Walpole, afterwards earl of Orford, from the year 1766 to the year 1780 (4vols. ), edited, with a biographical sketch, by Miss Mary Berry, were published in London from the originals at Strawberry Hill in 1810.

The standard edition of her letters is in the Yale Edition of Horace Walpole's Correspondence vols. 9-10, edited by Wilmarth S. Lewis. Other papers of Mme du Deffand obtained at the breaking up of Walpole's collection are in private hands. Mme du Deffand returned many of Walpole's letters at his request, and subsequently destroyed those which she received from him. Those in his possession appear to have been destroyed after his death by Miss Berry, who printed fragments from them as footnotes to the edition of 1810. The correspondence between Walpole and Madame du Deffand thus remains one-sided, but seven of Walpole's letters to her are printed for the first time in the edition (1903) of his correspondence by Mrs Paget Toynbee, who discovered a quantity of her unedited letters. See Sainte-Beuve, Causeries du lundi, vols. Saint Beuve redirects here For the eponymous saint see Beuve Abbess of Saint Pierre de Reims. i. and xiv. ; and the notice by Lescure in his edition of the correspondence.

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• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone