Maria Theresa thaler. London Mint (Hafner 63).

The Maria Theresa thaler (MTT) is a silver bullion-coin that has been used in world trade continuously since it was first minted as a thaler in 1741. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Precious Metal is the eighteenth episode in the of the popular American Crime drama, which is set in Las Vegas, Nevada. A Bullion Coin is a coin struck from Precious metal and kept as a store of value or an investment rather than used in day-to-day commerce main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review The Thaler (or Taler or Tolar) was a Silver Coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred Years Its name lives on Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year It was named after Empress Maria Theresa, who ruled Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia from 1740 to 1780. Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia see also names in other languages; May 13, 1717 November 29 1780) was the Archduchess regnant Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

Since 1780, the coin has always been dated 1780 and has been struck by the following mints: Birmingham, Bombay, Brussels, London, Paris, Rome and Utrecht, in addition to the Habsburg mints in , Günzburg, Hall, Karlsburg, Kremnica, Milan, Prague and Vienna. Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures Coins for Currency. The Birmingham Mint, a coining mint, originally known as Heaton's Mint or Ralph Heaton & Sons, in Birmingham, England started producing The India Government Mint Mumbai is one of the five mints in India is situated in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is The Royal Mint is the body permitted to manufacture or mint, coins in the United Kingdom. The Monnaie de Paris (Paris Mint) or more administratively speaking the "Direction of Coins and Medals" is an administration of the Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Utrecht ( city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. This article relates to the city in Germany For the family name see Günzburg (surname. Hall in Tirol is a city in Tyrol, Austria. It is situated 10 km east of Innsbruck in the Innsbruck-Land district at, with a population of Kremnica ( Kremnitz Körmöcbánya is a town in central Slovakia. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Between 1751 and 2000, some 389 million were minted. Year 1751 ( MDCCLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. These different mints distinguished their printings by slight alterations to the saltire, or "flower" symbol, which looks like an "X" at the top left of the reverse side of the coin. St Andrew's Cross redirects here For the item of BDSM furniture see Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross In 1946, the Vienna Mint rescinded any rights of foreign governments to issue such copies; subsequently, the Vienna Mint has produced over 49 million MTTs. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

It was one of the first coins used in the United States and probably contributed (along with the Spanish eight-bit dollar) to the choice of a dollar as the main unit of currency for the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the History Spain Following the introduction of the Guldengroschen in Austria in 1486 the concept of a large silver coin with high purity (sometimes known as "specie" The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been

Details

The thaler is 39. 5 mm in diameter and 2. 5mm thick, weighs 28. 0668 grams and contains 23. 3890 grams (0. 752 troy ounces) of fine silver. Troy weight is a system of units of Mass customarily used for Precious metals Black powder, and Gemstones Named after Troyes It has a millesimal fineness of . Millesimal fineness is a system of denoting the purity of Platinum, Gold and Silver Alloys by parts per thousand of pure metal by mass in 833.

In German-speaking countries, following a spelling reform dated 1901 which took effect two years later, "Thaler" is written "Taler" (although the spelling of "Theresia" was not affected because of Greek origin). Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Hence 20th-century references to this coin in German and Austrian sources are found under "Maria-Theresien-Taler". The spelling in English-speaking countries was not affected.

The inscription on the obverse of this coin is in Latin: "M. THERESIA D. G. R. IMP. HU. BO. REG. " The Reverse reads "ARCHID. AVST. DUX BURG. CO. TYR. 1780 X". It is an abbreviation of "Maria Theresia, Dei Gratia Romanorum Imperatrix, Hungariae Bohemiaeque Regina, Archidux Austriae, Dux Burgundiae, Comes Tyrolis. 1780 X", which means, "Maria Theresa, by the grace of God, Empress of the Romans, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, Duchess of Burgundy, Countess of Tyrol. 1780". The "X" is actually a saltire, and was added after 1750 denoting Maria Theresia's reign over the Austrian Netherlands. St Andrew's Cross redirects here For the item of BDSM furniture see Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross Around the rim of the coin is the motto of her reign: "Iustitia et Clementia", meaning "Justice and Clemency".

In Ethiopia

From the reign of Emperor Iyasu II of Ethiopia (1730-1755), the MTT is first recorded as circulated in Ethiopia. Iyasu II or Joshua II ( Ge'ez ኢያሱ 21 October 1723 &ndash 27 June 1755) was {{IPA|nəgusä nägäst}} Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1755 ( MDCCLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page ^[1] According to traveller James Bruce the coin, not debased as other currencies, dominated the areas he visited in 1768. James Bruce ( December 14, 1730 &ndash April 27, 1794) was a Scottish traveller and Travel writer who spent more than a Joseph Kalmer and Ludwig Hyun in the book Abessinien^[2] estimate that over 20% of 245 million coins minted until 1931 ended up in Abyssinia. Joseph Kalmer ( August 17 1898, Nehrybce (Nahrybka today Poland - July 9[[ 959]] Vienna) was an Austrian writer poet and translator In 1868, the British military expedition to Magdala, the capital of Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia, under Field Marshal Robert Napier, took MTTs with them to pay local expenses. The British 1868 Expedition to Abyssinia was a Punitive expedition carried out by Armed forces of the British Empire against the Ethiopian Empire Amba Mariam is a village in central Ethiopia. It was known as Magdala or Meqdela (መቅደላ meḳdelā) during the reign of Emperor Tewodros II ( Ge'ez ቴዎድሮስ also known as Theodore II) (c Field Marshal Robert Cornelis Napier 1st Baron Napier of Magdala, GCB, GCSI, CIE, FRS ( 6 December 1810 – In 1890 the Italians introduced the Tallero Eritreo, styled after the MTT, in their new colony Eritrea, also hoping to impose it on the commerce with Ethiopia. They remained, however, largely unsuccessful. In the early 1900s Menelik II unsuccessfully attempted to mint Menilek thalers locally, with his effigy, but styled following the model of the MTT, and force their use. Emperor Menelik II GCB, GCMG, ( Ge'ez ምኒልክ baptized as Sahle Maryam ( August 17, 1844 &ndash December 12 The newly established Bank of Abyssinia also issued banknotes denominated in thalers. The National Bank of Ethiopia is the Central bank of the African country of Ethiopia. A banknote (often known as a bill, paper money or simply a note) is a kind of Negotiable instrument, a Promissory note made by a Starting in 1935 the Italians minted the MTT at the mint in Rome for use in their conquest of Ethiopia. ^[3] Then during World War II, the British minted some 18 million MTTs in Bombay to use in their campaign to drive the Italians out of Ethiopia. ^[4]

The Maria Theresa thaler was also formerly the currency of Muscat and Oman. Muscat and Oman (مسقط وعمان was a country that encompassed the present day Sultanate of Oman and parts of the United Arab Emirates (UAE The coin remains popular in North Africa and the Middle East to this day in its original form: silver coin with a portrait of the buxom Empress on the front and the Habsburg Double Eagle on the back. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East.

Notes

Further reading

• Clare Semple - A Silver Legend: The Story of the Maria Theresa Thaler (Barzan Publishing, 2006) ISBN 0-9549701-0-1
• Adrian E. Tschoegl. (2001). Maria Theresa’s Thaler: A Case of International Money. Eastern Economic Journal 27 (4): 445-464.

External links

• The Maria Theresia Taler 1780 - Provides information including history, description of variants, strike dates, valuation list, medals, and forgeries.
• Overview of thaler variants