Manuel L. Quezon
2nd President of the Philippines 1st President of the Commonwealth
In office November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944 [1]
Vice President	Sergio Osmeña
Preceded by	Emilio Aguinaldo (position restored. The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sergio Osmeña ( September 9 1878 &ndash October 19 1961) was the fourth President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines For the municipality see Gen Emilio Aguinaldo Cavite General Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy ( March 22, 1869 &ndash February 6 1935)
Succeeded by	Sergio Osmena
Born	August 19, 1878(1878-08-19) Baler, Aurora
Died	August 1, 1944 (aged 65) Saranac Lake, New York, United States
Political party	Coalición Nacionalista (1935-1938); Nacionalista Party 1938-1944
Spouse	Aurora Aragon
Occupation	Lawyer
Religion	Roman Catholic
Signature

Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (b. Sergio Osmeña ( September 9 1878 &ndash October 19 1961) was the fourth President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Baler is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. Aurora is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Saranac Lake is a Village located in the state of New York, United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For National Parties in other countries see National Party. The Nacionalista Party ( Filipino: Partido Nacionalista) is For National Parties in other countries see National Party. The Nacionalista Party ( Filipino: Partido Nacionalista) is Aurora Antonia Aragón de Quezon (born Aurora Antonia Aragón y Molina on February 19, 1888 &ndash April 28, 1949) usually known A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person August 19, 1878 in Baler, Aurora, Philippines - d. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Baler is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP August 1, 1944 in Saranac Lake, New York, United States) was the first Filipino president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under U. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Saranac Lake is a Village located in the state of New York, United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the political designation of the Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when the country was a commonwealth with the United S. occupation rule in the early period of the 20th century. He is also considered by most Filipinos, as the second President, after Emilio Aguinaldo (whose administration did not receive international recognition at the time and is not considered the first Philippine president by the United States). The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. For the municipality see Gen Emilio Aguinaldo Cavite General Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy ( March 22, 1869 &ndash February 6 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the He has the distinction of being the first Senate President elected to the presidency, the first president elected through a national election, and was also the first incumbent to secure re-election (for a partial second term, later extended, due to amendments to the 1935 Constitution). He is known as the "Father of the National Language". Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution.

Early life and career

Manuel L. Quezon, a Spanish mestizo, was born in Baler, Tayabas (now found at Aurora). Baler is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. Tayabas redirects here This page refers to the former province Aurora is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. His parents were Lucio Quezon and Maria Dolores Molina. While serving as aide-de-camp to Emilio Aguinaldo (he had been a Lieutenant, then a Major, in the Bataan sector during the retreat and surrender in 1901), he fought with Filipino nationalists in the Philippine-American War. An aide-de-camp ( French for camp assistant) is a personal assistant secretary or Adjutant to a person of high rank usually a senior military officer

He received his primary education from his mother (a Spanish mestiza, and school teacher in their home town) and tutors (his father, a Chinese mestizo from Paco, Manila, was a Sergeant in the Spanish Army), and later boarded at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran where he completed secondary school. Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the late 16th century during the Spanish colonial period of the islands A Chinese Filipino ( Hokkien: Huâ-hui; Cantonese: Wàhfèi; Tagalog / Filipino: "Tsinoy" ( derived from The Spanish Army ( Ejército de Tierra in Spanish; literally "Land Army" is one of oldest active armies in the world and a branch of the Spanish The Colegio de San Juan de Letran (CSJL (also as San Juan de Letran College (SJLC Letran College (LC or simply Letran) was founded in 1620 After the war, he completed Law at the University of Santo Tomas and passed the bar examinations in 1903, placing fourth. Not to be confused with University of St Thomas. The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas The Catholic University of the Philippines He worked for a time as a clerk and surveyor, entering government service as an appointed fiscal for Mindoro and later Tayabas. He became a councilor and was elected governor of Tayabas in 1906 as an independent. In 1907, he was elected to the first Philippine Assembly, where he served as majority floor leader and chairman of the committee on appropriations. From 1909-1916, he served as one of the Philippines' two resident commissioners to the U.S. House of Representatives, lobbying for the passage of the Philippine Autonomy Act or Jones Law. Resident Commissioner is the title of several quite different types of Commissioner in overseas possession or protectorate of the British Crown or of the U The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate.

Senate Presidency and Independence Missions

President Manuel L. Quezon prepares for his inaugural address

He was elected senator in 1916 and became Senate President, serving continuously until 1935 (19 years). He headed the first Independence Mission to the U. S. Congress in 1919, and brought home the Tydings-McDuffie Independence Law in 1934.

While in the United States, he personally met Napoleon Hill and was inspired to continue seeking the Independence of the Philippines. Napoleon Hill ( October 26 1883 &ndash November 8 1970) was an American author who was one of the earliest producers of the modern

Presidency

The official Malacañan Palace portrait of President Quezon from 1935 to 1978

In 1935 Quezon won the Philippine's first national presidential election under the banner of the Nacionalista Party. Presidential elections, National Assembly elections and local elections were held on September 15, 1935 in the Philippines. For National Parties in other countries see National Party. The Nacionalista Party ( Filipino: Partido Nacionalista) is He obtained nearly 68% of the vote against his two main rivals, Emilio Aguinaldo and Bishop Gregorio Aglipay. Gregorio Labayan Aglipay ( May 8, 1860 - September 1, 1940) was the first Filipino Supreme Bishop of the Philippine Independent Quezon was inaugurated in November, 1935. He is recognized as the second President of the Philippines. The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. However, in January of 2008, Congressman Rodolfo Valencia of Oriental Mindoro filed a bill seeking instead to declare General Miguel Malvar as the second Philippine President, having directly succeeded Aguinaldo in 1901. Oriental Mindoro ( Filipino: Silangang Mindoro) is a province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region in Miguel Malvar y Carpio ( September 27, 1865 - October 13, 1911) was a Filipino commander who served during the Philippine Revolution ^[2]

Quezon had originally been barred by the Philippine constitution from seeking re-election. However, in 1940, constitutional amendments were ratified allowing him to seek re-election for a fresh term ending in 1943. In the 1941 presidential elections, Quezon was re-elected over former Senator Juan Sumulong with nearly 82% of the vote. Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 11, 1941 in the Philippines. The Senate of the Philippines ( Filipino: Senádo ng Pilipínas) is the upper chamber of the bicameral Legislature of the Philippines, the

In a notable humanitarian act, Quezon, in cooperation with United States High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt, facilitated the entry into the Philippines of Jewish refugees fleeing fascist regimes in Europe. High Commissioner to the Philippines was the title of the personal representative of the President of the United States to the Commonwealth of the Philippines during Paul Vories McNutt ( July 19 1891 - March 24 1955) was an American politician who served as Governor of Indiana PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Quezon was also instrumental in promoting a project to resettle the refugees in Mindanao. Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost Island in the Philippines.

Administration, Cabinet, and Supreme Court appointments 1935-1941

President Quezon was given the power under the reorganization act, to appoint the first all-Filipino Supreme Court of the Philippines in 1935. The Supreme Court of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas or Korte Suprema) is the country's highest judicial court as well From 1901 to 1935, although a Filipino was always appointed chief justice, the majority of the members of the Supreme Court were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved only with the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and Jose P. Laurel were among Quezon's first appointees to replace the American justices. The membership in the Supreme Court increased to 11: a chief justice and ten associate justices, who sat en banc or in two divisions of five members each.

• Ramon Avanceña – 1935 (Chief Justice) – 1935-1941
• Jose Abad Santos – 1935
• Claro M. Recto 1935 – 1936
• Jose P. Laurel – 1935
• Jose Abad Santos (Chief Justice) – 1941-1942

Government-in-exile

President Quezon, with some of his family members, are welcomed in Washington, D. The Vice President of the Philippines is the second highest executive official of the Philippine government Sergio Osmeña ( September 9 1878 &ndash October 19 1961) was the fourth President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines Sergio Osmeña ( September 9 1878 &ndash October 19 1961) was the fourth President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines Political career Cuenco entered Politics in 1912 when he was elected to the Philippine Assembly representing the fifth district of Cebu In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition Jose Yulo ( September 24, 1894 - October 2, 1976) was the Chief Justice of the Philippines of the Japanese Occupation during World For the municipality in the Philippines see Jose Abad Santos Davao del Sur. Mexico 's Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional (Secretariat of National Defense is the government department in charge of national defense The Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit (Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público or SHCP is Mexico 's finance ministry. Elpidio Rivera Quirino ( November 16, 1890 &ndash February 29, 1956) was the sixth President of the Philippines. Manuel Acuña Roxas ( January 1, 1892 &ndash April 15, 1948) was the first president of the independent Elpidio Rivera Quirino ( November 16, 1890 &ndash February 29, 1956) was the sixth President of the Philippines. Benigno Quiambao Aquino ( September 3, 1894 – December 20, 1947) or Benigno Aquino Sr "Secretary of Labor" redirects here See also Secretary of Labor (Mexico. José Dira Avelino ( August 5, 1890 &ndash July 21, 1986) was a Filipino politician who served as President of the Philippine Senate The Secretary-General to the President (called until 2005 the Secretary to the President) is the senior Irish Civil servant who both fulfils four distinct Jorge B Vargas ( August 24, 1890 – February 22, 1980) was a lawyer and youth advocate born in Bago City, Negros Occidental Jaime (sometimes spelled Xaime, pronounced /high-may/ Hernandez (born 1959 is the co-creator of the black & white independent comic Love and Resident Commissioner is the title of several quite different types of Commissioner in overseas possession or protectorate of the British Crown or of the U Education and Early Career He obtained his elementary education at the school his father had established and also studied at the Colegio Seminario de Vigan and at the Colegio Joaquín Miguel Elizalde ( August 2, 1896 Manila - February 9, 1965 Washington D C. by President Roosevelt

After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during World War II he evacuated to Corregidor, then the Visayas and Mindanao, and upon the invitation of the US government, was further evacuated to Australia and then to the United States, where he established the Commonwealth government in exile with headquarters in Washington, D. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a country's legitimate government but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power and instead resides in a foreign C. . There, he served as a member of the Pacific War Council, signed the declaration of the United Nations against the Axis Powers, and wrote his autobiography (Good Fight, 1946). The Pacific War Council was an inter-governmental body established in 1942 and intended to control the Allied war effort in the Pacific and Asian campaigns The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries

Quezon suffered from tuberculosis and died in Saranac Lake, New York on August 1, 1944. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common Saranac Lake is a Village located in the state of New York, United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was initially buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War His body was later carried by the USS Princeton (CV-37) and re-interred in Manila, at the Manila North Cemetery and then moved to Quezon City within the monument at the Quezon Memorial Circle. History CV-37 was laid down as Valley Forge at the Philadelphia Navy Yard 14 September 1943, renamed Princeton 21 November The City of Manila The Manila North Cemetery (or Cementerio del Norte which measures 54 hectares is considered the biggest and one of the oldest cemeteries in Metro Manila Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous The Quezon Memorial Circle is a national park and shrine located in Quezon City, former capital of the Philippines (1948-1976

Quezon was married to his first cousin, Aurora Aragón Quezon, and had four children: María Aurora "Baby" Quezon (1919-1949), María Zeneida "Nini" Quezon-Avancena (1921-), Luisa Corazón Paz "Nenita" Quezon (1923-1923) and Manuel L. Aurora Antonia Aragón de Quezon (born Aurora Antonia Aragón y Molina on February 19, 1888 &ndash April 28, 1949) usually known "Nonong" Quezon, Jr. (1926-1998). His grandson, Manuel L. "Manolo" Quezon III (1970-), a prominent writer and political pundit, was named after him.

In their column on the pronunciation of names, The Literary Digest wrote "The President and his wife pronounce the name keh'-zon. The Literary Digest was an influential general-interest weekly Magazine in the early 20th century United States, published by Funk and Wagnalls The pronunciation keh-son', although widely heard in the Philippine Islands, is incorrect. " (Charles Earle Funk, What's the Name, Please?, Funk & Wagnalls, 1936. )

War Cabinet 1941-1944

The outbreak of World War II and the Japanese invasion resulted in periodic and drastic changes to the government structure. Executive Order 390, December 22, 1941 abolished the Department of the Interior and established a new line of succession. Executive Order 396, December 24, 1941 further reorganized and grouped the cabinet, with the functions of Secretary of Justice assigned to the Chief Justice of the Philippines.

Sources:

The Sixth Annual Report of the United States High Commission to the Philippine Island to the President and Congress of the United States, Covering the Fiscal Year July 1, 1941 to June 30, 1942 Washington D. The Vice President of the Philippines is the second highest executive official of the Philippine government Sergio Osmeña ( September 9 1878 &ndash October 19 1961) was the fourth President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines For the municipality in the Philippines see Jose Abad Santos Davao del Sur. In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition For the municipality in the Philippines see Jose Abad Santos Davao del Sur. Sergio Osmeña ( September 9 1878 &ndash October 19 1961) was the fourth President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines The Secretary-General to the President (called until 2005 the Secretary to the President) is the senior Irish Civil servant who both fulfils four distinct Manuel Acuña Roxas ( January 1, 1892 &ndash April 15, 1948) was the first president of the independent Jose Manuel Nieto (1734 - 1804 was a soldier from the Presidio of San Diego who was assigned to the Mission San Gabriel at the time his land was granted by the Manuel Acuña Roxas ( January 1, 1892 &ndash April 15, 1948) was the first president of the independent Resident Commissioner is the title of several quite different types of Commissioner in overseas possession or protectorate of the British Crown or of the U Joaquín Miguel Elizalde ( August 2, 1896 Manila - February 9, 1965 Washington D Carlos Peña Romulo ( 14 January 1899, Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines – 15 December 1985, Manila, C. October 20, 1942

Executive Orders of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Manila, Bureau of Printing 1945

Quotes

"I prefer a country run like hell by Filipinos to a country run like heaven by Americans. Because, however bad a Filipino government might be, we can always change it. "

"My loyalty to my party ends where my loyalty to my country begins. "

"Social Justice is far more beneficial when applied as a matter of sentiment, and not of law. "

Notes

References

• McArthur, Douglas (1964). Reminiscences.  
• Quezon, Manuel L. (1946). The Good Fight.  
• Perret, Geoffrey (1996). Old Soldiers Never Die: The Life of Douglas MacArthur.  

External links

• The Philippine Presidency Project: Manuel L. Quezon
• Philippine Presidents
• Bonnie Harris, Cantor Joseph Cysner: From Zbaszyn to Manila.