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- This page is about the city in Germany. For other meanings, see Marburg (disambiguation).
| Marburg | |
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| Coat of arms | Location |
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| Administration | |
| Country |  Germany |
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| State | Hesse |
| District | Marburg-Biedenkopf |
| Lord Mayor | Egon Vaupel (SPD) |
| Basic statistics | |
| Area | 124. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' Marburg-Biedenkopf is a Kreis ( District) in the west of Hesse, Germany. The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 5 km² (48. 1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 173-412 m |
| Population | 79,139 (31/12/2005) |
| - Density | 636 /km² (1,646 /sq mi) |
| Other information | |
| Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) |
| Licence plate | MR |
| Postal codes | 35001-35043 |
| Area code | 06421 |
| Website | Stadt Marburg |
| Location of the town of Marburg within Marburg-Biedenkopf district | |
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Marburg is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the Lahn river. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Lahn is a River in Germany, a right tributary of the Rhine. It is the main town of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Marburg-Biedenkopf is a Kreis ( District) in the west of Hesse, Germany. Its population is 78,701, and its geographical position is .
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Universitätsstadt Marburg
History
Founding and early history
Like many settlements, Marburg developed at the crossroads of two important early medieval highways: an east-west one (Cologne to Prague) and a north-south one (from the North Sea to the Alps and on to Italy), the former crossing the river Lahn here. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Lahn is a River in Germany, a right tributary of the Rhine. The settlement was protected, and customs raised, by a small castle that was built in the 9th or 10th century by the dynasty of the Giso. Marburg has been a town since 1140, as proved by coins. From the Gisos, it fell around that time to the Landgraves of Thuringia, residing on the Wartburg above Eisenach. Graf is a historical German noble title equal in rank to a Count (derived from the Latin Comes, with a history of its own or a British The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany. For other uses of Wartburg see Wartburg (disambiguation The Wartburg is a castle situated on a 1230-foot (410 m precipice to the Eisenach is a city in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated between the northern foothills of the Thuringian Forest and the Hainich National Park
St Elizabeth
In 1228 the widowed princess-langravine (Landgräfin) of Thuringia, Elizabeth, chose Marburg as her dowager seat, as she did not get along well with her brother-in-law, the new Landgrave. The countess dedicated her life to the sick and would become after her early death in 1231, aged 24, one of the most eminent female saints, St Elisabeth of Hungary. St Elisabeth of Hungary (St Elisabeth von Thüringen Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet 7 July, 1207 &ndash 17 November, 1231) spent most of She was canonized in 1235.
Capital of Hesse
In 1264, St Elizabeth's daughter Sophie of Brabant, succeeded in winning the Landgraviate of Hesse, hitherto connected to Thuringia, for her son Henry. Landgrave ( Dutch landgraaf, German Landgraf; French landgrave; Latin comes magnus, comes patriae The Landgraviate of Hesse (Landgrafschaft Hessen was a Landgraviate of the Holy Roman Empire. The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany. Henry I of Hesse ( German: Heinrich I "das Kind" (the child ( 24 June 1244 &ndash 21 December 1308, Marburg Marburg (alongside Kassel) was one of the capitals of Hesse from that time until about 1540. Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Following the first division of the landgraviate, it was the capital of Hesse-Marburg from 1485 to 1500 and again between 1567 and 1605. The Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg was a German landgraviate, and independent Principality, within the Holy Roman Empire, that existed between 1485 Hesse was one of the more powerful second-tier principalities in Germany. Its "old enemy" was the Archbishop of Mainz, one of the Prince-electors, who competed with Hesse in many wars and conflicts, stretching over several centuries, for territory. The Archbishopric of Mainz (Erzbistum Mainz or Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz) was an influential ecclesiastic and secular Prince-bishopric The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl
After 1605, Marburg became just another provincial town, known mostly for the university. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects It became a virtual backwater for two centuries after the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648, when it was fought over by Hesse-Darmstadt and Hesse-Kassel. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. The Hessian territory around Marburg lost more than two thirds of its population, more than in all later wars (including World War I and World War II) combined. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
Reformation
Marburg is the seat of the oldest Protestant university in the world, the University of Marburg, or Philipps-Universität, founded in 1527. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The University of Marburg (Philipps-Universität Marburg 'Philip's University Marburg' was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philip I of Hesse (usually It is one of the six classical "university villages" in Germany, the other five being Freiburg, Göttingen, Heidelberg, and Tübingen, as well as the city of Gießen, which is located 30 km south of Marburg. Göttingen ( ˈgœtɪŋən, Low German: Chöttingen is a College town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Tübingen, a traditional University town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is situated 30 km (19 miles southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between Gießen (ˈgiːsən is a town in the German federal state ( Bundesland) of Hessen, capital of both the district of Gießen and the administrative
In 1529, Philipp I of Hesse arranged the Marburg Colloquy, to propitiate Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli. Philip I of Hesse, ( 13 November 1504 - 31 March 1567) nicknamed der Großmütige (the " Magnanimous " was a leading The Marburg Colloquy was a meeting at Marburg Castle Marburg, Hesse, Germany which attempted to solve a dispute between Martin Luther and Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer Huldrych (or Ulrich) Zwingli (1 January 1484 &ndash 11 October 1531 was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.
Romanticism
Owing to its neglect during the entire 18th century Marburg – like Rye or Chartres – survived as a relatively intact Gothic town, simply because there was no money spent on any new architecture or expansion. The small town of Rye, in East Sussex, England, stands at the confluence of two rivers although in medieval times as an important member of the Cinque Ports Chartres is a town and commune and capital of the Eure-et-Loir department in north-central France It is located 96 km southwest of Paris This article is about Gothic art See also Gothic architecture Gothic art was a Medieval art movement that lasted about 200 The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation When Romanticism became the dominant cultural and artistic paradigm in Germany, Marburg became interesting once again, and many of the leaders of the movement lived, taught, or studied in Marburg. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the They formed a circle of friends that was of great importance, especially in literature, philology, folklore, and law. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" History The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of Romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society The group included Friedrich Karl von Savigny, the most important jurist of his day and father of the Roman Law adaptation in Germany; the poets, writers, and social activists Achim von Arnim, Clemens Brentano, and especially the latter's sister and former's later wife, Bettina von Arnim. Friedrich Carl von Savigny ( February 21, 1779 in Frankfurt am Main - 25 October, 1861 in Berlin) was one of the most respected JURIST is an online legal news service hosted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, written by founder Professor Bernard Hibbitts and a staff of more than Roman law is the legal system of Ancient Rome. As used in the West the term commonly refers to legal developments prior to the Roman/Byzantine state's adopting Ludwig Achim (or Joachim) von Arnim ( January 26, 1781 &ndash January 21, 1831) was a German Poet Clemens Brentano, or Klemens Brentano ( September 9, 1778 &ndash July 28, 1842) was a German Poet and Bettina Brentano von Arnim (the Countess of Arnim) ( 4 April 1785, Frankfurt am Main &ndash 20 January 1859, Berlin Most famous internationally, however, were the Brothers Grimm, who collected many of their fairy tales here – Rapunzel's Tower stands in Marburg, and across the Lahn hills, in the area called Schwalm, little girls' costumes included a red hood. The Brothers Grimm ( German: Die Gebrüder Grimm) Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, A fairy tale or fairy story is a fictional Story that may feature folkloric characters (such as fairies, enchantments]] often involving " Rapunzel " is a German Fairy tale in the collection assembled by the Brothers Grimm, and first published in 1812 as part of Children's
It has to be said, however, that this circle had disappeared from Marburg by the 1820s, and for another 45 years, Marburg became a Hessian backwater again.
Prussian town
In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the reactionary Prince-elector of Hesse had backed Austria; Prussia won, and invaded (without any bloodshed) and annexed Hesse-Kassel (as well as Hanover, the City of Frankfurt, and other territories) north of the Main river, while likewise pro-Austrian Hesse-Darmstadt remained independent. The Austro-Prussian Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries The Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzogtum Hessen was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany. For Marburg, this turn of events was very positive, because Prussia decided to make Marburg its main administrative center in this part of the new province Hesse-Nassau and to turn the University of Marburg into the regional academic center. The Province of Hesse-Nassau (Provinz Hessen-Nassau was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1868-1918 then a province of the Free State of Prussia The University of Marburg (Philipps-Universität Marburg 'Philip's University Marburg' was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philip I of Hesse (usually Thus, Marburg's rise as an administrative and university city began; since the Prussian university system would become the indubitably best in the world, Marburg would now attract very famous scholars. There was, on the other hand, hardly any industry to speak of, so that students, professors, and civil servants – who generally had enough but not much money and paid very little in taxes – dominated the town, which tended to be very conservative.
20th century
Franz von Papen, vice-chancellor of Germany in 1934, delivered an anti-Nazi speech at the University of Marburg on June 17. The Marburg speech ( die Marburger Rede in German was an address given by German vice chancellor Franz von Papen at the University of Marburg on June (29 October 1879 2 May 1969 was a German nobleman Catholic monarchist Politician, General Staff officer and Diplomat Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German This contributed to several of von Papen's staff being murdered by the Nazis.
In 1945, Marburg became President and Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg's final resting place. Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg ( known universally as Paul von Hindenburg ( ( October 2, 1847 &ndash August 2 His grave is in the Elisabethkirche. The Elisabeth Church in Marburg was built by the Order of the Teutonic Knights in honor of Elisabeth of Hungary. He is an honorary citizen of the town.
Marburg is also now home to one of the most progressive schools for the blind in the world. Street crossings are equipped with "walk" and "don't walk" signs that also emit sounds enabling the blind to know what the signs are "saying. "
Architecture
Marburg is famous for its medieval churches, especially the Elisabethkirche, one of the two or three first purely Gothic churches north of the Alps outside of France and thus an incunable of Gothic architecture in Germany, as well as for the castle. The Elisabeth Church in Marburg was built by the Order of the Teutonic Knights in honor of Elisabeth of Hungary.
More important, however, is Marburg's city as such, an unspoilt, spire-dominated, castle-crowned Gothic/Renaissance city on a hill, intact because Marburg was an extreme backwater between 1600 and 1850. Unlike, for example, Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Marburg regained some of its importance in later centuries, so it is not a "museum village" but rather a student-dominated university town. Rothenburg ob der Tauber is a town in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken (Middle Franconia, the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany
Much of the physical attractiveness of Marburg today is the legacy of the legendary Lord Mayor Dr. Hanno Drechsler (in office 1970-1992), who promoted urban renewal and the restoration, for the first time, by object and not by area, i. Dr Hanno Drechsler ( 24 March 1931 - 4 January 2003) was the legendary Lord Mayor of the City of Marburg, Germany e. areas were not pulled down but rather buildings restored. Thus, at a time when other cities were still pulling down medieval quarters, Marburg already protected its unique heritage. Marburg also had one of the first pedestrian zones in Germany. Marburg's Altstadtsanierung (since 1972) received many awards and prizes.
Politics
As a larger mid-sized city, Marburg, like six other such cities in Hesse, has a special status as compared to the other municipalities in the district. This means that the city takes on tasks more usually performed by the district so that in many ways it is comparable to an urban district (kreisfreie Stadt). In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of Local government district that covered an Urbanised area
The mayor (Oberbürgermeister) Egon Vaupel, directly elected in January 2005 and in office since 1 July 2005, is from the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. His deputy, the head of the building and youth departments Dr. Franz Kahle is supplied by the Greens. The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional The majority in the 59-seat city parliament is held by a coalition of SPD (20 seats) and Green (10 seats) members. Also represented are the factions of the CDU (17 seats), the PDS (4 seats), the Freie Wähler (Free Voters) BfM (Bürger für Marburg- 3 seats), the FDP (3 seats) and a CDU splinter group MBL (Marburger Bürgerliste- 2 seats). The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany.
Outside the parliament, there are in Marburg, like otherwise only in big cities, a full range of groupings. Among the leftwing groups are ATTAC, the Worldshop movement, an autonomist-anarchist scene, but also groups engaged in ecological or human-rights concerns. Attac1jpg|thumb|200px|An ATTAC Banner in front of the Kölner Dom, Germany, 2004]]%attac aus stand Worldshops, world shops or Fair Trade Shops are specialized retail outlets offering and promoting Fair Trade products Autonomism refers to a set of Left-wing political and social movements and theories close to the socialist movement. Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i
The city of Marburg, similar to the cities of Heidelberg, Tuebingen, Goettingen etc. has a rich history of student corporations or "Verbindungen" i. e. associations or faternities including Corps, Landsmannachaften, Burschenschaften, Turnerschaften etc.
City partnerships
Poitiers, France since 1961
Maribor, Slovenia since 1969
Sfax, Tunisia since 1971
Gig Harbor, United States since 1982- Eisenach, Thuringia since 1988
Northampton, United Kingdom since 1992
Sibiu, Romania since 2005
Coat of arms
Marburg's coat of arms shows a Hessian Landgrave riding a white horse with a flag and a shield on a red background. Poitiers is a town on the Clain River in west central France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Maribor (historical German name de ''Marburg an der Drau'' is the second largest City in Slovenia. Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Sfax ( صفاقس, Safaqis, or /sfaqs/ in Tunisian Arabic, whence the French name is a city in Tunisia, located 270 km southeast of Tunis Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Gig Harbor is a city in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Eisenach is a city in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated between the northern foothills of the Thuringian Forest and the Hainich National Park The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany. This article is about Northampton in England for other places of the same name see Northampton (disambiguation Northampton ( is a large Market The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Sibiu (si'biw Hermannstadt Nagyszeben Сибињ/Sibinj הערמאנשטאדט ( Hermanshtadt) or סזעבען ( Szeben)) is one of the largest cities in Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The shield shows the red-and-white-striped Hessian lion, also to be seen on Hesse's state arms, and the flag shows a stylized M, blue on gold (or yellow). The arms are also the source of the city flag's colours. This is three horizontal stripes coloured, from top to bottom, red (from the background), white (from the horse) and blue (from the shield).
The arms, which were designed in the late nineteenth century, are based on a landgrave's seal on a municipal document, which is an example of a very prevalent practice of replacing forgotten coats of arms, or ones deemed not to be representative enough, with motifs taken from seals. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Under municipal codes in force in Germany today, the use of city or municipal arms in service seals is often mandatory.
Marburg virus
The city's name is also connected to a filovirus, the Marburg virus, which was first noticed and described during an outbreak in the city due to workers being accidentally exposed to infected grivet monkey tissue at the city's main industrial plant (1967), the Behring-Werke, then part of Hoechst and today of CSL Behring, founded by Marburg citizen and first Nobel Prize in Medicine winner, Emil von Behring. The Marburg virus is the causative agent of Marburg haemorrhagic fever (also known as green monkey disease) The Marburg virus is the causative agent of Marburg haemorrhagic fever (also known as green monkey disease) The Grivet ( Chlorocebus aethiops) is an Old World monkey with long white tufts of hair along the sides of the face Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. Emil Adolf von Behring ( March 15, 1854 &ndash March 31, 1917) was a German Physiologist who received the 1901 During the outbreak, 31 people became infected and seven of them died. While this may seem a small number of people, during a cholera epidemic in the modern world only 1 in 20 people die. Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious Gastroenteritis caused by the Bacterium The Marburg virus is named after the town as it is customary to name viruses of such ferocity after the town or area in which they originate.
External links
- Marburg, official website of Marburg city
- War and Holocaust memorials in Marburg, "Sites of Memory" webpage
- Marburg travel guide from Wikitravel
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