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Mar del Plata
Panoramic view of Mar del Plata
Panoramic view of Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata (Argentina )
Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata
Location in Argentina
Coordinates: 38°00′00″S 57°32′60″W / -38, -57.55
Country Flag of Argentina Argentina
Province Buenos Aires
Partido General Pueyrredón
Founded February 10, 1874
Government
 - Intendant Gustavo Pulti
Area
 - Total 79. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Regions See also Geography of Argentina The country is also divided into six or seven regions (seven when The Pampas is divided into the Pampas' plains Buenos Aires Province (ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires is the most populated province of Argentina. A partido is an administrative subdivision of the. A partido is formally a single Municipality, though it usually comprises one or more population centers General Pueyrredón Partido is a Partido located on the Atlantic coast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The title of intendant (intendant Spanish intendente) has been used in a number of countries through history Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 48 km² (30. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 7 sq mi)
Elevation 38 m (125 ft)
Population (2001)
 - Total 541,733
 - Density 6,816/km² (17,653. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/sq mi)
Postal code B7600
Phone code +54 223
Website: www.mardelplata.gov.ar (Spanish)

Mar del Plata is an Argentine city located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the Buenos Aires Province, 400 km (249 mi) south of Buenos Aires. The Argentine postal code is a system that assigns at least one unique alphanumeric Postal code to each Municipality. A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Buenos Aires Province (ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes Spanish: Provincia de Buenos Aires is the most populated province of Argentina. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern Mar del Plata is one of the major fishing ports and the biggest seaside beach resort in Argentina. With a population of 541,733 as per the 2001 census [INDEC], it's the 7th largest city in Argentina. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population National Statistics and Censuses Institute ( Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, INDEC is the Argentine government agency responsible

Contents

Economy

Springtime in Mar del Plata
Springtime in Mar del Plata

As part of the Argentine recreational coast, tourism is Mar del Plata's main economic activity with seven million tourists visiting the city in 2006. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Mar del Plata has a sophisticated tourist infrastructure with countless hotels, restaurants, casinos, theatres and other tourist attractions. Mar del Plata is also an important sports centre with a multi-purpose Olympic style stadium (first used for the 1978 World Cup and later upgraded for the 1995 Pan American Games), 5 golf courses and many other facilities. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The Estadio José María Minella, is a stadium in the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina

As an important fishing port, industry concentrates on fish processing and at least two large shipyards. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. [1]

The area is also host to other light industry, such as textile and food manufacturing.

Sea Lions colony with fishing boats nearby
Sea Lions colony with fishing boats nearby

There is a well-developed packaging machines industry, its quality being recognized in international markets[2]. One of these companies was one of the pioneers in tea bags automatic packaging[3], exporting its original machine-designs abroad. A tea bag is a small porous paper silk or nylon sealed Bag containing tea leaves for brewing Tea. Another company also exports its products and sold royalties to other countries. Royalties (sometimes running royalties) are usage-based payments made by one party (the "licensee" to another (the "licensor" for ongoing use of an [4]

During the mid 1980s, Mar del Plata saw the birth of electronics factories, focused mostly on the telecommunications field, with two of them succeeding in the international market. [5]

Located southwest of the city there are quartzite's stonemasons which are traditionally used in construction (see Architecture). Quartzite (from German Quarzit) not to be confused with the Mineral Quartz, is a hard Metamorphic rock which was originally The craft of stonemasonry has existed since the dawn of Civilization - creating Buildings structures and Sculpture using stone from the earth Mar del Plata is an Argentine city located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the Buenos Aires Province, south of Buenos Aires.

Although since the middle '90s until the first 2000s the area has been hit by a high rate of unemployment, Mar del Plata has the third largest activity rate by city in the country (around 45%).

Transportation

Mar del Plata is served by Brigadier General Bartolomé de la Colina International Airport (MDQ/SAZM) with daily flights to Buenos Aires served by Aerolíneas Argentinas and Sol Líneas Aéreas and weekly flights to Patagonia served by LADE. Aerolíneas Argentinas is the largest domestic and international Airline in Argentina and serves as Argentina's Flag carrier. Sol Líneas Aéreas is an Argentine Airline founded in 2005 and operating since August 2006 following an agreement between LADE - Líneas Aéreas del Estado is an Airline based in Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina.

It has an old but giant bus terminal serving to most cities in Argentina. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. There is a train station with two daily trains to Buenos Aires Estación Constitución. History On 7 March 1864 in a ceremony attended by the president Bartolomé Mitre, construction began at Mercado Constitución on the site of the present day terminus

The Highway 2 connects Mar del Plata with Buenos Aires direct, and the Route 11 connects it through the coast, ending at Miramar, 40 km south of Mar del Plata. There are another routes as the Route 88 (to Necochea) and the Route 74 (to Olavarría). Necochea is a port city in the southwest of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, located on the Atlantic coast on the edge of the Quequén Grande Olavarría is a city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

History timeline

Main article: History of Mar del Plata

Pre-Spanish era: The region was inhabited by Günuna Kena nomads (also known as northern Tehuelches). The first European navigator to visit the beaches and cliffs of what one day would become Mar del Plata was Sir Francis Drake in his 1577 Circumnavigation voyage Tehuelches is the collective name of the native tribes of Patagonia. They were later (after the 11th Century) strongly influenced by the Mapuche culture. The Mapuche are the indigenous inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Southern Argentina.

1577-1857: First European explorers. Sir Francis Drake made a reconnaissance of the coast; Don Juan de Garay explored the area by land a few years later. Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral, (c 1540 &ndash 27 January 1595 was an English Privateer, navigator, Slaver, and politician Juan de Garay (1528 &ndash 1583 was a Spanish Basque Conquistador. First colonization attempt by Jesuit Order ended in disaster (1751). The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order

1857-1874: The Portuguese entrepreneur Coelho de Meirelles, taking advantage of the country’s abundance of wild cattle, built a pier and a factory for salted meat, but the business only lasts a few years. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Salt-cured meat or salted meat, for example Ham, Bacon, or kippered herring, is meat or fish preserved or cured by

1874-1886: Patricio Peralta Ramos acquired the now abandoned factory along with the surrounding terrain, and founded the town on February 10, 1874. Basque rancher Pedro Luro bought a part of Peralta Ramos land for agricultural production. The Basques (Euskaldunak are a people who inhabit a region spanning over parts of north-central Spain and southwestern France. First docks also erected around this time.

1886-1911: The railway line from Buenos Aires, built by the Buenos Aires Great Southern reached Mar del Plata in 1886; the first hotels started their activity. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern The Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway (BAGS (in Spanish Gran Ferrocarril Sud) was one of the Big Four Broad gauge,, British-owned companies that built The upper-class people from Buenos Aires became the first tourist of the new born village. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern They also established a local government that reflected their conservative ideals. Build-up of a French style resort. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

1911-1930: The residents, mostly new arrived immigrants from Europe, demanded and obtained the control of the Municipality administration. The socialist were the mainstream political force in this period, carrying out social reforms and public investment. The main port was also built and inaugurated in 1916.

1930-1946: A military coup reinstated the Conservative hegemony in politics through electoral fraud and corruption, but in the local level they were quite progressive, their policies viewed in some way as a continuity of the socialist trend. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined The seaside Casino complex opened in 1939, was designed by architect Alejandro Bustillo, and the Ruta 2 (Highway #2), the main road to Buenos Aires, also dates from this period. Alejandro Bustillo (1889-1982 was an Argentine painter and architect who left his mark in various tourist destinations in Argentina especially in the Andean region

The Sealion, symbol of the city
The Sealion, symbol of the city

1946-1955: Birth of the Peronist movement. Peronism (Peronismo or Justicialism (Spanish Justicialismo) is an Argentine political movement based on the ideas and programs associated with A coalition between socialists and radicals defeated this new party by a narrow margin in Mar del Plata, but by 1948 the Peronism will dominate the local administration. The massive tourism, triggered by the welfare politics of Perón and the surge of the middle class marked a huge growth in the city’s economy. Juan Domingo Perón (October 8 1895 &ndash July 1 1974 was an Argentine Colonel and Politician, elected three times as President of Argentina

1955-1970: After the fall of Perón, the Socialism regained the upper hand in local politics; the city reached the peak in activities like construction business and building industry. The Revolución Libertadora ( Spanish, Liberating Revolution) was a military uprising that ended the second presidential term of Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Massive immigration from other regions of Argentina.

1970-1989: Slight decline of tourism demand, counterbalanced by the increasing of other industries such as fishing and machinery. General infrastructure renewal under the military rule. The radicals become the main political force after the return of Democracy in 1983. The Radical Civic Union (in Spanish Unión Cívica Radical, UCR) is a Political party in Argentina.

1989-Present: Though the Peronism replaced the radicals in central government amid a national financial crisis, the latter party continued to rule in Mar del Plata. Some resurge of mass tourism in the early '90s was followed by a deep social crisis in town, with an increase of poverty, jobless rate and emigration. By contrast, the first decade of this Century shows an amazingly quick recovery in all sectors of the ailing economy.

Culture

Mar del Plata is the most popular destination for conventions in Argentina after Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern Mar del Plata has a wide range of services in this sector. The summer season hosts over fifty theatrical plays.

These are the most important shows and festivals:

The local Government sponsors a stable Symphonic Orchestra, as well as a Conservatorium and a School of Classical and Modern Dance. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well A university school of music or college of music, or academy of music or conservatoire ( French, but used in British English) &mdash

Fishermen from Mar del Plata at work in this painting by Cleto Ciocchini (1899-1974)
Fishermen from Mar del Plata at work in this painting by Cleto Ciocchini (1899-1974)

The main museums are the following:

Culture and Sports Personalities:

The common linguistic and social background of the city is that of the so called rioplatense culture. Rioplatense Spanish ( Spanish: Español rioplatense, although locally known as castellano rioplatense

Architecture

The Belle Epoque fascination: Villa Normandie, built circa 1919
The Belle Epoque fascination: Villa Normandie, built circa 1919

The development of the city as a season resort in early 20 century led the upper class tourists from Buenos Aires to built-up a European-inspired architecture, based mainly on the picturesque and later on the art deco styles. Picturesque is an Aesthetic ideal first introduced into English cultural debate in 1782 by William Gilpin in Observations of the River Wye and Several Parts Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial This gave Mar del Plata the pompous nickname of the Argentine Biarritz. Biarritz ( French: Biarritz, bjaˈʀits Gascon Occitan: Biàrritz; Basque: Biarritz or Miarritze is a town During the '30s and well beyond the '40s, local architects and builders, like Auro Tiribelli, Arturo Lemmi, Alberto Córsico-Picollini and Raúl Camusso recreated and transformed the picturesque values into a middle-class scale, marking the beginning of the so called Mar del Plata Style, consisting in small samples of the luxury-laden summer residences of the high society, built for the summer visitor as well as for the local resident.

An example of Mar del Plata Style
An example of Mar del Plata Style



These chalets comprised basically a stone façade, a gable roof covert with Spanish or French tiles, prominent eaves and a front porch. CHALET is a mnemonic indicating a protocol used by Emergency services to report situations which they may be faced with especially as it relates to major incidents A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof An eave is the edge of a Roof. Eaves usually project beyond the side of the building generally to provide weather protection This gives the town some distinctive urban character among the other Argentinean cities, even if the needs of the growing mass of tourists in the '60s imposed large apartment buildings and skyscrapers as the predominant landscape downtown. The Architecture of Argentina can be said to start at the beginning of the Spanish colonisation, though it was in the 18th century that the cities of the country [6]

Climate

Climatogram for Mar del Plata
Climatogram for Mar del Plata

The weather pattern for the region is that of an oceanic climate, with humid and moderate summers and relative cool winters, although polar air masses from Antarctica are frequent. An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the Climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity. For airmass in Astronomy, see Airmass. In Meteorology, an air mass is a large volume of Air that The average temperatures for January reach 20°C (68 Fahrenheit) and 8°C for July (46 Fahrenheit). The West-Southwest winds bring down the temperature below 0°C (32 Fahrenheit), while the Southeast ones (the so called Sudestada) are stronger, producing coastal showers and rough seas, as well as strong squalls, but the cold is much less intense. Sudestada (literally Southeast hit) is the Spanish name for a climatic phenomenon common to the Río de la Plata (an Estuary formed by the combination [7]

There are about 20 days of frost each year, and almost 60 in the west hills area (some 300 mts above the sea level). Frost is the solid deposition of Water vapor from saturated air Snowfall is not so uncommon, but snow accumulation on the ground is rare, a phenomenon that takes place every 6 years or so, according to the last 40 year's data. "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation.

Snow on La Perla beach, August 1, 1991
Snow on La Perla beach, August 1, 1991

Particularly remembered are the 1975 and 1991 snowstorms, but there was also some snow accumulated in 1994 and 1997 in the highest hills area of Sierra de los Padres, in 1995 along the southern coast, and the latest during the first hours of July 10, 2004. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Sierra de los Padres is a string of rocky hills and ridges about 10 miles west of Mar del Plata. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " There were two low-intensity snowfalls in September 1986 and June 2007. [8]

A snowy dawn at Playa Grande, July 10, 2004
A snowy dawn at Playa Grande, July 10, 2004

There is fog in the last days of fall, and springtime is often marred by sea winds and sudden temperature's changes. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Fog is a cloud that is in contact with the ground Stratus clouds are usually the only clouds that touch the ground

There are some ten days of 30°C (86 Fahrenheit) each summer, certainly milder values than the rest of the pampas region. Laguna de Gomezjpg|thumb|left|240px|Lake Gomez near Junín in the heart of the Pampas grain belt Usually, the summer nights are cool and pleasant, with values between 13º to 17°C (55 to 63 Fahrenheit). [7]

Government

The young Teodoro Bronzini, one of the first Socialist Mayors in the Americas history
The young Teodoro Bronzini, one of the first Socialist Mayors in the Americas history

Mar del Plata is the head of the department (Partido) of General Pueyrredón. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America General Pueyrredón Partido is a Partido located on the Atlantic coast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The current Mayor of the city and department is Gustavo Pulti, of the local party Acción Marplatense. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government

The Honorable Concejo Deliberante (the town council) has some legislative powers. A town council is a democratically elected form of government for small municipalities or Parishes A council may serve as both the representative and executive branch The term of office for both the Mayor and council members is four years.

In 1919, Mar del Plata became the first town in South America to have a Socialist Mayor, a son of Italian Immigrants, Teodoro Bronzini. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Teodoro Bronzini (1888-1981 was an Argentine politician affiliated with the Socialist Party, and one of the more prestigious Mayors in the history of the city of The Socialist Party would dominate the city political landscape for most of the 20th century. The Socialist Party ( Partido Socialista) is a social-democratic Political party in Argentina.

The Government official page has a comprehensive listing of all Mayors and Commissioners of Mar del Plata from 1881 to the present.

There is an extensive but interesting work by the American sociologist Susan Stokesabout the democratic process in Mar del Plata since 1983 in comparison to other regions of Argentina: PDF-1.

You can also read the following paper: PDF-2.

One of the main theses of her articles is that the social and economic development of Mar del Plata was quite atypical, with a strong prevalence of middle-class values that discouraged the policy of clientelism that is the common background in other urban environments of Argentina. A dissertation (also called thesis or disquisition) is a document that presents the author's Research and findings and is submitted in support of candidature Academic publishing describes the subfield of Publishing which distributes academic Research and Scholarship. A political machine is an unofficial system of a political organization based on Patronage, the Spoils system, "behind-the-scenes" control and longstanding

Curious data

Mar del Plata at night
Mar del Plata at night

Mar del Plata is mentioned in at least two B movies of Hollywood's Directors:

The city airport code for IATA (International Air Transport Association) is MDQ , even if the most logic and common sense determines it should be MDP. But the latter abbreviation is already in use for Mindip-Tanah (Indonesia). The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The initialism was adopted by a popular Surfboard fans TV show, also originated in Mar del Plata. Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name Surfboards are elongated platforms used in the sport of Surfing.

The so called Golf sauce (a type of Fry sauce) has its origin in the kitchens of the Golf Club Mar del Plata, in the very first decades of the 1900s. This article was a former Spanish Translation of the Week. The cuisine of Argentina is distinctive in South America because of its Fry sauce is a regional condiment served with French Fries. It is usually a simple combination of one part ketchup and two parts mayonnaise

Argentina's top soccer player, Diego Armando Maradona, scored his two first goals in Argentina First Division league in the old San Martín Stadium in Mar del Plata, on November 14, 1976. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Maradona played for Argentinos Juniors, which defeated San Lorenzo de Mar del Plata 5-2. Argentinos Juniors is an Argentine football club founded in La Paternal Buenos Aires, on August 15, 1904.

Sister Cities

Notes

  1. ^ Links:
  2. ^ TECMAR
  3. ^ Mai S.A
  4. ^ Orengia y Conforti Ind. y Com. S.A
  5. ^ Links:
  6. ^ Cacopardo, Chapter VII (by Javier Sáez)
  7. ^ a b Roccatagliata, pp. 167-174
  8. ^ Retrieved from the following editions of La Capital newspaper:
    • 17 July 1975
    • 17 September 1986
    • 2 August 1991
    • 5 August 1995
    • 27 June 1997
    • 11 July 2004
    • 26 June 2007
    Clarín newspaper edition, Buenos Aires, June 28 1994
    Video files from Channel 8, Mar del Plata, TN news and Crónica TV

External links

Sources

Unless otherwise indicated, all the sources are written in Spanish.

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