Bone: Mandible
Mandible. Outer surface. Side view
Mandible. Inner surface. Side view
Latin	mandibula
Gray's	subject #44 172
Precursor	1st branchial arch[1]
MeSH	Mandible

The mandible (from Latin mandibula, "jawbone") or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Introduction ( classes Long bones body or Diaphysis Medullary canal In the development of vertebrate animals, the pharyngeal arches (also called branchial arches or gill arches in fish develop during the fourth Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books This article is about the Mammal maxilla For Arthropod maxillae see Mouthparts; for Insect maxillae in particular see Insect mouthparts Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce The term face refers to the central sense organ complex for those animals that have one normally on the ventral surface of the head and can depending on the definition It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming or near the entrance to the Mouth.

Components

The mandible consists of:

• a curved, horizontal portion, the body. (See body of mandible). The body of the Mandible is curved somewhat like a horseshoe and has two surfaces and two borders
• two perpendicular portions, the rami, which unite with the ends of the body nearly at right angles. (See ramus mandibulae)
• Alveolar process, the tooth bearing area of the mandible (upper part of the body of the mandible)
• Condyle, superior (upper) and posterior projection from the ramus, which makes the temporomandibular joint with the temporal bone
• Coronoid process, superior and anterior projection from the ramus. The ramus of the Mandible ( perpendicular portion) is Quadrilateral in Shape, and has two surfaces four borders and two processes The temporomandibular joint is the joint of the Jaw and is frequently referred to as TMJ. The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the Skull. This provides attachment to the temporalis muscle

Foramens

• Mandibular foramen, paired, in the inner (medial) aspect of the mandible, superior to the mandibular angle in the middle of the ramus. The temporalis muscle is one of the muscles of mastication. Structure It arises from the Temporal fossa and the deep part of Temporal fascia
• Mental foramen, paired, lateral to the mental protuberance on the body of mandible.

Nerves

Inferior alveolar nerve, branch of the mandibular division of Trigeminal (V) nerve, enters the mandibular foramen and runs forward in the mandibular canal, supplying sensation to the teeth. The inferior alveolar nerve (sometimes called the inferior dental nerve) is a branch of the Mandibular nerve, which is itself the third branch (V3 of the fifth At the mental foramen the nerve divides into two terminal branches: incisive and mental nerves. The incisive nerve runs forward in the mandible and supplies the anterior teeth. The mental nerve exits the mental foramen and supplies sensation to the lower lip.

Articulations

The mandible articulates with the two temporal bones at the temporomandibular joints

Injuries

Mandibular fractures are often accompanied by a 'twin fracture' on the contralateral (opposite) side. The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the Skull. The temporomandibular joint is the joint of the Jaw and is frequently referred to as TMJ. In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species

The mandible may be dislocated anteriorly (to the front) and inferiorly (downwards) but very rarely posteriorly (backwards).

Excessive growth of the mandible is linked to balance problems.

See also

• Bone terminology
• Terms for anatomical location
• Changes produced in the mandible by age
• Ossification of the mandible
• Oral and maxillofacial surgery

Additional images

Front	Mandible	Gray181. Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species At birth 7 the body of the bone is a mere shell containing the sockets of the two incisor the canine and the two deciduous molar Teeth, imperfectly partitioned off from one another The Mandible is ossified in the fibrous membrane covering the outer surfaces of Meckel's cartilages. Oral and maxillofacial surgery is surgery to correct a wide spectrum of diseases injuries and defects in the head neck face jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial png	Facial bones
Lateral	Dorsal	Side view of the skull.	The skull from the front.
The veins of the neck, viewed from in front.

References

1. ^ hednk-023 — Embryology at UNC

External links

• SUNY Labs 34:st-0203 - "Oral Cavity: Bones"
• Diagram at uni-mainz.de

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC, North Carolina, or simply Carolina) is a public, Coeducational Research The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kind The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened is an English-language Human anatomy Textbook As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.