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In Celtic mythology, Manannán mac Lir is the god of the sea. Celtic mythology is the Mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the Religion of the Iron Age Celts Like other Iron Age He is often seen as a psychopomp, and considered to have strong connections to the Otherworld islands of the dead, as well as to weather and the mists between the worlds. Many religious belief systems have a particular spirit, Angel, or Deity whose responsibility is to escort newly-deceased souls to the Afterlife He is usually counted as one of the Tuatha Dé Danann, although most scholars consider him to be of an older race of deities. The Tuatha Dé Danann ("peoples of the Goddess Danu " Modern Irish pronunciation /t̪ˠuːəhə dʲeː d̪ˠan̪ˠən̪ˠ/ Old Irish /tuːaθa ðʲeː He features, under slightly varying names, across early Irish, Scots, Welsh, and Manx myth. The Mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved shorn of its religious meanings Scottish mythology may refer to any of the mythologies of Scotland. Welsh mythology, the remnants of the Mythology of the pre Christian Britons, has come down to us in much altered form in medieval Welsh manuscripts The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical

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In mythology and folklore

Manannán appears in many Celtic myths and tales, although he only plays a prominent role in some of them. Celtic mythology is the Mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the Religion of the Iron Age Celts Like other Iron Age

In the tale "His Three Calls to Cormac" Manannán tempts the Irish King Cormac mac Airt with treasure in exchange for his family. Cormac mac Airt (son of Art) also known as Cormac ua Cuinn (grandson of Conn) or Cormac Ulfada (long beard was according to medieval Irish Cormac is led into the Otherworld and taught a harsh lesson by Manannán, but in the end his wife and children are restored to him, and Manannán rewards him with a magic cup which breaks if three lies are spoken over it, and is made whole again if three truths are spoken. [1]

The tale "Manannan at Play" features the god as a clown and beggar who turns out to be a harper. Manannán, here in his trickster guise, plays a number of pranks, some resulting in serious trouble, but by the end of the tale he once again sets everything to right. [2]

In the Ulster Cycle tale, Serglige Con Culainn ("The Sickbed of Cúchulainn") Manannán's wife, Fand, has an ill-fated affair with the Irish warrior Cúchulainn. Texts in translation Most of the important Ulster Cycle tales can be found in the following publications Thomas Kinsella, The Táin, Oxford University Serglige Con Culainn ( Old Irish: "The Sick-Bed" or "Wasting Sickness of Cúchulainn " also known as Oenét Emire Fand is an early Irish sea goddess later described as a "Queen of the Fairies " The Mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved shorn of its religious meanings Cúchulainn /kuːˈxʊlɪnʲ/ ( ( Irish for "Hound of Culann " also spelled Cú Chulainn, Cú Chulaind, Cúchulain, or When Fand sees that Cúchulainn's jealous wife, Emer is worthy of him (and accompanied by a troop of armed women), she decides to return to Manannán, who then shakes his magical cloak of mists between Fand and Cúchulainn, that they may never meet again. Emer, or in modern Irish Eimear, daughter of Forgall Monach, is the wife of the hero Cúchulainn in the Ulster Cycle of Irish [3][4]

In the Voyage of Bran, Manannán prophesied to Bran that a great warrior would be descended from him.

The 8th century saga Compert Mongáin recounts the deeds of a legendary son, Mongán mac Fiachnai, fathered by Manannán on the wife of Fiachnae mac Báetáin. The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Fiachnae mac Báetáin, also called Fiachnae Lurgan or Fiachnae Find, was king of the Dál nAraidi and high-king of the Ulaid in the early 7th

Associations

Manannán has strong ties to the Isle of Man, where he is referenced in a traditional ballad as having been the nation's first ruler. [5] On Midsummer, the Manx people offer bundles of reeds, meadow grasses and yellow flowers to Manannán in a ritual "paying of the rent", accompanied with prayers for his aid and protection in and fishing. Midsummer may simply refer to the period of time centered upon the summer solstice, but more often refers to specific European celebrations that accompany the actual solstice He is also believed to have been a magician who could make an illusory fleet from sedge or pea shells in order to discourage would-be invaders. [6][7]

According to the Book of Fermoy, a Manuscript of the 14th to the 15th century, "he was a pagan, a lawgiver among the Tuatha Dé Danann, and a necromancer possessed of power to envelope himself and others in a mist, so that they could not be seen by their enemies. "[8] It was by this method that he was said to protect the Isle of Man from discovery.

Manannán was associated with a "cauldron of regeneration". This is seen in the tale of Cormac mac Airt, among other tales. Here, he appeared at Cormac's ramparts in the guise of a warrior who told him he came from a land where old age, sickness, death, decay, and falsehood were unknown (the Otherworld was also known as the "Land of Youth" or the "Land of the Living").

As guardian of the Blessed Isles as well as Mag Mell he also has strong associations with Emhain Abhlach, the Isle of Apple Trees, where the magical silver apple branch is found. In the Fortunate Isles also called the Isles (or Islands) of the Blessed (μακάρων νη̂σοι makárôn nêsoi) Heroes and In Irish mythology, Mag Mell ("plain of joy" was a mythical realm achievable through death and/or glory (see also Tír na nÓg and Ablach) To the Celts, the Blessed Isles that lie beyond the sea are the gateways to the Otherworlds, where the soul journeys to after death. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Manannán is the guardian of these gateways between the worlds. He is the Ferryman, who comes to transport the souls of the dead through the veils.

Familial relations

According to Táin Bó Cúailnge (the Cattle Raid of Cooley), his wife is the beautiful goddess, Fand ("Pearl of Beauty" or "A Tear" - later remembered as a "Fairy Queen", though earlier mentions point to her also being a sea deity). Fand is an early Irish sea goddess later described as a "Queen of the Fairies " Other sources say his wife was the goddess Áine, though she is at other times said to be his daughter. In Irish mythology, Áine (pronounced "awnya" or "eye-na" is a goddess of love growth and Cattle, also perhaps associated with the sun Manannán had a daughter, whose name was Niamh of the Golden Hair. Niamh is an Irish goddess Niamh (pronounced /niːəv/ or /niːv/ may also refer to Various Irish women with the name It is also probable that another daughter was Cliodna, but sources treat this differently. Either way, she is a young woman from Manannán's lands, whose surname is "of the Fair Hair". Mongan is a late addition to the mac Lir family tree. Fiachnae mac Báetáin, also called Fiachnae Lurgan or Fiachnae Find, was king of the Dál nAraidi and high-king of the Ulaid in the early 7th The historical Mongan was a son of Fiachnae mac Báetáin, born towards the end of the 6th century. Fiachnae mac Báetáin, also called Fiachnae Lurgan or Fiachnae Find, was king of the Dál nAraidi and high-king of the Ulaid in the early 7th According to legend Fiachnae, who was at war in Scotland, came home with a victory because of a bargain made with Manannán (either by him, or by his wife) to let Manannán have a child by his wife. This child, Mongan, was supposedly taken to the Otherworld when he was very young, to be raised there by Manannán. The Compert Mongáin tells the tale.

Despite not being the biological father of many children, Manannán is often seen in the traditional role of foster father, raising a number of foster children including Lugh of the great hand and the children of Deirdre. Lugh (ˈluː modern Irish Lú, earlier Lug) is an Irish Deity represented in mythological texts as a hero and High King of the distant Deirdre or Derdriu is the foremost tragic heroine in Irish mythology.

Magical possessions

Manannán had many magical items. He gave Cormac mac Airt his magic goblet of truth; he had a ship that did not need sails named "Wave Sweeper"; he owned a cloak of mists that granted him invisibility, a flaming helmet, and a sword named Fragarach ("Answerer" or "Retaliator") that could never miss its target. Cormac mac Airt (son of Art) also known as Cormac ua Cuinn (grandson of Conn) or Cormac Ulfada (long beard was according to medieval Irish In Irish mythology, Fragarach, known as 'The Answerer' or 'The Retaliator' was the Sword of Manannan mac Lir and Lugh Lamfada. He also owned a horse called "Enbarr of the Flowing Mane" which could travel over water as easily as land. "Enbarr" or "Embarr" (meaning "imagination" in Irish mythology is Niamh 's Horse. In some sources he is described as driving his chariot over the sea as if over land, and through fields of purple flowers.

Manx legends[9]also tells of four items that he gave to Lugh as parting gifts, when the boy went to aid the people of Dana against the Fomorians. Lugh (ˈluː modern Irish Lú, earlier Lug) is an Irish Deity represented in mythological texts as a hero and High King of the distant In Irish mythology, the Fomorians, Fomors, or Fomori ( Irish Fomóiri, Fomóraig) were a semi-divine race who inhabited These were:[9] "Manannan's coat, wearing which he could not be wounded, and also his breastplate, which no weapon could pierce. His helmet had two precious stones set in front and one behind, which flashed as he moved. And Manannan girt him for the fight with his own deadly sword, called the Answerer, from the wound of which no man ever recovered, and those who were opposed to it in battle were so terrified that their strength left them. " Lugh also took Enbarr of the Flowing Mane, and was joined by Manannan's own sons and Fairy Cavalcade. When he looked back on leaving, Lugh saw[9] "his foster-father's noble figure standing on the beach. Manannan was wrapped in his magic cloak of colours, changing like the sun from blue-green to silver, and again to the purple of evening. He waved his hand to Lugh, and cried: 'Victory and blessing with thee!' So Lugh, glorious in his youth and strength, left his Island home. "

Other names and etymology

The Irish name, Manannán, derives from an earlier name for the Isle of Man. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical The patronymic mac Lir may have been metaphorical and meant 'son of the sea' (ler is Manx for 'sea' and lear is Irish for 'sea'). Manx ( Gaelg or Gailck, ɡilk or) also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language once spoken on the Isle Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish.

On the Isle of Man itself, Manannán is known as Mannan beg mac y Leir - 'little Manannan son of the sea' (beg is Manx for 'small'). Manx ( Gaelg or Gailck, ɡilk or) also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language once spoken on the Isle

In the Irish manuscript, The Yellow Book of Lecan, there are said to be "four Manannans". The Mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved shorn of its religious meanings The Mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved shorn of its religious meanings The name given for the "first Manannan" is:

Manandan mac Alloit, a Druid of the Tuath De Danann, and in the time of the Tuath De Danann was he. Oirbsen, so indeed, was his proper name. . . . Oirbsen over the land, so that from him (is named) Loch Oirbsen. This was the first Manannan. [10]

Manannán's Welsh equivalent is Manawydan fab Llyr

Trivia

References

General sources
Specific sources and footnotes
  1. ^ Gregory, Lady Augusta (1903) online "Part I Book IV: His Three Calls to Cormac" in Gods and Fighting Men. Buckinghamshire, Colyn Smyth
  2. ^ Gregory (1903) "Part I Book IV: Manannan at Play"
  3. ^ "Serglige Con Culainn", Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
  4. ^ The Sick-Bed of Cuchulain transcribed from The Lost Yellow Book of SlaneBy Maelmuiri mac Ceileachair into the Leabhar na h-Uidhri in the Eleventh Century
  5. ^ Traditionary Ballad - Mannanan Beg Mac y Leirr
  6. ^ Morrison, Sophia (1911) "Manannan Mac Y Leirr" in Manx Fairy Tales. London, David Nutt / Long Acre
  7. ^ Evans Wentz, W. Y. "IV. In the Isle of Man" in The Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries
  8. ^ Folk-lore of the Isle of Man: Chapter I. Myths Connected with the Legendary History of the Isle of Man
  9. ^ a b c Boyhood of Lugh: Manx Fairy Tales, Peel, L. Morrison, 1929
  10. ^ Skene, William F. "Chapter VI. Manau Gododin and the Picts" in The Four Ancient Books of Wales
  11. ^ Isle of Man - Tynwald 1998 - Photo Gallery - Photograph #1
  12. ^ Okells | Brewery

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