Citizendia

Maned Wolf[1]

Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Carnivora
Family:Canidae
Subfamily:Caninae
Genus:Chrysocyon
C. The conservation status of a Species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future Near Threatened ( NT) is a Conservation status assigned to species or lower taxa which may be considered threatened with extinction in the near future although The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands The diverse order Carnivora (kɑrˈnɪvərə or sometimes /ˌkɑrnɪˈvɔərə/ from Latin carō (stem carn-) "flesh" + vorāre The Canidae (ˈkænədiː ′kanə′dē family is a part of the order Carnivora within the Mammals (Class Mammalia The Subfamily Caninae includes all living Canids and their closest fossil relatives such as the Sardinian Dhole. E. H. Smith, 1839
Species:C. brachyurus
Binomial name
Chrysocyon brachyurus
(Illiger, 1815)

The Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest canid of South America, resembling a big fox with reddish fur. Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger ( November 19, 1775 - May 1813 was a German Entomologist and Zoologist. The Canidae (ˈkænədiː ′kanə′dē family is a part of the order Carnivora within the Mammals (Class Mammalia South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a

This mammal is found in open and semi-open habitats, especially grasslands with scattered bushes and trees, in south-eastern Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goiás and São Paulo), Paraguay, northern Argentina, Bolivia east of the Andes, and Peru. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Grasslands (also called greenswards) are areas where the Vegetation is dominated by Grasses ( Poaceae) and other Herbaceous (non-woody |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Mato Grosso ('matu 'gɾosu is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest in area, located in the western part of the country Mato Grosso do Sul (ˈmatu ˈgɾosu du ˈsuw is one of the states of Brazil. Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, the second most populous and fourth largest by area in the federation Goiás (goˈjajs is a state of Brazil, located in the central part of the country ( is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. [3] It formerly occurred in Uruguay. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America IUCN lists it as near threatened,[2] while it is considered vulnerable by the Brazilian government (IBAMA). Near Threatened ( NT) is a Conservation status assigned to species or lower taxa which may be considered threatened with extinction in the near future although Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources ( Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) is the Brazilian It is the only species in the genus Chrysocyon. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic

Contents

Description

The Maned Wolf has often been described as "a Red Fox on stilts" due to its similar coloration and overall appearance, though it is much larger than a Red Fox and belongs to a different genus. The Red Fox ( Vulpes vulpes) is a Mammal of the order Carnivora. Stiltwalker parade 2004jpg|thumb|A stiltwalker participates in a parade dressed as a Court jester]] Stilts are poles posts or pillars used to allow a person or structure to The adult animal stands almost 1 m (3 ft) tall at the shoulder, and weighs 20 to 25 kg. (50 to 55 lb). [4] The long legs are probably an adaptation to the tall grasslands of its native habitat. [5]

The Maned Wolf's fur is reddish brown to golden orange on the sides, with long, black legs and a distinctive black mane. The coat is further marked with a whitish tuft at the tip of the tail and a white "bib" beneath the throat. The mane is erectile, and is typically used to enlarge the wolf's profile when threatened or when displaying aggression.

Habits

Hunting and territoriality

Unlike other large canids (such as the Gray Wolf, the African Hunting Dog, or the Dhole) the Maned Wolf does not form packs. The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora The African wild dog ( Lycaon pictus) is a carnivorous mammal of the Canidae family found only in Africa, especially in scrub Savanna The Dhole ( Cuon alpinus) also known as the Asiatic Wild Dog, Indian Wild Dog or Red Dog is a Mammal of the order Carnivora [4] It hunts alone, usually between sundown and midnight. It kills its prey by biting on the neck or back, and shaking it violently if necessary. [6] Monogamous pairs may defend a shared territory of about 30 km² (11. 6 sq mi), though the wolves themselves may seldom meet, outside of mating. The territory is criscrossed by paths that the wolves create as they patrol at night. Several adults may congregate in the presence of a plentiful food source; a fire-cleared patch of grassland, for example, which would leave small vertebrate prey exposed to foraging wolves.

Both male and female Maned Wolves use their urine to communicate, e. Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the Kidneys by a process of filtration from Blood and Excreted through the Urethra. g. to mark their hunting paths, or the places where they have buried hunted prey. [6] The urine has a very distinctive smell, which some people liken to hops or cannabis. Hops are the female Flower cones of the hop plant ( Humulus lupulus) Cannabis ( Cán-na-bis) is a Genus of Flowering plants that includes three putative species Cannabis sativa subsp The responsible substance is very likely a pyrazine, which occurs in both plants. Pyrazine is a Heterocyclic Aromatic Organic compound. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with Point group D2h (In the Rotterdam Zoo, this smell once set the police on a hunt for cannabis smokers. Diergaarde Blijdorp (Official Dutch name Stichting Koninklijke Rotterdamse Diergaarde, Foundation Royal Zoo of Rotterdam is a Zoo in the northwestern [7])

Reproduction

Maned wolves have long legs
Maned wolves have long legs

The mating season ranges from November to February. Gestation lasts 60 to 65 days, and a litter may have up to 2 to 6 black-furred pups, each weighing about 450 g (16 oz). Gestation is the carrying of an Embryo or Fetus inside a Female Viviparous Animal. [6]

Diet

The Maned Wolf specializes in small and medium-sized prey, including small mammals (typically rodents and hares), birds, and even fish. Rodentia is an order of Mammals also known as rodents, characterised by two continuously-growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must Hares and jackrabbits are Leporids belonging to the Genus Lepus. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two [8][6] A large fraction of its diet (over 50%, according to some studies) is vegetable matter, including sugarcane, tubers, and fruit (especially the Wolf Apple (Solanum lycocarpum). [9]. Captive Maned Wolves were traditionally fed meat-heavy diets and developed bladder stones. Zoo diets now feature fruits and vegetables, as well as meat and dog chow.

Relations with other species

The Maned Wolf participates in symbiotic relationships with the plants that it feeds on, as it carries the seeds of various plants, and often defecates on the nests of leafcutter ants. This article is about the biological phenomenon for other uses see Symbiosis (disambiguation The term symbiosis (from the Greek Leafcutter ants are social Insects found in warmer regions of the Americas. The ants then use the dung to fertilize their fungus gardens, and later discard the seeds onto refuse piles just outside their nest. This process significantly increases the germination rate of the seeds. [10] The wolf is particularly susceptible to renal nematode infections, a potentially fatal parasite. The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles The nematodes or roundworms ( Phylum Nematoda from Greek (nema "thread" + -ode "like" are one of the most common An infection is the detrimental Colonization of a host Organism by a foreign Species. The Maned Wolf is not a true, common prey species for any other predator, though it may be attacked or killed by feral domestic dogs. The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated Subspecies of the gray wolf, a Mammal of the Canidae family of the order The Cougar is a potential competitor. The cougar ( Puma concolor) also puma, mountain lion, or panther, depending on region is a Mammal of the Felidae family

Relations with humans

The Maned Wolf is said to be a potential chicken thief; it was once also considered a threat to cattle and sheep, though this is now known to be false. The chicken ( Gallus gallus, sometimes G gallus domesticus) is a domesticated Fowl which is traditionally believed to have descended from Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family In Brazil, the animal was historically hunted down for some body parts, notably the eyes, that were believed to be good luck charms. However, as it is now classified as vulnerable by the Brazilian government, it is afforded protection from poachers. Wolves are also threatened by habitat loss and being run over by cars. Habitat destruction is the process in which natural Habitat is rendered functionally unable to support the species originally present Wolves risk both physical harm and catching diseases from domestic dogs. The Maned Wolf is generally shy and flees when alarmed, and it poses little direct threat to man. It occurs in several protected areas, including the national parks of Caraça and Emas in Brazil. The Emas National Park (Parque Nacional das Emas is a National park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site located between The Maned Wolf is well represented in captivity, and has been bred successfully at a number of zoos, particularly in Argentina.

Taxonomy

The Maned Wolf is not closely related to any other canid. It is apparently a survivor from the Pleistocene fauna of large South American mammals; its closest living relative is the Bush Dog (genus Speothos), with a more distant relationship to other South American canines (the Short-eared Dog, the Crab-eating Fox and the 'false foxes' or Pseudalopex). The Pleistocene ('plaɪstəsin is the epoch from 18 million to 10000 years BP covering the world's recent period For the conservative Democratic group within the United States House of Representatives, see Blue Dog Coalition. Speothos is a genus of Canid found in Central and South America. The Short-eared Dog ( Atelocynus microtis) also known as the Short-eared Fox or the Short-eared Zorro, is a Canid Species The Crab-eating Fox ( Cerdocyon thous) also known as the Forest Fox, Wood Fox, and the Common Fox, is a medium-sized canid found Lycalopex is the Genus name for some South American members of the Canidae family [11]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (16 November 2005). Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. in Wilson, D. E. , and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, {{{pages}}}. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.  
  2. ^ a b Sillero-Zubiri & Hoffmann (2004). Chrysocyon brachyurus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is near threatened.
  3. ^ Langguth, A. (1975). "Ecology and evolution in the South American canids", in M. W. Fox, ed. : The wild canids: their systematics, behavioral ecology and evolution. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Pp. 192-206.  
  4. ^ a b Dietz, J. M. (1984). "Ecology and social organization of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 392: 1-51.  
  5. ^ Dietz, James (1984). in Macdonald, D. : The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File, 31. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.  
  6. ^ a b c d Cristian Frers. Un lobo de crin llamado Aguará Guazú. Retrieved on 2007-04-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at
  7. ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung, 2006-09-02, p3
  8. ^ Juarez, Keila Macfadem; Jader Marinho-Filho (November 2002). "Diet, habitat use, and home ranges of sympatric canids in central Brazil". Journal of Mammalogy 83 (4): 925-934.  
  9. ^ Motta-Junior, J. C. , S. A. Talamon, J. A. Lombardi, AND K. Simokomaki (1996). "Diet of maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, in central Brazil". Journal of Zoology (London) 240: 277-284.  
  10. ^ O. Courtenay. Conservation of the Maned Wolf: fruitful relationships in a changing environment. Canid News, Vol. 2, 1994.
  11. ^ Kerstin, Lindblad-Toh; Claire M Wade, Tarjei S. Mikkelsen, Elinor K. Karlsson, David B. Jaffe, Michael Kamal, Michele Clamp, Jean L. Chang, Edward J. Kulbokas III, Michael C. Zody, Evan Mauceli, Xiaohui Xie, Matthew Breen, Robert K. Wayne, Elaine A. Ostrander, Chris P. Ponting, Francis Galibert, Douglas R. Smith, Pieter J. deJong, Ewen Kirkness, Pablo Alvarez, Tara Biagi, William Brockman, Jonathan Butler, Chee-Wye Chin, April Cook, James Cuff, Mark J. Daly, David DeCaprio, Sante Gnerre, Manfred Grabherr, Manolis Kellis, Michael Kleber, Carolyne Bardeleben, Leo Goodstadt, Andreas Heger, Christophe Hitte, Lisa Kim, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Heidi G. Parker, John P. Pollinger, Stephen M. J. Searle, Nathan B. Sutter, Rachael Thomas, Caleb Webber (2005-12-08). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. "Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog". Nature 438: 803-819. doi:10.1038/nature04338. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  

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