This article is about the fruit. For other meanings of the word, please see mango (disambiguation).

Mango
Immature Black Mango fruit
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Sapindales Family: Anacardiaceae Genus: Mangifera L.
Species
More than 50 species; see listing

Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its Sapindales (pronounced /sæpɪn'deɪliz/ last two syllables just like the word dailies ''Webster's Third New International Dictionary'' p Anacardiaceae (the cashew family) is a family of Flowering plants bearing Fruits that are Drupes and in some cases producing Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Anacardiaceae (the cashew family) is a family of Flowering plants bearing Fruits that are Drupes and in some cases producing The Encyclopædia Britannica (2008) reports that the mango is "considered indigenous to eastern Asia, Myanmar (Burma), and Assam state of India". Cultivated in many tropical regions and distributed widely in the world, mango is one of the most popularly exploited fruits for food, juice, flavor, fragrance and color. JUICE is a widely used non-commercial Software package for editing and analysing phytosociological data Flavor or flavour is the sensory impression of a Food or other substance, and is determined Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living Its leaves are ritually used as floral decorations at weddings and religious ceremonies. A wedding is the Ceremony in which two people are united in Marriage.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Species 3 Description 4 Cultivation and uses 4.1 Diseases 4.2 Food 4.3 Nutrient and antioxidant properties 5 Production and consumption 6 Cultivars 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links

Etymology

The name mango is ultimately either from the Kodagu mange, the Malayalam manga, or the Tamil mangai, and was loaned into Portuguese in the early 16th century, and from Portuguese passed into English. Kodagu ( Kannada:ಕೊಡಗು is a district of Karnataka State in Southern India. Not to be confused with the Malay language. Malayalam (മലയാളം malayāḷaṁ) is a Dravidian language used Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. The ending in -o appears in English and is of unclear origin. ^[1]

Species

There are many species of mango, including:

Mangifera acutigemma Mangifera altissima Mangifera andamanica Mangifera applanata Mangifera austro-indica Mangifera austro-yunnanensis Mangifera blommesteinii Mangifera bullata Mangifera caesia Mangifera camptosperma Mangifera campnospermoides

Mangifera casturi Mangifera collina Mangifera decandra' Mangifera dewildei Mangifera dongnaiensis Mangifera flava Mangifera foetida Mangifera gedebe Mangifera gracilipes Mangifera griffithii Mangifera hiemalis

Mangifera indica Mangifera kemanga Mangifera lalijiwa Mangifera laurina Mangifera longipes Mangifera macrocarpa Mangifera magnifica Mangifera mekongensis Mangifera minutifolia Mangifera monandra Mangifera nicobarica

Mangifera odorata Mangifera orophila Mangifera pajang Mangifera paludosa Mangifera parvifolia Mangifera pedicellata Mangifera pentandra Mangifera persiciformis Mangifera quadrifida Mangifera rubropetala Mangifera rufocostata

Mangifera siamensis Mangifera similis Mangifera sumbawaensis Mangifera superba Mangifera swintonioides Mangifera sylvatica Mangifera taipa Mangifera torquenda Mangifera transversalis Mangifera zeylanica

Description

Mango trees (Mangifera indica) reach 35-40 m in height, with a crown radius of 10 m. UserPolbot. --> Mangifera acutigemma is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera altissima is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera andamanica is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera austro-indica is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera austro-yunnanensis is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera blommesteinii is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera bullata is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family See also Jackfruit The Malaysian Mango ( Mangifera caesia) locally called Binjai in the Malay language, is a species of Mango UserPolbot. --> Mangifera campnospermoides is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera casturi (also called Kalimantan Mango or Kasturi) was a species of Plant UserPolbot. --> Mangifera collina is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera dewildei is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera dongnaiensis is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera flava is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera foetida (also called Horse Mango) is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae UserPolbot. --> Mangifera gracilipes is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera hiemalis is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera lalijiwa is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera macrocarpa is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera magnifica is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera minutifolia is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera monandra is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera nicobarica is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera odorata (also called Kuwini Mango, Saipan Mango, or Fragrant Mango UserPolbot. --> Mangifera orophila is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera pajang is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera paludosa is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera parvifolia is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera pedicellata is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera pentandra is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera persiciformis or Peach Mango, is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae UserPolbot. --> Mangifera rubropetala was a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera rufocostata (locally called Asem Kiat) is a Species of Plant UserPolbot. --> Mangifera siamensis (also called Thai Mango, or Siamese Mango) is a species of Plant UserPolbot. --> Mangifera similis is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera sumbawaensis is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera superba is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera sylvatica (also known as the Himalayan Mango, Pickling Mango, or Nepal UserPolbot. --> Mangifera taipa is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera transversalis is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family UserPolbot. --> Mangifera zeylanica is a species of Plant in the Anacardiaceae family The leaves are evergreen, alternate, simple, 15-35 cm long and 6-16 cm broad; when the leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark glossy red, then dark green as they mature. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round The flowers are produced in terminal panicles 10-40 cm long; each flower is small and white with five petals 5-10 mm long, with a mild sweet odor suggestive of lily of the valley. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also A panicle is a compound Raceme, a loose much-branched indeterminate Inflorescence with pedicellate Flowers (and Fruit Convallaria majalis, commonly known as the Lily of the Valley or Lily-of-the-Valley, is the only species in the genus Convallaria After the flowers finish, the fruit takes from three to six months to ripen.

The ripe fruit is variable in size (right image) and color, such as yellow, orange, red or purple. Often red on the side facing the sun and yellow where shaded, a mango that is green usually indicates unripe fruit, but this depends on the cultivar. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar When ripe, the unpeeled fruit gives off a distinctive resinous sweet smell. Resin, not to be confused with Rosin, is a Hydrocarbon Secretion of many Plants particularly coniferous trees. In its center is a single flat oblong seed that can be fibrous or hairy on the surface, depending on cultivar. Fiber or fibre is a class of Materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces similar to lengths of thread. Inside the seed coat 1-2 mm thick is a thin lining covering a single embryo, 4-7 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, 1 cm thick. An embryo (from Greek:, plural, lit "that which grows" from en- "in" + bryein "to swell be full" is a multicellular

Cultivation and uses

Mangoes have been cultivated in the Indian Subcontinent for thousands of years^[2] and reached East Asia between the 5th-4th century BC. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. By the 10th century AD, they were transported to East Africa^[2] and subsequently introduced to Brazil, West Indies and Mexico, where climate allows its appropriate growth. East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. ^[2]

The origins of mango are thought to have been from a plant from Malaysia, India and Indonesia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. It probably was grown in southeast Asia before the seventh century, although the only references found are from Cambodia. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East The 14th century Muslim traveler, Ibn Battuta, reported it at Mogadishu. Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Al Lawati Al Tanji Ibn Battuta (أبو عبد الله محمد ابن عبد الله اللواتي الطنجي بن بطوطة (born February Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū ^[3]

Mango is now widely cultivated as a fruit tree in frost-free tropical and warmer subtropical climates throughout the Indian subcontinent, North, South and Central America, the Caribbean, south and central Africa, Australia and Southeast Asia. Frost is the solid deposition of Water vapor from saturated air This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. It is easily cultivated yielding more than 1,000 cultivars, ranging from the "turpentine mango" (named for its strong taste of turpentine, which according to the Oxford Companion to Food some varieties actually contain) to the huevos de toro (literally "eggs of the bull", a euphemism for "bull's testicles", referring to the shape and size). Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine oil of turpentine wood turpentine gum turpentine is a fluid obtained by the Distillation of Resin obtained from trees Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family The testicle (from Latin testiculus, diminutive of testis, meaning "witness" virility plural testes) is the male

Although a popular fruit around the world, many mango farmers receive a low price for their produce. This has led to mangoes being available as a fair trade item in some countries. Fair trade is an organized Social movement and market-based approach to empowering developing country producers and promoting sustainability Dwarf or semi-dwarf varieties, such as Nam Doc Mai, yield fruit in containers.

Diseases

Main article: List of mango diseases

Food

The fruit flesh of a ripe mango is very sweet, with a unique taste. This article is a list of diseases of Mangos ( Mangifera indica) The texture of the flesh varies markedly between different cultivars, some having a soft, pulpy texture similar to an over-ripe plum, while others having firmer flesh like a cantaloupe or avocado. A plum or gage is a stone fruit Tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. Cantaloupe (also cantaloup) refers to two varieties of Muskmelon ( Cucumis melo), which is a Species in the family Cucurbitaceae (a The avocado ( Persea americana) (from Nahuatl āhuacatl) also known as aguacate ( Spanish) butter pear or In some cultivars, the flesh has a fibrous texture. Mangoes are juicy with a sweet taste and high water content making them refreshing to eat.

Mangoes are widely used in chutney, which in the West is often very sweet, but in the Indian subcontinent is usually made with sour, raw mangoes and hot chilis or limes. Chutney ( Hindi: चटनी Urdu: چٹنی) (British spelling or chatni is a term for a variety of sweet and spicy Condiments, usually This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits (generally Citruses, both Species and hybrids, which are typically round green to yellow In India, ripe mango is often cut into thin layers, desiccated , folded, and then cut and sold as bars that are very chewy. Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness or the process of extreme drying These bars, known as amavat or halva in Hindi, are similar to dried guava fruit bars available in Colombia. Guava is a Genus of about 100 Species of Tropical Shrubs and small Trees in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. In many parts of India, people eat squeezed mango juice (called Ras), the thickness of which depends on the type of mango, with variety of bread items and is part of the meal rather than a dessert. Many people like to eat unripe mangoes (which are extremely sour; much more than lemon) with salt, and in regions where food is hotter, with salt and chili.

In Kerala, ripe mango (also ripe jackfruit) is used as a vegetable in the preparation of a dish called mambazha kaalan.

The fruit is also widely used as a key ingredient in a variety of cereal products, in particular muesli and oat granola.

In the Philippines, unripe mango is eaten with bagoong. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Bagoong Terong or bagoong, and bugguong in the Ilocano language is a common ingredient used in the Philippines and particularly in Northern Dried strips of sweet, ripe mango are also popular, with those from Cebu exported worldwide. Cebu is one of the Provinces of the Philippines. It lies to the east of Negros Island; to the west of Leyte and to the southeast is Bohol Guimaras island is also a major producer of a particularly delicious mango. Guimaras is an island province of the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region.

In Mexico, mango is used to make juices, smoothies, ice cream, fruit bars, raspados, aguas frescas, pies and sweet chili sauce, or mixed with chamoy, a sweet and spicy chili paste. For the fruit see Banana. For other meanings see Banana (disambiguation. The Island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727 The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. JUICE is a widely used non-commercial Software package for editing and analysing phytosociological data A smoothie is a blended chilled sweet beverage made from fresh fruit Ice cream or ice-cream (originally iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from Dairy products such as Milk and Cream, combined A snow cone (or sno cone. Spanish raspado) is a dessert item usually made of crushed or shaved ice flavored with brightly colored Sugary syrup usually Aguas frescas ( Spanish for "fresh (cold waters" are a combination of either Fruits, Cereals or Seeds, and Sugar A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a Pastry dough shell that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or Savoury ingredients Hot sauce, chili sauce, or pepper sauce refer to any spicy Sauce made from Chili peppers and other ingredients This article is about the condiment For the French village see Chamoy Aube. It is popular on a stick or also as a main ingredient in fresh fruit combinations.

Pieces of mango can be mashed and used as a topping on ice cream or blended with milk and ice as milkshakes. Ice cream or ice-cream (originally iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from Dairy products such as Milk and Cream, combined In Thailand and other South East Asian countries, sweet glutinous rice is flavored with coconut then served with sliced mango on top as a dessert. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj

In other parts of South-east Asia, mangoes are very popular pickled with fish sauce and rice vinegar. Fish sauce is a Condiment that is derived from fish that have been allowed to ferment.

Dried unripe mango used as a spice and is known as amchur (sometimes spelled amchoor) in India and ambi in Urdu. Aam is a Hindi/Urdu/Punjabi word for mango. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi

Note: The sweet bell pepper (capsicum) was once known as mango in parts of the midwestern United States. Capsicum is a Genus of Plants from the nightshade family ( Solanaceae) native to the Americas, where it was cultivated for thousands The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[4]

Nutrient and antioxidant properties

An excellent overall nutritional source, mango is rich in dietary fiber and carbohydrates. Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the Digestive system, absorbing water and easing Defecation. Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most ^[5] It contains diverse essential vitamins and minerals, many of which are particularly high in content. The antioxidant vitamins A, C and E comprise 25%, 76% and 9%, respectively, of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) in a 165 g serving. An antioxidant is a Molecule capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules Vitamin A refers to a family of similarly shaped molecules the Retinoids. Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian See also Tocopherol, Tocotrienol Vitamin E is the collective name for a set of 8 related Tocopherols and Tocotrienols which are fat-soluble The Dietary Reference Intake (or DRI is a system of Nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (IOM of the US National Academy of Sciences Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, 11% DRI), vitamin K (9% DRI), other B vitamins and essential nutrients such as potassium, copper and 17 amino acids are at good levels. Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble Vitamin. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP is the active form and is a cofactor in many reactions of Amino acid metabolism including The B vitamins are eight water-soluble Vitamins that play important roles in cell Metabolism. An essential nutrient is a Nutrient required for normal body functioning that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from a dietary source Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this Mango peel and pulp contain other phytonutrients, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, and omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a Fruit or Vegetable which could be peeled off Phytochemicals are plant-derived chemical compounds under scientific research for their potential health-promoting properties but with unproved benefits Carotenoids are organic Pigments that are naturally occurring in Chromoplasts of plants and some other photosynthetic Organisms Polyphenols are a group of chemical substances found in plants characterized by the presence of more than one Phenol unit or building block per molecule Polyunsaturated Fatty acids ( PUFA) are those which contain more than one Double bond.

Usually discarded as waste, the edible mango peel has considerable potential as an antioxidant food source. ^[6][7][8] Antioxidants of the peel and pulp include numerous carotenoids,^[9] polyphenols,^[10][11] such as quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechins, tannins, and the unique mango xanthone, mangiferin,^[12] any of which may counteract free radicals in various disease mechanisms as revealed in preliminary research. An antioxidant is a Molecule capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules Quercetin is a Flavonoid and to be more specific a flavonol. It is the Aglycone form of a number of other flavonoid Glycosides, such as Kaempferol is a natural Flavonoid that has been isolated from Tea, Broccoli, Delphinium, Witch-hazel, Grapefruit Gallic acid is an Organic acid, also known as 345-trihydroxy Benzoic acid, found in Gallnuts Sumac, Witch hazel, Tea leaves Caffeic acid, C 9 H 8 O 4 is a naturally occurring Phenolic compound (formerly called a carbolic Catechins are polyphenolic Antioxidant Plant Metabolites. They belong to the family of Flavonoids and to be more specific flavan-3-ols Tannins are Astringent, bitter plant Polyphenols that either bind and Precipitate or shrink Proteins The astringency from the tannins is what Xanthone is an Organic compound with the Molecular formula C13H8O2 In Chemistry, radicals (often referred to as free radicals) are atoms molecules or ions with Unpaired electrons on an otherwise Open shell ^[13][14] Up to 25 different carotenoids have been isolated from mango pulp, the densest content for which was beta-carotene accounting for the yellow-orange pigmentation of most mango species. Beta-carotene is an Organic compound - a Terpenoid, a red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits For the drug referred to as "pigment" see Black tar heroin. ^[15]

The mango triterpene, lupeol,^[16] is an effective inhibitor in laboratory models of prostate and skin cancers. Terpenes are a large and varied class of Hydrocarbons, produced primarily by a wide variety of plants particularly Conifers though also by some insects such ^[17][18][19] An extract of mango branch bark called Vimang, isolated by Cuban scientists, contains numerous polyphenols with antioxidant properties in vitro^[20] and on blood parameters of elderly humans. Polyphenols are a group of chemical substances found in plants characterized by the presence of more than one Phenol unit or building block per molecule In vitro ( Latin: within the glass refers to the technique of performing a given experiment in a controlled environment outside of a living Organism ^[21]

In the same plant family as poison sumac, mango's peel also contains the oil, urushiol, possibly eliciting a skin rash called urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. Poison sumac ( Toxicodendron vernix or Rhus vernix) is a woody Shrub or small tree growing to 7 m (20 ft tall For information on urushiol poisoning see Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis (also called Toxicodendron dermatitis and Rhus dermatitis) is the medical name given to allergic Rashes

Mango is recognized in the Muslim world as a possible supplement for sexual potency. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion ^[22]

Mango, raw Nutritional value per 100 g (3. 5 oz)
Energy 70 kcal   270 kJ
Carbohydrates     17. Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most 00 g - Sugars  14. 8 g - Dietary fiber  1. Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the Digestive system, absorbing water and easing Defecation. 8 g   Fat 0. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water 27 g Protein . Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl 51 g Vitamin A equiv. Vitamin A refers to a family of similarly shaped molecules the Retinoids.  38 μg  4% - β-carotene  445 μg  4% Thiamin (Vit. B1)  0. The term carotene is used for several related substances having the formula C40H56 For the similarly spelled pyrimidine see Thymine Thiamin or thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1 058 mg   4% Riboflavin (Vit. B2)  0. Riboflavin ( E101) also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed Micronutrient with a key role in maintaining Health 057 mg   4% Niacin (Vit. B3)  0. Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease Pellagra. 584 mg   4% Pantothenic acid (B5)  0. Pantothenic acid, also called Vitamin B5 (a B vitamin) is a water- Soluble vitamin required to sustain life ( 160 mg  3% Vitamin B6  0. Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble Vitamin. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP is the active form and is a cofactor in many reactions of Amino acid metabolism including 134 mg 10% Folate (Vit. Folic acid (also known as Vitamin M and Folacin) and Folate (the Anionic form are forms of the water-soluble Vitamin B9 B9)  14 μg  4% Vitamin C  27. Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian 7 mg 46% Calcium  10 mg 1% Iron  0. Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 13 mg 1% Magnesium  9 mg 2%  Phosphorus  11 mg 2% Potassium  156 mg   3% Zinc  0. Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 04 mg 0%
Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Reference Daily Intake (or Recommended Daily Intake ( RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient which was considered (at the time they were defined to be sufficient Source: USDA Nutrient database

Nutrient data in the text are for a 165 g serving as presented by Nutritiondata. com whereas the table presents data for a 100 g serving.

Production and consumption

Approximately 50% of all tropical fruits produced worldwide are mangoes. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates worldwide production of mangoes at more than 23 million tons in 2001. ^[23] With 10 million tons, India accounts for almost half of the world production, followed by China (3 million tons), Mexico (1. 5 million tons) and Thailand (1. 35 million tons). The aggregate production of 10 countries is responsible for roughly 80% of the entire world mango production.

Alphonso, Benishan or Benishaan (Banganpalli in Telugu and Tamil) and Kesar mango varieties are considered among the best mangoes in India. Alphonso (हापुस Haapoos in Marathi Aapoos in North Karnataka Kannada) is a Mango Cultivar that is considered by many to be one of India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Commonly exported, the Alphonso cultivar is grown exclusively in the Konkan region of Maharashtra. Alfonso ( Italian and Spanish) Alfons ( Catalan and German) Afonso ( Portuguese Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Alphonso is named after Afonso De Albuquerque who reputedly brought the drupe on his journeys to Goa. Dom Afonso de Albuquerque (or Afonso d'Albuquerque - disused (ɐˈfõsu dɨ aɫbuˈkɛɾk(ɨ (1453 Alhandra - Goa, December 16 1515 was a Portuguese In Botany, a drupe is a Fruit in which an outer fleshy part ( Exocarp, or skin and Mesocarp, or flesh surrounds a shell (the pit Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. The locals took to calling this Aphoos in Konkani and in Maharashtra the pronunciation got further corrupted to Hapoos. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST This variety then was taken to the Konkan region of Maharashtra and other parts of India. Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka states in the south, Gujarat in western India, and Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in the north are major producers of mangoes harvested especially to make spicy mango pickles having regional differences in taste. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India.

Generally, once ripe, mangoes have an orange-yellow or reddish peel and are juicy for eating while those intended for export are often picked while under-ripe with green peels. Although producing ethylene while ripening, unripened exported mangoes do not have the same juiciness or flavor as fresh fruit. Structure This Hydrocarbon has four Hydrogen Atoms bound to a pair of Carbon atoms that are connected by a Double bond.

Mangoes are popular throughout Latin America. In Mexico, sliced mango is eaten with chili powder and/or salt. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Chili powder is a Generic name for any powdered Spice mix composed chiefly of Chili peppers, most commonly either red peppers or cayenne peppers Street vendors sometimes sell whole mangoes on a stick, dipped in the chili-salt mixture. In Indonesia, green mango is sold by street vendors with sugar and salt and/or chili, or used in a sour salad called rujak or rojak in Malaysia and Singapore. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Rojak ( is a fruit and vegetable salad dish commonly found in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia (where it is called Rujak) For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Singapore Ayurveda considers ripe mango sweet and heating, balancing all three doshas (humors), while also providing energy. Ayurveda ( Devanāgarī: आयुर्वॆद the 'science of life' is a system of Traditional medicine native to India, and practiced in other Ayurveda ( Devanāgarī: आयुर्वॆद the 'science of life' is a system of Traditional medicine native to India, and practiced in other Powdered raw mango is sometimes a condiment in various cuisines. Cuisine (from French cuisine, "cooking culinary art kitchen" ultimately from Latin coquere, "to cook" is a specific set

Cultivars

Main article: List of mango cultivars

Many hundreds of named mango cultivars exist. Worldwide hundreds of Mango Cultivars exist In mango Orchards multiple cultivars are often grown together to improve cross-pollination A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar In mango orchards, several cultivars are often intermixed to improve cross-pollination. An orchard is an intentional planting of Trees or Shrubs maintained for Food production.

In Maharashtra, the most common cultivar is Alphonso known in Asia under its original name, Hapoos. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Alphonso (हापुस Haapoos in Marathi Aapoos in North Karnataka Kannada) is a Mango Cultivar that is considered by many to be one of Popular outside the Indian subcontinent, Alphonso is an important export product.

Other popular cultivars include

• in Uttar Pradesh, Dasheri, famous for its aroma
• Langra from Varanasi
• Bombai from Bihar
• Banganapalli, also called Benishan or Benishaan
• Maldah from Bihar and West Bengal
• Kuini from West Malaysia

Notably,cultivars which excel in one climate fail to achieve elsewhere. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Worldwide hundreds of Mango Cultivars exist In mango Orchards multiple cultivars are often grown together to improve cross-pollination Varanasi ( Sanskrit: वाराणसी Vārāṇasī, pronunciation) also commonly known as Benares ( or Banaras (बनारस Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. Worldwide hundreds of Mango Cultivars exist In mango Orchards multiple cultivars are often grown together to improve cross-pollination Worldwide hundreds of Mango Cultivars exist In mango Orchards multiple cultivars are often grown together to improve cross-pollination Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. UserPolbot. --> Mangifera odorata (also called Kuwini Mango, Saipan Mango, or Fragrant Mango Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia) also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on The cultivar Julie, a Jamaican favorite, and Alphonso have not been successfully grown in Florida.

Currently, the world market is dominated by the cultivar Tommy Atkins, a seedling of Haden which first fruited in 1940 in southern Florida, USA. Tommy Atkins is the most important Mango Cultivar in global Trade. Despite being initially rejected commercially by Florida researchers, Tommy Atkins is now a favorite worldwide. For example, 80% of mangos in UK supermarkets are Tommy Atkins. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good Despite its fibrous flesh and fair taste, growers world-wide have embraced the cultivar for its exceptional production and disease resistance, the shelf-life of its fruit, their transportability as well as size and appealing color. Shelf life is that length of time that Food, drink Medicine and other perishable items are given before they are considered unsuitable for sale or Tommy Atkins is predominant in the USA as well, although other cultivars, such Kent, Keitt, the Haitian grown Madame Francis and the Mexican grown Champagne are widely available.

In urban areas of southern Florida, small gardens, or lack thereof, have fueled the desire for dwarf mango trees. In Horticulture dwarfing is considered a desirable characteristic in modern Orchards where genetic dwarfs may be selected and propagated or more often scions are The Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden has promoted "condo mangos" which produce at a height below 2-2. Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden is a superb 33 ha (83 acre botanic garden with extensive collections of rare tropical plants including palms, Cycads flowering 5 m.

A list of additional leading cultivars can be found at the cultivar list in the external links below.

There is an Australian variety of mango known as R2E2, a name based on the orchard row location of the original plant.

See also

• Recalcitrant seed
• Mango oil
• Poison Ivy family (Anacardiaceae)
• Urushiol Contact dermatitis

Notes

References

• Ensminger, Audrey H. ; Ensminger, Marion E. (1994). Foods and Nutrition Encyclopedia. CRC Press, 1373. ISBN 0849389801.  
• Ensminger, Audrey H. ; et al. (1995). The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods & Nutrition. CRC Press, 651. ISBN 0849344557.  

External links

• Mango Culture & Care on CultureSheet. org
• National Mango Board
• Mangoes from Mux, Pakistan
• How to grow a Mango
• How to cut and peel a Mango
• Sorting Mangifera species
• Plant Cultures: botany, history and uses of mango
• Mango research pages
• Mango cultivar list
• Alphabetized mango cultivar list
• Mango
• Toxicodendron Dermatitis: Information on allergic reactions to plants such as Mangos
• List of Mangifera species native to Indonesia
• SAJAforum.org on historic arrival of Indian mangoes to the U.S.
• Cool Indian Mango shake recipe Video
• Descriptors for Mango (Mangifera indica L.)
• Mango Information System
• Mango Recipes

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