The March or Margraviate of Moravia, sometimes called the Bohemian march within the Holy Roman Empire, was a marcher state, sometimes de facto independent and varyingly within the power of the Empire or the Duchy and later Kingdom of Bohemia. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Mark from the Old English mearc and march (or various plural forms of these words derived from the Frankish word marka ("boundary" Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the The Kingdom of Bohemia (České království Königreich Böhmen Regnum Bohemiae was a country in Central Europe. It comprised the region called Moravia within the modern Czech Republic. Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia,
The march was originally established, like its fellow marches — Austria, Styria, Carniola, and Carinthia — in the first half of the tenth century on land that had formerly been part of Great Moravia, a Slav state, by the Germans. The March or Margraviate of Austria was created in 976 out of the territory that probably formed the earlier March of Pannonia. The March of Styria (Steiermark was originally broken off the Duchy of Carinthia before 970 as a buffer zone against the Magyars. The March (or Margraviate) of Carniola (Stara Kranjska Krain was an imperial estate of the Holy Roman Empire and predecessor estate of the The March of Carinthia was a frontier district (march of the Carolingian Empire created in 889 Great Moravia (see Name section was a Slavic state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century It was intended to provide a buffer against the attacks of the Magyars. Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. [1]
When the Magyar threat disappeared in the second half of the 900s, it was replaced to the north of Moravia by a new threat: that of the Bohemians. In 955, the Bohemian duke Boleslaus I allied with the Emperor Otto I to defeat the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld. Otto I the Great ( 23 November 912 &ndash 7 May 973) son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke The Battle of Lechfeld ( 10 August 955) perhaps the defining event for holding off the incursions of the Magyars into Central Europe, was a decisive Following the victory, Boleslaus received Moravia. Boleslaus I of Poland annexed Moravia in 999 and ruled it until 1019, when the Bohemian prince Bretislaus recaptured it. Upon his father's death in 1035, Bretislaus also became the ruler of Bohemia. In 1054, Bretislaus decreed that the Bohemian and Moravian lands would be inherited together by primogeniture, although he also provided that his younger sons should govern parts of Moravia as vassals to his oldest son. After that date, the march of Moravia was a Bohemian possession bestowed as a quasi-independent appanage on the younger sons of the Bohemian sovereigns. This appanage was usually held by dukes.
Because, of course, there were multiple younger sons at any given moment, the Duchy of Moravia was usually divided into two (varyingly) independent duchies (marches): Brno and Olomouc. Brno ( IPA:; Brünn is the second-largest City in the Czech Republic. Olomouc (ˈolomoʊ̯ts ( local Haná dialect Olomóc or Holomóc, German Olmütz, Polish Ołomuniec, Latin Sometimes Znojmo too was the centre of a duchy. Znojmo (ˈznojmo Znaim is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, near the border with Lower Austria. Because Bohemia was a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1182 Frederick Barbarossa intervened in Bohemian affairs to prevent any succession disputed by elevating Moravia to the status of a margraviate subject directly to the emperor. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned This status was short-lived: in 1197, Vladislaus III of Bohemia resolved the succession dispute between him and his brother Ottokar by abdicating from the Bohemian throne and accepting the margraviate of Moravia as a vassal of Bohemia. Vladislaus III Henry (Vladislav Jindřich (died August 12, 1222) was the youngest son of Vladislaus II and younger brother of Ottokar I. Ottokar I (Přemysl I Otakar c 1155 &ndash 15 December 1230) king of Bohemia (1198 &ndash 1230 was a younger son of King Vladislav II
Sources
- Semple, Ellen Churchill. "The Barrier Boundary of the Mediterranean Basin and Its Northern Breaches as Factors in History." Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 5. (1915), pp 27-59.
- Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Moravia.
Notes
- ^ Semple, 42.
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