Mandala 2 - Citizendia

The second Mandala of the Rigveda has 43 hymns, mainly to Agni and Indra chiefly attributed to the Rishi gṛtsamada śaunohotra. The Rigveda ( Sanskrit sa ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, a compound of ṛc "praise verse" and veda "knowledge" Agni is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word agni is Sanskrit for "fire" (noun cognate with Latin ignis Indra ( Sanskrit: इन्द्र or इंद्र Indra, Malay: Indera, Thai: พระอินทร์ Phra-Intra Grtsamada (ग्र्त्समद is a Rishi, credited with most of Mandala 2 of the Rigveda (36 out of 43 hymns 27-29 being attributed to his son It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda.

Witzel (1995) on the basis of internal evidence suggested that the second Mandala contains the oldest hymns of the Rigveda, but changed his opinion in 2001, dating it with the "mid-level" texts. ^[1]. In circumvedic tradition, rishi Grtsamada of Mandala 2 is a descendant of Sunahotra Bharadvaja (of Mandala 6), which would suggests a younger age of Mandala 2 than that of Mandala 6, favoured by Talageri (2000) as the earliest. ^[2] There is no generally accepted relative sequence among the family books in terms of age: Being books preserved by individual families preceding the final redaction of the Rigveda into shakhas, they are all accepted to date to the earliest Vedic period, but considered themselves to be the parallel product of several generations. A shakha ( Sanskrit IAST śākhā, literally "branch" or "limb" is a Hindu theological school that specializes in learning

List of incipits

The dedication as given by Griffith is in square brackets

2. 1 (192) [ Agni. Agni is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word agni is Sanskrit for "fire" (noun cognate with Latin ignis  ] tvám agne dyúbhis tuvám āśuśukṣáṇis 
2. 2 (193) [Agni. ] yajñéna ? vardhata jātávedasam 
2. 3 (194) [ Apris. Apri ( āprī) in Sanskrit means "conciliation propitiation" and refers to special Invocations spoken previous to the offering of Oblations ] sámiddho agnír níhitaḥ pṛthivyâm 
2. 4 (195) [Agni. ] huvé vaḥ sudiyótmānaṃ suvṛktíṃ 
2. 5 (196) [Agni. ] hótājaniṣṭa cétanaḥ 
2. 6 (197) [Agni. ] imâm me agne samídham 
2. 7 (198) [Agni. ] śréṣṭhaṃ yaviṣṭha bhārata 
2. 8 (199) [Agni. ] vājayánn iva nû ráthān 
2. 9 (200) [Agni. ] ní hótā hotṛṣádane vídānas 
2. 10 (201) [Agni. ] johûtro agníḥ prathamáḥ pitéva 
2. 11 (202) [ Indra. Indra ( Sanskrit: इन्द्र or इंद्र Indra, Malay: Indera, Thai: พระอินทร์ Phra-Intra  ] śrudhî hávam indra mâ riṣaṇyaḥ 
2. 12 (203) [Indra. ] yó jātá evá prathamó mánasvān 
2. 13 (204) [Indra. ] ṛtúr jánitrī tásyā apás pári 
2. 14 (205) [Indra. ] ádhvaryavo bháraténdrāya sómam 
2. 15 (206) [Indra. ] prá ghā nú asya maható mahâni 
2. 16 (207) [Indra. ] prá vaḥ satâṃ jyéṣṭhatamāya suṣṭutím 
2. 17 (208) [Indra. ] tád asmai návyam aṅgirasvád arcata 
2. 18 (209) [Indra. ] prātâ rátho ? návo yoji sásniś 
2. 19 (210) [Indra. ] ápāyi asya ándhaso mádāya 
2. 20 (211) [ Asvins. The Ashvins (अश्विन ( aśvin- "possessor of horses" "horse tamer" "cavalier" dual aśvinau) or Ashwini Kumaras  ] vayáṃ te váya indra viddhí ṣú ṇaḥ 
2. 21 (212) viśvajíte dhanajíte suvarjíte 
2. 22 (213) [Indra. ] tríkadrukeṣu mahiṣó yávāśiraṃ 
2. 23 (214) [ Brahmanaspati. Brihaspati (or Brahmanaspati) is the name of a Vedic deity, personification of piety and religion the chief offerer of prayers and sacrifices represented as ] gaṇânāṃ tvā gaṇápatiṃ havāmahe 
2. 24 (215) [Brahmanaspati. ] sémâm aviḍḍhi prábhṛtiṃ yá îśiṣe 
2. 25 (216) [Brahmanaspati. ] índhāno agníṃ vanavad vanuṣyatáḥ 
2. 26 (217) [Brahmanaspati. ] ṛjúr íc cháṃso vanavad vanuṣyató 
2. 27 (218) [ Adityas. In Hinduism, the Ādityas are a group of Devas or celestial gods the sons of Āditi and Kashyapa. ] imâ gíra ādityébhyo ghṛtásnūḥ 
2. 28 (219) [ Varuna. In Vedic religion, Varuna or Waruna ( Devanagari:वरुण IAST: varuṇa) is a god of the Sky, of Rain and ] idáṃ kavér ādityásya svarâjo 
2. 29 (220) [ Visvedevas. The Visvedevas ( Sanskrit: विश्वेदेवाः ( viśve-devāḥ "all-gods" are the various Vedic gods taken together ] dhŕtavratā âditiyā íṣirā 
2. 30 (221) [Indra and Others. ] ṛtáṃ devâya kṛṇvaté savitrá 
2. 31 (222) [Visvedevas. ] asmâkam mitrāvaruṇāvataṃ rátham 
2. 32 (223) [Various Deities. ] asyá me dyāvāpṛthivī ṛtāyató 
2. 33 (224) [ Rudra. Rudra ( Sanskrit: रुद्रः is a Rigvedic god of the storm the wind and the hunt ] â te pitar marutāṃ sumnám etu 
2. 34 (225) [ Maruts. In Hinduism the Maruts ( Sanskrit: मरुत also known as the Marutgana and the Rudras are storm deities and sons of Rudra and Diti ] dhārāvarâ marúto dhṛṣṇúojaso 
2. 35 (226) [ Son of Waters. ] úpem asṛkṣi vājayúr vacasyâṃ 
2. 36 (227) [Various Gods. ] túbhyaṃ hinvānó vasiṣṭa gâ apó 
2. 37 (228) [Various Gods. ] mándasva hotrâd ánu jóṣam ándhaso 
2. 38 (229) [ Savitar. ] úd u ṣyá deváḥ savitâ savâya 
2. 39 (230) grâvāṇeva tád íd árthaṃ jarethe 
2. 40 (231) [ Soma and Pusan. Soma ( Sanskrit: सोम) or Haoma ( Avestan) from Proto-Indo-Iranian * sauma-, was a ritual drink of importance ] sómāpūṣaṇā jánanā rayīṇâṃ 
2. 41 (232) [Various Deities. ] vâyo yé te sahasríṇo 
2. 42 (233) [ Kapinjala. Partridges are Birds in the Pheasant family Phasianidae. They are a non-migratory Old World group ] kánikradaj janúṣam prabruvāṇá 
2. 43 (234) [Kapinjala. ] pradakṣiníd abhí gṛṇanti kārávo

References

^ Michael Witzel, Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics, in: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, ed. G. Erdosy, Berlin/New York (de Gruyter) 1995, 307-352; Witzel, "Westward Ho"
^ Talageri, Shrikant. (2000) The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis

The Rigveda A Historical Analysis is a book by Shrikant G Talageri (b

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
network: | |