A malocclusion is a misalignment of teeth and/or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings K00-K93 - Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K14 Diseases of oral cavity salivary glands and jaws ( Disorders of Tooth development and Eruption The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books The upper arch is called the maxilla and the lower is called the mandible. This article is about the Mammal maxilla For Arthropod maxillae see Mouthparts; for Insect maxillae in particular see Insect mouthparts The mandible (from Latin mandibula, "jawbone" or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower Jaw and holds the lower teeth in place

Presentation

Most people have some degree of malocclusion, although it isn't usually serious enough to require treatment. Those who have more severe malocclusions may require orthodontic and sometimes surgical treatment (orthognathic surgery) to correct the problem. Orthodontics is a specialty of Dentistry that is concerned with the study and treatment of Malocclusions (improper bites which may be a result of Tooth Orthognathic surgery (ˌɔrθɒgˈnæθɪk (AHD ôr'thŏg-năth′-ĭk is Surgery to correct conditions of the Jaw and Face related to structure Correction of malocclusion may reduce risk of tooth decay and help relieve excessive pressure on the temporomandibular joint. The temporomandibular joint is the joint of the Jaw and is frequently referred to as TMJ. Orthodontic treatment is also used to align for aesthetic reasons.

Malocclusions may be coupled with skeletal disharmony of the face, where the relations between the upper and lower jaws are not appropriate. In these cases the dental problem is, most of the time, derived from the skeletal disharmony.

Classification

Malocclusions can be divided mainly into three types, depending on the sagittal relations of teeth and jaws, by Angle's classification method. However, there are also other conditions e. g. crowding of teeth, not directly fitting into this classification.

Many authors have tried to classify or modify Angle's classification. This has resulted in many subtypes.

Angle's classification method

Class I with severe crowding and labially erupted canines

class II molar relationship

Edward Angle, who is considered the father of modern orthodontics, was the first to classify malocclusion. "Cuspid" redirects here For the heart valves see Bicuspid valve and Tricuspid valve. Edward Hartley Angle ( June 1, 1855 - August 11, 1930) was an American Dentist, widely regarded as the father of modern He based his classifications on the relative position of the maxillary first molar. The maxillary first molar is the Tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the Face) from both the Maxillary second premolars of the Mouth ^[1] According to Angle, the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar should rest on the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar. Any variations from this resulted in malocclusion types. It is also possible to have different classes of maloclusion on left and right sides.

It is estimated that approximately 18% of the United States population suffers from an over sided malocclusion, while only 11% suffer from an under malocclusion.

• Class I: Here the molar relationship of the occlusion is normal or as described for the maxillary first molar, but the other teeth have problems like spacing, crowding, over or under eruption, etc.
• Class II: ("overbite") In this situation, the upper molars are placed not in the mesiobuccal groove but anteriorly to it. Usually the mesiobuccal cusp rests in between the first mandibular molars and second premolars. There are two subtypes:
  • Class II Division 1: The molar relationships are like that of Class II and the anterior teeth are protruded.
  • Class II Division 2: The molar relationships are class II but the central are retroclined and the lateral teeth are seen overlapping the centrals.
• Class III: (prognathism, "underbite" or "negative overjet") is when the lower front teeth are more prominent than the upper front teeth. Prognathism is a term used to describe the positional relationship of the Mandible and/or Maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes In this case the patient has very often a large mandible or a short maxillary bone.

Crowding of teeth

Crowding of teeth is where there is insufficient room for the normal complement of adult teeth.

Cause

Crowding of teeth is recognized as an affliction that stems in part from a modern western lifestyle. We do not know for sure whether it is due to the consistency of western diets; a result of mouthbreathing; or the result of an early loss of deciduous (milk, baby) teeth due to decay. See also Deciduous. "Baby teeth" redirects here For the band of that name see Baby Teeth (band. It is also possible that Homo sapiens have evolved smaller jaws without a reduction in the number of teeth they will house happening at the same time. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus

Treatment

Crowding of the teeth is treated with orthodontics, often with, tooth extraction, dental braces, followed by growth modification in children or jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery) in adults. Orthodontics is a specialty of Dentistry that is concerned with the study and treatment of Malocclusions (improper bites which may be a result of Tooth Dental braces (also known as orthodontic braces) are a device used in Orthodontics to align teeth and their position with regard to a person's bite Orthognathic surgery (ˌɔrθɒgˈnæθɪk (AHD ôr'thŏg-năth′-ĭk is Surgery to correct conditions of the Jaw and Face related to structure

Other conditions

Other kind of malocclusions are due to vertical discrepancies. Long faces may lead to open bite, while short faces can be coupled to a deep bite. However, there are many other more common causes for open bites such as tongue thrusting, thumb sucking, etc, and likewise for deep bites.

Malocclusions can also be secondary to transversal skeletal discrepancy or to a skeletal asymmetry.

References

1. ^ Angle's Classification of Malocclusion. Retrieved on 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse

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