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The March First Movement, or the Samil Movement, was one of the earliest displays of Korean independence movements during the Japanese occupation of Korea. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which The Korean independence movement grew out the Japanese occupation of Korea from 1910-1945 Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. The name refers to an event that occurred on 1 March 1919, hence the movement's name (literally meaning "Three-One Movement" in Korean). Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It is also sometimes referred to as the Manse Demonstrations. During the series of demonstrations that began that day and spread throughout Korea, 7,000 people were killed by Japanese police and soldiers. [1]
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Background
The inspiration for the Samil Movement came from the repressive nature of Japanese policies under its military administration of Korea following 1905, and the "Fourteen Points" outlining the right of national "self-determination" proclaimed by President Woodrow Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919. The Fourteen Points were listed in a speech delivered by President Woodrow Wilson of the United States to a joint session of the United Self-determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion and especially as the freedom of the people of a given Territory to determine their Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. After hearing news of Wilson’s speech, Korean students studying in Tokyo published a statement demanding Korean independence. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū.
Events
At 2 P. M. on the 1 March 1919, the 33 nationalists who formed the core of the Samil Movement convened at Taehwagwan Restaurant in Seoul, and read the Korean Declaration of Independence that had been drawn up by the historian/writer Choe Nam-seon and the poet/Buddhist monk Manhae (also known as Han Yongun). Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. This article is about declarations of independence in general Choe Nam-seon (April 26 1890- October 10 1957 was a Korean historian and independence activist. Manhae ( August 29, 1879 – June 29, 1944) was a twentieth century Korean Buddhist reformer and poet. The nationalists initially planned to assemble at Tapgol Park in downtown Seoul, but they chose a more private location out of fear that the gathering might turn into a riot. Tapgol Park, formerly Pagoda Park, is a small (19599 m² public park located at 97 Jongno-gil, Seoul, South Korea. The leaders of the movement signed the document and sent a copy to the Japanese Governor General, with their compliments. The post of Governors-General of Korea ( Korean: 조선총독부 Hanja: 朝鮮總督府 Japanese: 朝鮮総督府 served as the
| “ | We herewith proclaim the independence of Korea and the liberty of the Korean people. We tell it to the world in witness of the equality of all nations and we pass it on to our posterity as their inherent right.
We make this proclamation, having back of us 5,000 year of history, and 20,000,000 of a united loyal people. We take this step to insure to our children for all time to come, personal liberty in accord with the awakening consciousness of this new era. This is the clear leading of God, the moving principle of the present age, the whole human race's just claim. It is something that cannot be stamped out, or stifled, or gagged, or suppressed by any means. |
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They then telephoned the central police station to inform them of their actions and were arrested afterwards.
Despite the nationalists' concerns, massive crowds assembled in the Pagoda Park to hear a student, Chung Jae-yong, read the declaration publicly. Afterwards, the gathering formed into a procession, which the Japanese police attempted to suppress.
Coinciding with these events, special delegates associated with the movement also read copies of the independence proclamation from appointed places throughout the country at 2 PM on that same day, but the nationwide uprisings that resulted were also brutally put down by the Japanese police and army.
However, these protests continued to spread, and as the Japanese national and military police could not contain the crowds, the army and even the navy were also called in. There were several reports of atrocities. In one notable instance, Japanese police in the village of Jeam-ri herded male protesters into a church, locked it, and burned it to the ground.
Before the Japanese finally suppressed the movement twelve months later, approximately 2,000,000 Koreans had participated in the more than 1,500 demonstrations, and many had been killed by Japanese police and soldiers. [2]
According to the frequently referenced Hanguk tongnip undong chihyolsa (한국독립운동지혈사, 韓國獨立運動之血史, The Bloody History of the Korean Independence Movement) by Park Eunsik, 7,509 were killed, 15,849 were wounded, and 46,303 were arrested. Park Eunsik ( September 30, 1859 - November 1, 1925) was the historian and the second President of the Provisional Government During March 1 to April 11, Japanese officials reported that 553 people were killed with over 12,000 arrested, while 8 policemen and military policemen were killed and 158 were wounded.
In 1920, the Battle of Chingshanli broke out in Manchuria between exiled Korean nationalists and the Japanese Army. The Battle of Cheongsanri (Chingshanri in Chinese was fought between the Imperial Japanese Army and Korean armed groups in a densely-wooded region of eastern
Effects
The March 1st movement resulted in a major change in Japanese imperial policy towards Korea. Japanese Governor-General Hasegawa Yoshimichi accepted responsibility for the loss of control (although most of the repressive measures leading to the uprising had been put into place by his predecessors) and was replaced by Saito Makoto. The post of Governors-General of Korea ( Korean: 조선총독부 Hanja: 朝鮮總督府 Japanese: 朝鮮総督府 served as the Count was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and Japanese Governor General of Korea from 1916-1919 was an Admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, two-time Governor-General of Korea from 1919 to 1927 and from 1929 to 1931 and the 30th Prime Minister of Japan Some of the aspects of Japanese rule considered most objectionable to Koreans were removed. The military police were replaced by a civilian force, and limited press freedom was permitted under what was termed the 'cultural policy'. Many of these lenient policies were reversed during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
The March 1 Movement was a catalyst for the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai in April 1919. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was a Government in exile based in Shanghai, China and later in Chongqing, during the Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million
On May 24, 1949, March 1st was designated a national holiday in South Korea. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In South Korea each public holiday belongs to one or more of three possible categories National Celebration Day( 국경일, 國慶日 National Flag Raising Day(국기게양일 國旗揭揚日 South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː
See also
References
- Cumings, Bruce. This is a list of articles on Korea -related people places things and concepts The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present The Korean independence movement grew out the Japanese occupation of Korea from 1910-1945 Baek Yongseong Jinjong ( Korean: 용성 진종 Hanja: 龍城 震鍾 1864—1940 was an important Korean Buddhist master who helped propagate Buddhism Yu Kwan-Sun ( March 15, 1904 - October 12, 1920) was a student and organizer in what would come to be known as the March First Movement Korea’s Place in the Sun: A Modern History. New York: W. N. Norton and Company, 1997.
- Han, Woo-keun. The History of Korea. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1988.
- ^ March First Movement - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ March First Movement - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
External links
- Full text of Samil Proclamation of Korean Independence
- Further explanation including Japanese actions and photographs
- Torture Murder of a Teenage Girl, Yu Kwan-soon
- The Jeam-ri Massacre
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