Mamurra (fl. 1st century BC) was a Roman military officer who served under Julius Caesar. The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC
Mamurra was an equestrian who originally came from the Italian city of Formiae. Formia is a city in the Province of Latina, on the Mediterranean coast of Lazio ( Italy) [1] His family must have been prominent there, as Horace calls it "the city of the Mamurrae". Quintus Horatius Flaccus, ( Venosa, December 8, 65 BC - Rome, November 27, 8 BC known in the English-speaking world as Horace [2]
He served as praefectus fabrum (prefect of engineers) under Caesar in Gaul;[1] a poem by Catullus also refers to his service in Britain as well as in Pontus and Hispania,[3] suggesting he also served during the civil war. Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: "make in front" i The military engineering of Ancient Rome 's armed forces was of a scale and frequency far beyond that of any of its contemporaries Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western For persons with a Cognomen "Catulus" see Lutatius Gaius Valerius Catullus (ca During his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded' Britain twice in 55 and 54 BC. Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar The Roman civil war of 49 BC sometimes called Caesar's Civil War, is one of the last conflicts within the Roman Republic. Among the engineering feats achieved by Caesar's army during this time, which Mamurra may have been a part of, include the rapid construction of a bridge over the Rhine in 55 BC,[4] the designing and building of a new kind of ship for the second expedition to Britain in 54 BC,[5] and the double circumvallation of Alesia in 52 BC. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Investment is the military tactic of surrounding an enemy Fort (or town with armed forces to prevent entry or escape The Battle of Alesia or Siege of Alesia took place in September 52 BC around the Gallic Oppidum of Alesia, a major town centre and [6]
Mamurra's military service, and his patronage by Caesar, made him extremely rich. [3][7] According to Cornelius Nepos he was the first Roman to clad his entire house, on the Caelian Hill, in marble, and the first to use solid marble columns. Cornelius Nepos (Κορνήλιος Νέπως in Ancient Greek literature (c The Caelian Hill (Latin Mons Caelius, Italian Celio) is one of the famous Seven Hills of Rome. Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of [1] Catullus attacked his profligacy, womanising and scandalous lifestyle, nicknaming him "mentula" (a vulgar word for the penis) and accusing him of having a homosexual relationship with Caesar. Latin profanity is the profane, indecent or impolite vocabulary of Latin, and its uses The penis (plural penises, penes [3][8] This was regarded as a "lasting stain" on Caesar's character, but Catullus later apologised, and was immediately invited to dinner by Caesar. [9] Catullus also refers in unflattering terms to Ameana, the mistress of "the bankrupt of Formiae", usually taken to mean Mamurra. [10]
A letter of Cicero of 45 BC refers to Caesar giving no visible reaction when he heard news of Mamurra, which has been interpreted by some as referring to his death,[11] although the reference is too ambiguous to be certain. Marcus Tullius Cicero ( Classical Latin ˈkikeroː usually ˈsɪsərəʊ in English January 3, 106 BC &ndash December 7, 43 BC was a Roman
References
- ^ a b c Pliny the Elder, Natural History 36.7
- ^ Horace, Satires 1.5
- ^ a b c Catullus, Carmina 29
- ^ Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4.17-19
- ^ Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.1
- ^ Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.68-74
- ^ Cicero, Letters to Atticus 7.7
- ^ Catullus, Carmina 57
- ^ Suetonius, Julius Caesar 73
- ^ Catullus, Carmina 41, 43
- ^ Cicero, Letters to Atticus 13.52
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