| Comune di Mantova | |
|---|---|
|
|
|
Municipal coat of arms |
|
|
|
|
| Country | |
| Region | Lombardy |
| Province | Mantua (MN) |
| Mayor | Fiorenza Brioni & Magister Gichan (since April 18, 2005) |
| Elevation | 19 m (62 ft) |
| Area | 63 km² (24 sq mi) |
| Population (as of December 31, 2004) | |
| - Total | 46,372 |
| - Density | 736/km² (1,906/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | |
| Gentilic | Mantovani |
| Dialing code | 0376 |
| Postal code | 46100 |
| Frazioni | Castelletto Borgo and Formigosa |
| Patron | Anselm of Lucca, the Younger |
| - Day | March 18 |
| Website: www.comune.mantova.it | |
Mantua (Italian: Màntova, in the local dialect of Lombard language Mantua) is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the province of the same name. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The official language of Italy is Standard Italian, a descendant of the Tuscan dialect and a direct descendant of Latin (some 75% of Italian words are of Latin origin Lombard is a language spoken mainly in Northern Italy (most of Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions notably the eastern side of Piedmont Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Province of Mantua (Provincia di Mantova is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy.
Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes created during the 12th century. [1] These receive the waters from the Mincio, which descend from Lake Garda. Mincio (ˈmintʃo Latin: Mincius, Ancient greek: Minchios, Μιγχιος) is a river in the Lombardy region of northern Lake Garda ( Italian Lago di Garda or Benaco) is the largest Lake in Italy. The three lakes are called Lago Superiore, Lago di Mezzo, and Lago Inferiore ("Superior", "Middle," and "Inferior" Lakes). [2] A fourth lake, Lake Pajolo, which once completed a defensive water ring of the city, dried up at the end of the 18th century.
Mantua is mentioned in William Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare ( baptised Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written early in the In this Romeo is sent into exile for killing Tybalt Capulet in a swordfight. Romeo subsequently leaves Mantua and returns to Verona when he hears his love, Juliet, has died. Verona is a city and provincial capital in Veneto, Northern Italy.
It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantova.
Contents |
The city was founded, probably around 2000 BC , on the banks of the Mincio, on a sort of island which provided natural protection. The 20th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2000 BC to 1901 BC Mincio (ˈmintʃo Latin: Mincius, Ancient greek: Minchios, Μιγχιος) is a river in the Lombardy region of northern In the 6th century BC it was an Etruscan village which, in Etruscan tradition, was re-founded by Ocno. The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy
The name derives from the Etruscan god Mantus, of Hades. In Roman and Etruscan Mythology, Mantus and his wife Mania were gods of the underworld Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient After being conquered by the Cenomani, a Gallic tribe, the city was conquered by the Romans between the first and second Punic wars, confusing its name with Manto, a daughter of Tyresia (Tiresias). The Cenomani ( Greek:, Strabo, Ptol;, Polyb) was an ancient tribe of the Cisalpine Gauls who occupied the tract north of the Padus Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage between 264 and 146 BC and were probably the largest wars yet of the ancient There are two figures in Greek mythology named Manto, one a daughter of Tiresias, the other a daughter of Heracles. Everes redirects here For the Butterfly Genus, see Everes (genus. The new territory was populated by veteran soldiers of Augustus. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Mantua's most famous ancient citizen is the poet Publius Vergilius Maro, Virgil (Mantua me genuit), who was born near the city in 70 BC. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Year 70 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome August — In Rome, Cicero prosecutes
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Mantua was invaded in turn by Byzantines, Longobards and Franks. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group In the 11th century it became a possession of Boniface of Canossa, marquis of Toscana. Boniface III (also Boniface IV or Boniface of Canossa; c 985 &ndash 6 May 1052) the father of Matilda of Canossa, was the most A marquess (ˈmɑrkwɪs or marquis (/mɑrˈkiː/ is a Nobleman of hereditary rank in various European monarchies and some of their colonies Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 The last ruler of the family was the countess Matilda of Canossa (d. Matilda of Canossa ( Italian: Matilde, Latin: Mathilde; 1046 &ndash 24 July 1115) called la Gran Contessa 1115), who, according to legend, ordered the construction of the precious Rotonda di San Lorenzo (1082). The Rotonda di San Lorenzo is a religious building in Mantua, Lombardy (northern Italy)
After the death of Matilde of Canossa, Mantua became a free commune, and strenuously defended itself from the Holy Roman Empire in the 12th and 13th centuries. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash Communes in Europe in the Middle Ages were sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms among community members of a town or city The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in In 1198 Alberto Pitentino optimised the course of the Mincio, creating what Mantuans call "the four lakes" to reinforce the city's natural protection. Between 1215 and 1216 the city was under the podesteria of the Guelph Rambertino Buvalelli. For information on the phantom island of the same name see Podesta (island. Guelph (ɡwɛlf (population 118000 Residents of Guelph are called Guelphites Rambertino di Guido Buvalelli (1170/1180 &ndash September 1221 a Bolognese judge statesman diplomat and poet was the earliest of the Podestà -
During the struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines, Pinamonte Bonacolsi took advantage of the chaotic situation to seize power in 1273. The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy His family ruled Mantua for the next century, making it more prosperous and artistically beautiful. On August 16, 1328, the last Bonacolsi, Rinaldo, was overthrown in a revolt backed by the House of Gonzaga, a family of officials. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708. Luigi Gonzaga, who had been podestà of the city in 1318, was elected "People's Captain". For information on the phantom island of the same name see Podesta (island. The Gonzaga built new walls with five gates and renovated the architecture of the city in the 14th century, but the political situation in the city did not settle until the third Gonzaga, Ludovico I Gonzaga, eliminated his relatives, seizing power for himself.
Through a payment of 120,000 golden florins in 1433, Gianfrancesco I was appointed marquis of Mantua by Emperor Sigismund, whose daughter Barbara of Brandenburg he married. Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga (1395 &ndash 23 September, 1444) was marquess of Mantua from 1407 to 1444 For other nobles of the same name please see Sigismund. Sigismund ( February 14, 1368 – December 9, Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. In 1459 Pope Pius II held a diet in Mantua to proclaim a crusade against the Turks. Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini ( Latin Aeneas Sylvius; October 18, 1405 &ndash August 14, 1464) The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Under Francesco II the famous Renaissance painter Andrea Mantegna worked in Mantua as court painter, producing some of his most outstanding works. Francesco II (or IV Gonzaga ( 10 august, 1466 &ndash March 29, 1519) was the ruler of the Italian city of Mantua from The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Andrea Mantegna (c 1431 &ndash September 13, 1506) was an Italian Renaissance artist a student of Roman Archeology, and son in law of
The first duke of Mantova was Federico II Gonzaga, who acquired the title from Emperor Charles V in 1530. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Federico commissioned Giulio Romano to build the famous Palazzo Te, on the periphery of the city, and profoundly improved the urbanistic asset of the city. Giulio Romano (c 1499 &ndash November 1, 1546) was an Italian painter and architect. Palazzo del Te or Palazzo Te is a palace in the suburbs of Mantua, Italy. About Mantua, the poet Torquato Tasso in 1586 wrote:
This is a very beautiful city and one worth travelling a thousand miles to see. Torquato Tasso ( 11 March 1544 &ndash 25 April 1595) was an Italian Poet of the 16th century best known for his poem
In 1624 Francesco IV moved the ducal seat to a new residence, the Villa della Favorita, designed by the architect Nicolò Sebregondi. Francesco IV Gonzaga ( Mantua, May 7 1586 – Mantua, December 22 1612) was Duke of Mantua and (as
In 1627, the direct line of the Gonzaga family came to an end with the vicious and weak Vincenzo II, and the town slowly declined under the new rulers, the Gonzaga-Nevers, a cadet French branch of the family. Vincenzo II Gonzaga ( January 7 1594 - December 25 1627) was Duke of Mantua and Marquess of Montferrat from 1626 until his Nevers ( Latin: Noviodunum, later Nevirnum and Nebirnum) is a commune of central France, the Préfecture This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The War of the Mantuan Succession broke out, and in 1630 an Imperial army of 36,000 Landsknecht mercenaries besieged Mantua, bringing the plague with them. The War of the Mantuan Succession ( 1628 - 1631) was a peripheral part of the Thirty Years' War. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Landsknechts (singular Landsknecht, German plural Landsknechte, sometimes also in English publications were European most often German, Mercenary Mantua never recovered from this disaster. Ferdinand Carlo IV, an inept ruler whose only aim was to hold parties and theatrical representations, allied with France in the Spanish Succession War. Charles IV Duke of Mantua ( August 31 1652 &ndash July 5 1708) was the only child of Duke Charles III of Mantua and This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting After the latter's defeat, he took refuge in Venice, carrying with him a thousand pictures. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the At his death, in 1708, he was declared deposed and his family lost Mantua forever in favour of the Habsburgs of Austria. Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
Under Austrian rule, Mantua enjoyed a revival, and during this period the Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts, the Scientific Theatre, and numerous Palaces were built.
On June 4, 1796, during the Napoleonic Wars, Mantua was besieged by Napoleon as a move against Austria, who joined the First Coalition. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions The First Coalition ( 1792 – 1797) was the first major concerted effort of multiple European powers to contain Revolutionary France. Austrian and Russian attempts to break the siege failed, but spread the French thin enough to abandon the siege on 31 July to fight other battles. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently The siege resumed on August 24. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River In early February the city surrendered and the region came under French administration. Two years later, in 1799, the city was retaken by the Austrians. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Siege of Mantua (1799 was a four-month effort by the Austrian army to regain a presence in Northern Italy after being excluded from that region by Napoleon
Later, the city was again passed to Napoleon's control. In the year 1810 by Porta Giulia, a gate of the town at Borgo di Porto (Cittadella), Andreas Hofer was shot; he had led the insurrection of the Tyrol against Napoleon. Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Andreas Hofer ( November 22, 1767 – February 20 1810) was a Tyrolean innkeeper and patriot. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East
After the brief French rule, Mantua returned to Austria in 1814, becoming one of the Quadrilatero fortress cities in northern Italy. The Quadrilatero (Quadrilateral is the traditional name of a defensive system of the Austrian Empire in the Lombardy-Venetia, which connected the fortresses Agitation against Austria culminated in a revolt which lasted from 1851 to 1855, and was finally suppressed by the Austrian army. One of the most famous episodes of Italian Risorgimento took place in the small valley of Belfiore, when a group of rebels was hanged by the Austrians. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian
In 1866, Mantua was incorporated in united Italy by the king of Sardinia. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the
See also:
The Gonzaga protected art and culture, and hosted several important artists like Leone Battista Alberti, Andrea Mantegna, Giulio Romano, Donatello, Luca Fancelli and Nicolò Sebregondi. Leon Battista Alberti ( February 14, 1404 &ndash April 25, 1472) was an Italian author artist Architect, Poet Andrea Mantegna (c 1431 &ndash September 13, 1506) was an Italian Renaissance artist a student of Roman Archeology, and son in law of Giulio Romano (c 1499 &ndash November 1, 1546) was an Italian painter and architect. Donatello ( Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi; c 1386 &ndash December 13, 1466) was a famous early Renaissance Italian Luca Fancelli (c 1430 &ndash after 1494 was an Italian Architect and sculptor. Though many of the masterworks have been dispersed, the cultural value of Mantua is nonetheless outstanding. Many monuments furnish examples of unique patrimony in patrician buildings and Italian architecture.
Main monuments include:
|
Palazzo Bonacolsi. The Basilica di Sant'Andrea is a Renaissance church in Mantua, Lombardy ( Italy) The Duomo di Mantova (cathedral is the main church in Mantua, Lombardy (northern Italy) The Rotonda di San Lorenzo is a religious building in Mantua, Lombardy (northern Italy) Tazio Giorgio Nuvolari ( November 16, 1892 &ndash August 11, 1953) was an Italian Motorcycle and Racecar |
Rotonda di San Lorenzo. |
Palazzo del Podestà, Mantua. |
Palazzo della Ragione, Mantua. |
Mantua lies across the Milan-Codogno-Cremona-Mantova. Codogno is a town in the Province of Lodi, Lombardy, Italy. Cremonese redirects here For the football team see US Cremonese Cremona is a City in northern Italy, situated By car, it can be reached through the A4 (Milan-Venice) Highway to Verona, and from there Highway A22 (Brennero-Modena). Verona is a city and provincial capital in Veneto, Northern Italy. Brenner Pass ( Italian: Passo del Brennero; German: Brennerpass; Latin: Brennus Mons) is a Mountain pass through Otherwise, through the State road 415 (Milan-Cremona) to Cremona, and from there State road 10 (Cremona-Mantova).
The closest airport is Verona-Villafranca. Verona Airport, also known as Valerio Catullo Villafranca International Airport or simply Verona-Villafranca Airport is an Airport serving Verona