A Mansard or Mansard roof in architecture refers to a style of hip roof characterized by two slopes on each of its four sides with the lower slope being much steeper, almost a vertical wall, while the upper slope, usually not visible from the ground, is pitched at the minimum needed to shed water. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation A hip roof, or hipped roof, is a type of Roof where all sides slope downwards to the walls usually with a fairly gentle slope This form makes maximum use of the interior space of the attic and is considered a practical form for adding a storey to an existing building. An attic is a space found directly below the pitched Roof of a house or other building (also called garret, Loft or Often the decorative potential of the Mansard is exploited through the use of convex or concave curvature and with elaborate dormer window surrounds. A dormer is a structural element of a building that protrudes from the plane of a sloping roof surface
It was popularized in France by the architect François Mansart (1598–1666). This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. François Mansart ( January 13, 1598 in Paris - September 23, 1666 in Paris) was a French Architect His treatment of high roof stories gave rise to the term "Mansard roof" (toiture à la Mansarde). The spelling Mansard is not a correct form of the name. Sections of the Louvre, such as the central portico of the Richelieu Wing, display this style of roof. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France
At a time when French houses were taxed by the number of floors below the roof, this feature had the added benefit of exempting the upper floor from taxation. A revival of the Mansard occurred in the 1850s rebuilding of Paris. Events and Trends Industry Production of Steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The style of that era in France is called Second Empire. This article is about the Second Empire architectural style For France during the reign of Napoleon III of France, see Second French Empire
Under the influence of the Neo-baroque revival of the French Second Empire (1850–1870), the mansard became a common feature in many later 19th-century buildings in Europe and North America. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Neo-Baroque is a term used to describe artistic creations which display important aspects of Baroque style but are not from the Baroque period proper around the 17th-18th This article is about the Second Empire architectural style For France during the reign of Napoleon III of France, see Second French Empire Another revival of the style occurred in the United States and Canada during the late 1800s as one of any number of expressive forms adopted by Victorian architects. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. This style of roof became very popular in Back Bay, Boston, during the 1870s. In the Second Empire style, the Mansard roof was typically used to top a tower element, rather than across the full width of the building.
In congested sites in cities, a mansard enabled builders to keep a decently low cornice line, while incorporating a couple of extra stories within the apparent roof. The term cornice comes from Italian cornice, meaning “ledge Mansards may be seen on New York City's former Grand Central Hotel (1869). The Grand Central Hotel, later renamed the Broadway Central Hotel, was a Hotel at 673 Broadway, New York City, that collapsed in August
Many fast-food restaurants, including most Pizza Hut and McDonald's outlets, also incorporate a simple mansard roof, usually covered in a synthetic material.
See also
- Gambrel (the two-slope idea applied to only two sides of the building)
- François Mansart
- Jules Hardouin Mansart
- Empire
- Second Empire
Notes
A gambrel (also known as a Dutch gambrel is a usually Symmetrical two-sided roof with two slopes on each side François Mansart ( January 13, 1598 in Paris - September 23, 1666 in Paris) was a French Architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart (Paris April 16, 1646 &ndash Marly-le-Roi, France May 11, 1708) was a French Architect whose The Empire Style, sometimes considered the second phase of Neoclassicism, is an early-19th-century Design movement in Architecture, Furniture This article is about the Second Empire architectural style For France during the reign of Napoleon III of France, see Second French EmpireDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic