A mandrel (pronounced /ˈmændrɨl/, and also spelled mandril; in American English also called an arbor) is either an object used to shape machined work; a tool component that grips or clamps materials to be machined; or a tool component that can be used to grip other moving tool components. Phonology North American English regional phonology In many ways compared to English English, North American English is conservative in its Phonology. A broader definition of a tool is an entity used to interface between two or more domains that facilitates more effective action of one domain upon the other Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale Materials are physical Substances used as inputs to production or Manufacturing.

An example of one type of mandrel is a shaped bar of metal inserted in, or next to, an item to be machined or bent in a certain pattern. The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across A pattern, from the French patron, is a theme of recurring events or objects sometimes referred to as elements of a set Exhaust pipes in automobiles are frequently bent using a mandrel during manufacture. An exhaust system is usually tubing used to guide waste Exhaust gases away from a controlled Combustion inside an Engine or Stove. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale The mandrel allows the exhaust pipes to be bent into smooth curves without undesirable creasing, kinking, or collapsing. In Mathematics, the concept of a curve tries to capture the intuitive idea of a geometrical one-dimensional and continuous object Molten glass may be shaped in this way as well. Melting is a process that results in the phase change of a substance from a Solid to a Liquid. Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Another example of this type of mandrel is found in jewelry manufacturing, where ring and bracelet mandrels are used to shape metal into a desired size and shape, using a tiny hammer to beat the metal against the mandrel. Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal Ornament, such as a necklace ring or bracelet made from Gemstones A finger ring is a band worn as a type of ornamental Jewellery around a finger it is the most common current meaning of the word ring. bracelet is an article of Jewelry which is worn around the Wrist. The shape ( OE sceap Eng created thing) of an object located in some space refers to the part of space occupied by the object as determined A hammer is a tool meant to deliver an impact to an object The most common uses are for driving nails fitting parts and breaking up objects

Old shop made mandrel for turning hollow objects on an engine lathe.

Another type of mandrel is the clamp that a lathe uses to hold pieces of wood, metal or plastic to be machined as they are turned. A clamp is a fastening device to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement or separation through the application of inward Pressure. A lathe (ˈleɪð is a Machine tool which spins a block of material to perform various operations such as Cutting, Sanding, Knurling Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products In this way, rods can be threaded, furniture legs are turned to have beautiful patterns, and irregularly-shaped objects can be given a cylindrical or round shape. In Geometry, a rod is a 3- Dimensional Solid (filled cylinder. Furniture is the Mass noun for the movable objects which may support the human body (seating furniture and beds, provide storage or hold objects on horizontal A pattern, from the French patron, is a theme of recurring events or objects sometimes referred to as elements of a set There are several types of mandrels used with lathes. An expanding mandrel is slightly tapered with a tapered wedge that will expand to hold the item. Other commercial mandrels are very slightly tapered and the hollow object slides down the taper until it 'sticks'. The shop made mandrel shown in the photo is designed to clamp a hollow tube or gear between the two tapered plugs. There is nothing about such a mandrel that can't be made right on the lathe on which it is to be used so it is not uncommon for machinists to make a mandrel to hold a particular item, and then set the mandrel aside hoping to use it again some day. Mandrels of this type are usually set in the lathe on centers and turned with a lathe dog. A lathe carrier (or lathe dog) is a device that clamps around the workpiece and allows the Rotary motion of the machine's spindle to be transmitted to the workpiece

The third type of mandrel discussed here is that which is used to hold circular saw blades, buffing wheels (used for polishing), and sanding discs onto drills, circular saws, and similar power tools. A saw is a Tool that uses a hard blade or wire with an abrasive edge to cut through softer materials A blade is the flat part of a Tool, Weapon, or Machine (such as a fan) that normally has a cutting edge and/or pointed end typically made A wheel is a circular device that is capable of rotating on its axis facilitating movement or transportation whilst supporting a load ( Mass) or performing labour in machines A drill (from Dutch Drillen) is A mandrel of this type generally consists of a cylinder, threaded on one end, with a washer brazed onto the threaded end and an accompanying screw and second washer which are used to clamp the circular saw blade, sanding media, or other rotary tool onto the mandrel. A cylinder is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes the Surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given Straight line, the axis A screw is a shaft with a helical groove or thread formed on its surface and provision at one end to turn the screw

While most mandrels are driven by direct connection to an electric motor or engine, other mandrels are driven by attachment to a bearing-supported, pulley-driven shaft. An electric motor uses Electrical energy to produce Mechanical energy. The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a A pulley (also called a sheave or block) is a Wheel with a groove between two Flanges around its Circumference

In fiber optics, an optical fiber is often wrapped around a mandrel to alter the light traveling in the fiber. An optical fiber (or fibre) is a Glass or Plastic fiber that carries Light along its length In multimode Fiber optics, mandrel wrapping is a technique used to preferentially attenuate high-order mode power of a propagating optical signal.

In the production of steel core used for flexible drives, the centre wire upon which the subsequent layers are wound is referred to as a Mandrel. This 'centre wire' may itself be composed of either a single wire or layers depending on the sizing of the finished product.

History

Mandrels are not recent inventions. An invention is a new form composition of matter device or Process. Metal machining utilizing the spinning process has been recorded as far back as ancient Egyptian times. Metal spinning, or spin forming, is a Metal working process by which a disc or tube of Metal is rotated at high speed and formed into an axially Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now In metal spinning, a wood or metal spinning mandrel is used, the form of which corresponds with the internal contour of the part to be produced. A contour line (also Level set, isopleth, isoline, isogram or isarithm) of a function of two This method securely clamps the raw material and allows for accurate machining into the desired final form. Since the material is clamped internally, there is no interference to the operator from the lathe/mandrel assembly during production. In physics interference is the addition ( superposition) of two or more Waves that result in a new wave pattern

Also, the traversing mandrel was introduced around the year 1700 AD, and consisted of designing a lathe mandrel that would be able to slide axially in its bearings under the control of the operator, so that components having short lengths of thread could be produced, such as screws. Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another A lathe (ˈleɪð is a Machine tool which spins a block of material to perform various operations such as Cutting, Sanding, Knurling In Mathematics, an operator is a function which operates on (or modifies another function A screw thread is a helical or tapered structure used to convert between rotational and linear movement or force A screw is a shaft with a helical groove or thread formed on its surface and provision at one end to turn the screw The traversing mandrel was primarily employed by clockmakers and ornamental turners during this era. An era is a commonly used word for long period of time When used in science for example geology eras denote clearly defined periods of time of arbitrary but well defined Eventually this device was superseded by a mandrel-driven device called a leadscrew, which utilizes a train of gears that can be altered as required for the turning application. A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity A leadscrew is a screw specialized for the purpose of translating rotational to linear motion A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track ( Permanent way) to transport freight or passengers from one place to another This is the page for mechanical Gears For other uses see Gear (disambiguation For the gear-like device used to drive a roller chain see Sprocket

Images

Rotary tool mandrel with an accompanying grinding wheel.

Pulley-driven mandrel used to hold lawn tractor cutting blades.

External links

Historical pictures of mandrels, lathes and leadscrews: http://www.historicgames.com/lathes/special.html

References

The Ornamental Turning Center: http://www.turners.org/Articles/lathehistory.html
Verschoyle Patent Mandrel

See also

• Operation Mandrel