Mainz
Mainz Old Town View from the citadel (2003)
Coat of arms	Location
Details
Administration
Country	Germany
State	Rhineland-Palatinate
District	Urban district
City subdivisions	15 boroughs
Lord Mayor	Jens Beutel (SPD)
Basic statistics
Area	97. The Wheel of Mainz or Mainzer Rad was the coat of arms of the Electorate of Mainz Germany. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz is one of the 16 federal states (German Bundesländer) of Germany. German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 75 km² (37. 7 sq mi)
Elevation	85-285 m
Population	200,234  (30/07/2007)[1]
- Density	2,048 /km² (5,305 /sq mi)
Founded	13 BC
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	MZ
Postal codes	55001-55131
Area codes	06131, 06136
Website	www.mainz.de Coordinates: 50°0′0″N 8°16′16″E / 50, 8.27111

Mainz (IPA: [ˈmaɪ̯nʦ]) is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz is one of the 16 federal states (German Bundesländer) of Germany. It was a politically important seat of the Prince-elector of Mainz (see: Archbishopric of Mainz) under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl The Archbishopric of Mainz (Erzbistum Mainz or Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz) was an influential ecclesiastic and secular Prince-bishopric The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge

Mainz is a city with over two thousand years of history. It is located on the river Rhine across from Wiesbaden, in the western part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main Region; in the modern age, Frankfurt shares much of its regional importance. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse.

Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Administrative structure 1.2 Coat of Arms 2 History 2.1 Roman Moguntiacum 2.2 Frankish Mainz 2.3 Christian Mainz 2.4 Early Jewish community 2.5 Republic of Mainz 2.6 Hessian Mainz 2.7 Industrial expansion 2.8 In the 20th century 3 Community 3.1 Culture 3.2 Sport 3.3 Attractions 4 Economy 4.1 Wine centre 4.2 Other industries 5 Miscellaneous 6 Notable people 7 Twinning 8 Alternative names 9 See also 10 References & notes 11 Further reading 12 External links

Geography

Mainz is located on the west bank of the river Rhine, opposite the confluence of the Main with the Rhine. The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries The 2007 population was 200,234; an additional 18,619 people maintain a primary residence elsewhere but have a second home in Mainz and it is also apart of the Rhein Metro area consisting of 5. 8 million people. Mainz is easily reached from Frankfurt International Airport in 25 minutes by commuter railway (Rhine-Main S-Bahn). Frankfurt am Main International Airport, known in German as Flughafen Frankfurt am Main or Rhein-Main-Flughafen and in rest of Europe Lines Since the end of 2003 the system comprises the following lines History The Early Years Plans for a rail connection between the central rail

The city consists of 15 districts: Altstadt, Neustadt, Mombach, Gonsenheim, Hartenberg-Münchfeld, Oberstadt, Bretzenheim, Finthen, Drais, Lerchenberg, Marienborn, Hechtsheim, Ebersheim, Weisenau, and Laubenheim. Hartenberg-Münchfeld, colloquially known as HaMü, is the Student quarter of Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Until 1945, the districts of Bischofsheim (now an independent town), Ginsheim-Gustavsburg (which together are an independent town) belonged to Mainz. Bischofsheim is a community in Groß-Gerau district in Hesse, Germany with a population of more than 12000 The double community of Ginsheim-Gustavsburg in the northwest of Groß-Gerau district in Hesse has about 16000 inhabitants The former suburbs Amöneburg, Kastel, and Kostheim—in short AKK—now are administrated by the city of Wiesbaden (on the north bank of the river). Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse. The AKK was separated from Mainz when the Rhine was designated the boundary between the French occupation zone (the later state of Rhineland-Palatinate) and the US occupation zone (Hesse) in 1945. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz is one of the 16 federal states (German Bundesländer) of Germany. Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area

Satellite photograph of the cities of Wiesbaden and Mainz and the junction of the Main with the Rhine

The Deutschhaus, the House of Parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate

Kaiserstraße ("Emperor Street") with boulevard

Theodor Heuss Bridge

Administrative structure

The city of Mainz is divided into 15 local districts according to the main statute of the city of Mainz. The Deutschhaus or Deutschordenskommende ( German for " Commandry of the Teutonic Knights " is the seat of the Rhineland-Palatinate Each local district has a district administration of 13 members and a directly elected mayor, who is the chairmen of the district administration. This local council decides on important issues affecting the local area, however, the final decision on new policies is made by the Mainz's municipal council.

In accordance with § 29 Par. 2 of Local Government Regulations, which refers to municipalities of more than 150,000 inhabitants, the city council has 60 members.

Districts of the town are:

Altstadt Bretzenheim Drais Ebersheim Finthen

Gonsenheim Hartenberg-Münchfeld Hechtsheim Laubenheim Lerchenberg

Marienborn Mombach Neustadt Oberstadt Weisenau

Coat of Arms

Main article: Wheel of Mainz

The coat of arms of Mainz is derived from the coat of arms of the Archbishops of Mainz and features two six-spoked silver wheels connected by a silver cross on a red background. Hartenberg-Münchfeld, colloquially known as HaMü, is the Student quarter of Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Mombach, with about 13000 inhabitants is a borough in the northwest corner of Mainz, Germany. The Wheel of Mainz or Mainzer Rad was the coat of arms of the Electorate of Mainz Germany.

History

Roman Moguntiacum

The Roman stronghold of castrum Moguntiacum, the precursor to Mainz, was founded by the Roman general Drusus perhaps as early as 13 BC. The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, born Decimus Claudius Drusus (the date of his name change is unknown and variously called Drusus, Drusus I, Nero As related by Suetonius the existence of Moguntiacum is well established by four years later (the account of the death and funeral of Nero Claudius Drusus), though several other theories suggest the site may have been established earlier. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, commonly known as Suetonius (ca 69/75 &ndash after 130 was an equestrian and a historian during the Roman Empire. Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, born Decimus Claudius Drusus (the date of his name change is unknown and variously called Drusus, Drusus I, Nero ^[2] Although the city is situated opposite the mouth of the Main river, the name of Mainz is not from Main, the similarity being perhaps due to diachronic analogy. The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries Main is from Latin Menus, the name the Romans used for the river. Linguistic analysis of the many forms that the name "Mainz" has taken on, make it clear that it is a simplification of Moguntiacum.

The name appears to be Celtic and ultimately it is from the Celtic. The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. However, it also had become Roman and was selected by the Romans with a special significance. The Roman soldiers defending Gallia had adopted the Gallic god Mogons (Mogounus, Moguns, Mogonino), for the meaning of which etymology offers two basic options: "the great one", similar to Latin magnus, which was used in aggrandizing names such as Alexander magnus, "Alexander the Great" and Pompeius magnus, "Pompey the great", or the god of "might" personified as it appears in young servitors of any type whether of noble or ignoble birth. Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Mogons or Moguns was a Celtic god worshipped in Roman Britain and in Gaul. ^[3]

To name the fort after this particular god was an ideological statement. It was placed in the territory of the Vangiones, a formerly Germanic tribe now Celticised and working for the Romans. The Vangiones appear first in history as an ancient Germanic tribe of unknown provenience Their capital was at Worms on the same side of the Rhine not far to the south. Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River Dedications of their troops serving in Britain mention the god frequently. Germania Superior was a geographical gateway between Gaul and Germany. Germania Superior ("Upper Germania " so called for the reason that it lay upstream of Germania Inferior, was a province of the The Romans were saying in essence by placing the fort here and naming it that "You barbarians shall not pass into the civilized and international state because the might of its youth inspired by its ancient god will stop you. " If the barbarians needed any example, the previous fate of the Vangiones, who had come as conquerors and were conquered, was before them.

Moguntiacum was an important military town throughout Roman times, probably due to its strategic position at the confluence of the Main and the Rhine. The town of Moguntiacus grew up between the fort and the river. The castrum was the base of Legio XIIII Gemina and XVI Gallica (AD 9–43), XXII Primigenia, IIII Macedonica (43–70), I Adiutrix (70-88), XXI Rapax (70-89), and XIIII Gemina (70–92), among others. Legio XVI Gallica ( from Gallia) was a Roman legion. The legion was recruited by Octavian in 41 / 40 BC, and was Year 9 ( IX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 43 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Legio XXII Primigenia (devoted to goddess Fortuna) was a Roman legion levied by Roman Emperor Caligula in 39, for his campaigns Year 70 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Legio I Adiutrix (Latin pronuciation prima adiútrix, " assistant first" was a Roman legion formed in 68, possibly by For the processor see Intel 8088. Year 88 was a Leap year Legio XXI Rapax, the predator, was a Roman legion levied in 31 BC by Augustus, probably from men previously enlisted in other legions Year 89 was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 92 was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Mainz was also the base of a Roman river fleet (the remains of Roman patrol boats and cargo barges from about 375/6 were discovered in 1982 and may now be viewed in the Museum für Antike Schifffahrt). The city was the provincial capital of Germania Superior, and had an important funeral monument dedicated to Drusus, to which people made pilgrimages for an annual festival from as far away as Lyon. Germania Superior ("Upper Germania " so called for the reason that it lay upstream of Germania Inferior, was a province of the ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. Among the famous buildings were the largest theatre north of the Alps and a bridge across the rhine. The Roman theatre is a theatre building built by the Romans for watching theatrical performances.

Alamanni forces under Rando sacked the city in 368. The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany In last days of 406, the Siling and Asding Vandals, the Suebi, the Alans, and other Germanic tribes took advantage of the rare freezing of the Rhine to cross the river at Mainz and overwhelm the Roman defences. The Suebi or Suevi (from Proto-Germanic * swēbaz based on the Proto-Germanic root * swē- meaning "one's own" The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people The date 31 December 406, is the often-repeated date of the crossing of the Rhine by a mixed group of Barbarians that included Vandals, Alans Christian chronicles relate that the bishop, Aureus, was put to death by the Alamannian Crocus. The way was open to the sack of Trier and the invasion of Gaul. Trier (Trèves Luxembourgish: Tréier; Augusta Treverorum is a City in Germany on the banks of the Moselle River. This event is familiar to many from the historical novel, Eagle in the Snow, by Wallace Breem. Eagle in the Snow (ISBN 1-59071-011-8 is a modern classic of Historical fiction. Wallace Breem (1926&ndash1990 was a British Librarian and author the Librarian and Keeper of Manuscripts of the Inner Temple Law Library at his death

Throughout the changes of time, the Roman castrum never seems to have been permanently abandoned as a military installation, which is a testimony to Roman military judgement. Different structures were built there at different times. The current citadel originated in 1660, but it replaced previous forts. It was used in World War II. One of the sights at the citadel is still the cenotaph raised by his legionaries to commemorate Drusus. A cenotaph is a tomb or a Monument erected in honour of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere

Frankish Mainz

Through a series of incursions during the 4th century Alsace gradually lost its Belgic ethnic character of formerly Germanic tribes among Celts ruled by Romans and became predominantly influenced by the Alamanni. The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany The Romans repeatedly reasserted control; however, the troops stationed at Mainz became chiefly non-Italic and the emperors had only one or two Italian ancestors in a pedigree that included chiefly peoples of the northern frontier.

The last emperor to station troops serving the western empire at Mainz was Valentinian III, who relied heavily on his Magister militum per Gallias, Flavius Aëtius. Flavius Placidius Valentinianus ( July 2, 419 &ndash March 16, 455) known in English as Valentinian III, was among the last Aëtius is also the name of several other persons Flavius Aëtius or simply Aëtius, (c By that time the army included large numbers of troops from the major Germanic confederacies along the Rhine, the Alamanni, the Saxons and the Franks. The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The Franks were an opponent that had risen to power and reputation among the Belgae of the lower Rhine during the 3rd century and repeatedly attempted to extend their influence upstream. In 358 the emperor Julian bought peace by giving them most of Germania Inferior, which they possessed anyway, and imposing service in the Roman army in exchange. Flavius Claudius Julianus, known also as Julian or Julian the Apostate (331 or 332 to 26 June 363) was Roman Emperor (Caesar Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in today's southern and western Netherlands, parts of

The European chessboard in the time of master Aëtius included Celts, Goths, Franks, Saxons, Alamanni, Huns, Italians, and Alans as well as numerous minor pieces. Aëtius played them all off against one another in a masterly effort to keep the peace under Roman sovereignty. He used Hunnic troops a number of times. At last a day of reckoning arrived between Aëtius and Attila, both commanding polyglot, multi-ethnic troops. Attila went through Alsace in 451, devastating the country and destroying Mainz and Triers with their Roman garrisons. Shortly after he was stalemated by Flavius Aëtius at the Battle of Chalons, the largest of the ancient world. Aëtius is also the name of several other persons Flavius Aëtius or simply Aëtius, (c

Aëtius was not to enjoy the victory long. He was assassinated by his employer's own hand in 454, who was himself stabbed to death by friends of Aëtius in 455. As far as the north was concerned this was the effective end of the Roman empire there. After some sanguinary but relatively brief contention a former subordinate of Aëtius, Ricimer, became emperor, taking the name Patrician. Ricimer (c 405 &ndash August 18, 472) (ˈrikimer was a Germanic general who was master of the Western Roman Empire during part of the fifth century His father was a Suebian; his mother, a princess of the Visigoths. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Patrician did not rule the north directly but set up a client province there, which functioned independently. The capital was at Soissons. Soissons is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardie in northern France, located on the Aisne River, about 100 Even then its status was equivocal. Many insisted it was the Kingdom of Soissons. In the Late Antique period two states in the area of modern-day northwest France were termed the Domain of Soissons.

Previously the first of the Merovingians, Clodio, had been defeated by Aëtius at about 430. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin Chlodio (395-448 was a king of the Salian Franks from the Merovingian Dynasty. His son, Merovaeus, fought on the Roman side against Attila, and his son, Childeric, served in the domain of Soissons. Merovech (411-457 ( Latin: Meroveus or Merovius; French: Mérovée) is the legendary founder of the Merovingian dynasty Meanwhile the Franks were gradually infiltrating and assuming power in this domain. They also moved up the Rhine and created a domain in the region of the former Germania Superior with capital at Cologne. They became known as the Ripuarian Franks as opposed to the Salian Franks. The Ripuarian Franks (Latin Ripuari) were Franks that lived in along the middle-Rhine River during the Roman Era Salians redirects here for the eleventh-century dynasty see Salian dynasty, for Roman priests see Salii. It is unlikely that much of a population transfer or displacement occurred. The former Belgae simply became Franks.

Events moved rapidly in the late 5th century. Clovis, son of Childeric, became king of the Salians in 481, ruling from Tournai. Tournai (in Dutch Doornik, in Latin: Tornacum) is a Walloon City and municipality of Belgium In 486 he defeated Syagrius, last governor of the Soissons domain, and took northern France. Flavius Afranius Syagrius (born 430 died 486 or 487 was the son of Aegidius, the last Roman Magister militum per Gallias He extended his reign to Cambrai and Tongeren in 490-491, and repelled the Alamanni is 496. Cambrai (Dutch Kamerijk; old spelling Cambray) is a French town and commune, in the Nord département, Tongeren ( French: Tongres, German: Tongern) is a City and municipality located in the province of Limburg Also in that year he converted to non-Arian Christianity.

After the Fall of the Roman Empire in 476, the Franks under the rule of Clovis I gained control over western Europe by the year 496. The Decline of the Roman Empire, leading to the Fall of the Roman Empire, or the Fall of Rome, was the end of the Western Roman Empire. Events By place Western Roman Empire September 4 — Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Clovis I (c 466 &ndash 27 November 511) was the first King of the Franks to unite all the Frankish tribes under one ruler Events By Place Europe Battle of Tolbiac: Clovis I defeats the Alamanni, and is baptized into the Catholic Clovis annexed the kingdom of Cologne in 508. Thereafter, Mainz, in its strategic position, became one of the bases of the Frankish kingdom. Mainz had sheltered a Christian community long before the conversion of Clovis. His successor Dagobert reinforced the walls of Mainz and made it one of his seats. Dagobert is a male given name from Gaulish dago "good" and Old Frankish berath "bright" A solidus of Theodebert I (534-548) was minted at Mainz. The solidus (the Latin word for solid) was originally a Gold coin issued by the Romans. Theudebert I ( French: Thibert or Théodebert) (c 500 &ndash 547 or 548 was the Merovingian king of Austrasia from 533 to his death

The Franks united the Celtic and Germanic tribes of Europe. The greatest Frank of all was Charlemagne (768-814), who built a new empire in Europe, the Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Mainz from its central location became important to the empire and to Christianity. Meanwhile language change was gradually working to divide the Franks. Mainz spoke a dialect termed Ripuarian. On the death of Charlemagne, distinctions between France and Germany began to be made. Mainz was not central any longer but was on the border, creating a question of the nationality to which it belonged, which descended into modern times as the question of Alsace-Lorraine.

Christian Mainz

In the early Middle Ages, Mainz was a centre for the Christianisation of the German and Slavic peoples. The historical phenomenon of Christianization (or Christianisation &mdash see spelling differences) the conversion of individuals to Christianity The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic The first Archbishop in Mainz, Boniface, was killed in 754 while trying to convert the Frisians to Christianity and is buried in Fulda. Saint Boniface ( Latin: Bonifacius c 672 – June 5, 754) the Apostle of the Germans, born Winfrid or Wynfrith at Events By Place Asia Al-Mansur, the second Abbasid Caliph, starts to rule Fulda (ˈfʊlda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district ( Kreis Other early archbishops of Mainz include Rabanus Maurus, the scholar and author, and Willigis (975–1011), who began construction on the current building of the Mainz Cathedral and founded the monastery of St. Rabanus Maurus Magnentius (c 780 &ndash 4 February 856) also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine Saint Willigis (c 940 in Schöningen - February 23, 1011) was an Archbishop of Mainz, and a statesman as well as a churchman Events By Place Europe King Edward the Martyr is crowned in England. Mainz Cathedral, formally known in English as St Martin Cathedral (in German Mainzer Dom, sometimes Der Hohe Dom zu Mainz) is located Stephan.

From the time of Willigis until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Archbishops of Mainz were archchancellors of the Empire and the most important of the seven Electors of the German emperor. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Archbishopric of Mainz (Erzbistum Mainz or Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz) was an influential ecclesiastic and secular Prince-bishopric The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl Besides Rome, the diocese of Mainz today is the only diocese in the world with an episcopal see that is called a Holy See (sancta sedes). Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. An episcopal see is the ecclesiastical domain of authority of a Bishop. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic The Archbishops of Mainz traditionally were primas germaniae, the substitutes of the Pope north of the Alps. Primas Germaniae is a historical title of honor for the most important Catholic bishop in Germany. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and

In 1244, Archbishop Siegfried III granted Mainz a city charter, which included the right of the citizens to establish and elect a city council. The city saw a feud between two Archbishops in 1461, namely Diether von Isenburg, who was elected Archbishop by the cathedral chapter and supported by the citizens, and Adolf II von Nassau, who had been named Archbishop for Mainz by the Pope. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead Theodoric of Isenburg-Büdingen ( German: Dieter von Isenburg, c Chapter ( Latin capitulum) designates certain corporate ecclesiastical bodies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Nordic Lutheran Nassau was a German state within the Holy Roman Empire and later in the German Confederation. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and In 1462, the Archbishop Adolf II raided the city of Mainz, plundering and killing 400 inhabitants. At a tribunal, those who had survived lost all their property, which was then divided between those who promised to follow Adolf II. Those who would not promise to follow Adolf II (amongst them Johann Gutenberg) were driven out of the town or thrown into prison. Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg ( 1398 &ndash February 3, 1468) was a German Goldsmith and printer who is credited The new Archbishop revoked the city charter of Mainz and put the city under his direct rule. Ironically, after the death of Adolf II his successor was again Diether von Isenburg, now legally elected by the chapter and named by the Pope.

Early Jewish community

The Jewish community of Mainz dates to the 10th century CE. It is noted for its religious education. Rabbi Gershom ben Judah (960-1040) taught there, among others. Gershom ben Judah, (c 960 -1040? -1028? best known as Rabbeinu Gershom ( Hebrew: רבנו גרשום, "Our teacher Gershom" and also commonly He concentrated on the study of the Talmud, creating a German Jewish tradition. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history The Jews of Mainz, Speyer and Worms created a supreme council to set standards in Jewish law and education in the 12th century. Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a City in Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River

The city of Mainz responded to the Jewish population in a variety of ways, behaving, in a sense, in a bipolar fashion towards them. Sometimes they were allowed freedom and were protected; at other times, they were massacred or expelled. For example, they were expelled in 1462, invited to return and expelled again in 1474. Outbreaks of the Black Death were usually blamed on the Jews, at which times they were massacred. The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was one of the deadliest Pandemics in human history widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia This unstable pattern went on up to World War II.

Nowadays the Jewish community is growing rapidly, and is considering the creation of a new synagogue. ^[4] The community itself has 1,034 members, according to the Central Council of Jews in Germany, and at least twice as many Jews altogether since many are unaffiliated with Judaism.

Republic of Mainz

Main article: Republic of Mainz

During the French Revolution, the French Revolutionary army occupied Mainz in 1792; the Archbishop of Mainz, Friedrich Karl Josef von Erthal, had already fled to Aschaffenburg by the time the French marched in. The Republic of Mainz was the first democratic state on the current German territory and was centered in Mainz. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Archbishopric of Mainz (Erzbistum Mainz or Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz) was an influential ecclesiastic and secular Prince-bishopric Aschaffenburg (aˈʃafənbʊɐ̯k dialect) is a large town in northwest Bavaria, Germany. On 18 March 1793, the Jacobins of Mainz, with other German democrats from about 130 towns in the Rhenish Palatinate, proclaimed the ‘Republic of Mainz’. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Jacobin Club was the largest and most powerful political club of the French Revolution. The Palatinate (Pfalz Pfälzer dialect Palz) historically also Rhenish Palatinate (palatinatum Renensis Rheinpfalz is a region in south-western Germany The Republic of Mainz was the first democratic state on the current German territory and was centered in Mainz. Led by Georg Forster representatives of the Mainz Republic in Paris requested political affiliation of the Mainz Republic with France, but too late: As Prussia was not entirely happy with the idea of a democratic free state on German soil, Prussian troops had already occupied the area and besieged Mainz by the end of March, 1793. Johann Georg Adam Forster (November 27 1754 – January 10 1794 was a German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, Journalist Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state After a siege of 18 weeks, the French troops in Mainz surrendered on 23 July 1793; Prussians occupied the city and ended the Republic of Mainz. In the Siege of Mainz (Belagerung von Mainz from 14 April &ndash 23 July 1793, a coalition of Prussia, Austria, and other Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Members of the Mainz Jacobin Club were mistreated or imprisoned and punished for treason. The Jacobin Club was the largest and most powerful political club of the French Revolution.

In 1797, the French returned. Jean Bon Saint-André ( February 25, 1749 &mdash December 10, 1813) was a French politician of the Revolution era. Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The army of Napoléon Bonaparte occupied the German territory to the west of the Rhine river, and the Treaty of Campo Formio awarded France this entire area. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on October 17, 1797 (26 Vendémiaire Year VI of the French Republic by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Ludwig On 17 February 1800, the French Département du Mont-Tonnerre was founded here, with Mainz as its capital, the Rhine river being the new eastern frontier of la Grande Nation. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. Mont-Tonnerre is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present Germany. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Austria and Prussia could not but approve this new border with France in 1801. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday However, after several defeats in Europe during the next years, the weakened Napoléon and his troops had to leave Mainz in May 1814.

Hessian Mainz

In 1816, the part of the former French Département which is known today as Rhenish Hesse (German: Rheinhessen) was awarded to the Hesse-Darmstadt, Mainz being the capital of the new Hessian province of Rhenish Hesse. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzogtum Hessen was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany. Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area From 1816 to 1866, to the German Confederation Mainz was the most important fortress in the defence against France, and had a strong garrison of Austrian and Prussian troops. The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state

In the afternoon of 18 November 1857, a huge explosion rocked Mainz when the city’s powder magazine, the Pulverturm, exploded. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Approximately 150 people were killed and at least 500 injured; 57 buildings were destroyed and a similar number severely damaged in what was to be known as the Powder Tower Explosion or Powder Explosion.

During the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, Mainz was declared a neutral zone. The Austro-Prussian Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After the founding of the German Empire in 1871, Mainz no longer was as important a stronghold, because in the war of 1870/71 France had lost the territory of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany, and this defined the new border between the two countries. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen generally Elsass - Lothringen) was a territorial entity created by the German Empire in 1871

Industrial expansion

For centuries the inhabitants of the fortress of Mainz had suffered from a severe shortage of space, which led to disease and other inconveniences; in 1872, Mayor Carl Wallau and the council of Mainz persuaded the military government to sign a contract for the expansion of the city. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Friedrich Carl Wallau ( August 8, 1823 &ndash July 7, 1877 in Mainz) Beginning in 1874, the city of Mainz assimilated the Gartenfeld, an idyllic area of meadows and fields along the shore of the Rhine River to the north of the rampart. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The city expansion more than doubled the urban area, which allowed Mainz to participate in the industrial revolution which had previously passed the city by for decades. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the

Eduard Kreyßig was the man who made this happen. Having been the master builder of the city of Mainz since 1865, Mr. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Kreyßig had the vision of the new part of the town, the Mainz Neustadt; he also planned the very first sewer system (since Roman times) for the old part of the town, and it was he who persuaded the city government to relocate the railroad route from the Rhine side to the west end of the town. The Mainz master builder constructed a number of state-of-the-art public buildings, including the Mainz town hall — which was the largest one of its kind in Germany at that time — as well a synagogue, the Rhine harbor, and a number of public baths and school buildings. Mr. Kreyßig's last work was Christ Church (Christuskirche), the largest Protestant church in the city and the first building constructed especially for the use of a Protestant congregation.

In the 20th century

After the end of World War I, Mainz was occupied by the French between 1919 and 1930, according to the Treaty of Versailles, which went into effect June 28 1919. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. The Rhineland (in which Mainz is located) was to be a demilitarized zone until 1935, and the French garrison, representing the Triple Entente, was to stay until reparations were paid. The Rhineland ( Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. The Triple Entente (" entente " — French for "agreement" was the name given to the loose alignment of the United Kingdom, the

In 1923 Mainz participated in the Rhineland separatist movement, which proclaimed a republic in the Rhineland. It collapsed in 1924. The French withdrew on June 30 1930. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in January, 1933. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately His political opponents, especially those of the Social Democratic Party, were either incarcerated or murdered. Some were able to move away from Mainz in time. One was the political organizer for the SPD, Friedrich Kellner, who went to Laubach, where as the chief justice inspector of the district court he continued his opposition against the Nazis by recording their misdeeds in a 900-page diary. ( February 1, 1885 &ndash November 4, 1970) was a mid-level official in Germany who worked as a justice inspector in Mainz and My Opposition (Mein Widerstand is a Diary secretly written by the German social democrat Friedrich Kellner (1885 - 1970 during World War

In March, 1933, a detachment from the National Socialist Party in Worms brought the party to Mainz. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River They hoisted the swastika on all public buildings and began to denounce the Jewish population in the newspapers. The swastika (from Sanskrit: svástika sa स्वस्तिक Hindu IS CORRECT if 'ि' is positioned incorrectly see -->) is In 1936 the forces of the Third Reich reentered the Rhineland with a great fanfare, the first move of the Third Reich's meteoric expansion. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The former Triple Entente took no action.

During World War II the citadel at Mainz hosted the Oflag XII-B prisoner of war camp. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

The Bishop of Mainz formed an organization to help Jews escape from Germany.

During World War II, more than 30 air raids and bomb attacks destroyed about 80% of the inner city of Mainz, including most of the historic buildings. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Mainz fell on March 22 1945, to XII Corps, 90th Division, of the Third Army under the command of General George S. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Patton, Jr. The forces of the 3rd Reich were defending it against a possible Rhine crossing there. It was the end of the Palatinate campaign. Patton used the ancient strategic gateway through Germania Superior to cross the Rhine south of Mainz, drove down the Danube towards Czechoslovakia, ending the possibility of a Bavarian redoubt, and crossed the Alps in Austria, when the war ended. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. With regard to the Roman road over which Patton attacked Trier, he said:

one could almost smell the coppery sweat and see the low dust clouds where those stark fighters moved forward into battle. (George S. Patton, War as I Knew It)

From 1945 to 1949, the city was part of the French zone of occupation. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. When the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate was founded on 18 May 1947, Koblenz was the temporary capital; in 1950 Mainz became the capital of the new state. Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz is one of the 16 federal states (German Bundesländer) of Germany. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Koblenz (also Coblenz in pre-1926 German Spellings French Coblence) is a city situated on both banks of the Rhine Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1962, the diarist, Friedrich Kellner, returned to spend his last years in Mainz. ( February 1, 1885 &ndash November 4, 1970) was a mid-level official in Germany who worked as a justice inspector in Mainz and His life in Mainz, and the impact of his writings, is the subject of the Canadian documentary My Opposition: the Diaries of Friedrich Kellner. My Opposition (Mein Widerstand is a Diary secretly written by the German social democrat Friedrich Kellner (1885 - 1970 during World War My Opposition - The Diaries of Friedrich Kellner is a 2007 Documentary film about an orphaned American who went in search of his German grandfather and discovered

Community

Culture

• As city in the Greater Region, Mainz participated in the program of the year of European Capital of Culture 2007. The Greater Region of Saarland - Lorraine - Luxembourg - Rhineland-Palatinate - Wallonia - French Community of Belgium - and The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one Calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its
• The Walk of Fame of Cabaret may be found nearby the Schillerplatz. The Walk of Fame of Cabaret is a Sidewalk between Proviant-Magazin and Schönborner Hof in Mainz, Germany, which is embedded with
• The music publisher Schott Music in located in Mainz. Schott Music is one of the oldest German music publishers It is also one of the largest music Publishing houses in Europe and is currently the

Sport

The local football club 1. FSV Mainz 05 has a long history in the German football leagues. It is currently intending to build a new stadion called Coface Arena. Coface Arena is a multi-use Stadium near Mainz, Germany, that is currently under construction In 2007 the Mainz Athletics won the German Men's Championsship in baseball. The Baseball- und Softball-Club Mainz Athletics 1988 eV is a German baseball and softball club located in the city of Mainz in Rhineland-Palatinate. In Baseball, the German championship of the men is determined in the Baseball Bundesliga.

Attractions

• Roman-Germanic central museum (Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum). It is home to Roman, Medieval, and earlier artifacts.
• Antique Maritime Museum (Museum für Antike Schifffahrt). It houses the remains of five Roman boats from the late 4th century, discovered in the 1980s.
• Roman remains, including Jupiter's column, Drusus' mausoleum, the ruins of the theatre and the aqueduct.
• Mainz Cathedral of St. Martin (Mainzer Dom), over 1,000 years old. Mainz Cathedral, formally known in English as St Martin Cathedral (in German Mainzer Dom, sometimes Der Hohe Dom zu Mainz) is located
• The Iron Tower (Eisenturm, tower at the former iron market), a tower from the 13th century.
• The Wood Tower (Holzturm, tower at the former wood market), a tower from the 14th century.
• The Gutenberg Museum – exhibits an original Gutenberg Bible amongst many other printed books from the 15th century and later. Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg ( 1398 &ndash February 3, 1468) was a German Goldsmith and printer who is credited
• The Mainz Old Town – what's left of it, the quarter south of the cathedral survived World War II.
• The Electoral Palace (Kurfürstliches Schloss), residence of the prince-elector . The Electoral Palace in Mainz (Kurfürstliches Schloss zu Mainz is the former city Residenz of the Archbishop of Mainz, who was also Prince-Elector The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl
• Marktbrunnen, one of the largest Renaissance fountains in Germany.
• Domus Universitatis (1615), for centuries the tallest edifice in Mainz.
• Christ Church (Christuskirche), built 1898–1903, bombed in ’45 and rebuilt in 1948–1954. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar)
• The Church of St. Stephan, with post-war windows by Marc Chagall. Marc Chagall (מאַרק שאַגאַל&lrm Belarusian: Мойша Захаравіч Шагалаў Mojša Zaharavič Šagałaŭ; Russian: Марк
• Citadel. History The Jakobsberg hill where the citadel was constructed had been occupied by a Benedictine Abbey during the Middle ages (since 1050
• Schönborner Hof (1668).
• Rococo churches of St. Rococo is a style of 18th century French art and Interior design. Augustin (the Augustinerkirche, Mainz) and St. Peter (the Petruskirche, Mainz).
• Church of St. Ignatius (1763).
• Erthaler Hof (1743).

Economy

Wine centre

Mainz is one of the centers of the German wine economy^[5]as a center for wine trade and the seat of the state's wine minister. German wine is primarily produced in the southwest of Germany, along River Rhine and its tributaries with the oldest plantations going back to the Roman Due to the importance and history of the wine industry for the federal state, Rhineland-Palatinate is the only state to have such a department. Many wine traders also work in the town. The sparkling wine producer Kupferberg produces in Mainz-Hechtsheim and even Henkell - now located on the other side of the river Rhine - had been founded once in Mainz. The famous Blue Nun, one of the first branded wines, had been marketed by the family Sichel. Blue Nun is a German Wine Brand launched by the company H Sichel Söhne ( Mainz) in 1923 with the 1921 vintage and which between

Mainz had been a wine growing region since Roman times and the image of the wine town Mainz is fostered by the tourist center. The Haus des Deutschen Weines (English: House of the German Wine), is located in beside the theater. It is the seat of the German Wine Academy, the German Wine Institute (DWI) and the German Wine Fund (DWF). The Mainzer Weinmarkt (wine market) is one of the great wine fairs in Germany.

Other industries

The Schott AG, one of the world's largest glass manufactures, as well as the Werner & Mertz GmbH, a large chemical factory, are based in Mainz. SCHOTT AG is a manufacturer of high-quality industrial Glass products such as fiber-optics and components used in Flat panel displays Schott Other companies such as IBM or Novo Nordisk have their German administration in Mainz as well. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Novo Nordisk () manufactures and markets Pharmaceutical products and services

Johann-Joseph Krug, founder of France's famous Krug champagne house in 1843, was born in Mainz in 1800. Champagne Krug —a " Négociant -manipulateur" with offices in Reims, the main city in Champagne—was one of the famous Champagne houses who formed

The Port of Mainz, now handling mainly containers, is a sizable industrial area to the north of the city, along the banks of the Rhine. The Port of Mainz (or Mainzer Hafen in German is the port of the city of Mainz, Germany. It will soon shift further northwards to open up space along the city's riverfront for residential development.

Miscellaneous

After the last ice age, sand dunes were deposited in the Rhine valley at what was to become the western edge of the city. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets The Mainz Sand Dunes area is now a nature reserve with a unique landscape and rare steppe vegetation for this area. The Mainz Sand Dunes (Großer Sand are a small but geo-ecologically and botanical supra-regional important nature preserve in Mainz.

Johannes Gutenberg, credited with the invention of the modern printing press with movable type, was born here and died here. Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg ( 1398 &ndash February 3, 1468) was a German Goldsmith and printer who is credited A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth thereby transferring an image The Mainz University, which was refounded in 1946, is named after Gutenberg; the earlier University of Mainz that dated back to 1477 had been closed down by Napoleon's troops in 1798. The Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz is a University in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, named Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg ( 1398 &ndash February 3, 1468) was a German Goldsmith and printer who is credited Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

Mainz was one of three important centers of Jewish theology and learning during the Middle Ages. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Known collectively as Shum, the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz played a key role in the preservation and propagation of Talmudic scholarship. Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a City in Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River (See also: Gershom ben Judah)

Mainz is famous for its Carnival, the Mainzer Fassenacht or Fassnacht, which has developed since the early 19th century. Gershom ben Judah, (c 960 -1040? -1028? best known as Rabbeinu Gershom ( Hebrew: רבנו גרשום, "Our teacher Gershom" and also commonly Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Carnival in Mainz has its roots in the criticism of social and political injustices under the shelter of cap and bells; today, the uniforms of many traditional Carnival clubs still imitate and caricature the uniforms of the French and Prussian troops of the past. The height of the carnival season is on Rosenmontag ("rose Monday", before Ash Wednesday), when there is a large parade in Mainz, with more than 500,000 people celebrating in the streets. In the Western Christian Calendar, Ash Wednesday is the first day of Lent and occurs forty days before Easter (excluding Sundays

The first ever Katholikentag, a festival-like gathering of German Catholics, was held in Mainz in 1848. Katholikentag ( lit Catholics Day) is a Festival -like gathering in German -speaking countries organized by the Catholic Laity

The city is well-known in Germany as the seat of Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (literally, "Second German Television", ZDF), one of two federal nationwide TV broadcasters. Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen ("Second German Television" ZDF, is a public service German Television channel based in Mainz. There are also a couple of radio stations based in Mainz.

According to legend, Mainz is the supposed birthplace of Pope Joan (John Anglicus), the woman who, disguised as a man, was elected pope, and served for two years during the Middle Ages. Pope Joan is the name of a Female Pope (also La Papessa) who supposedly reigned for less than three years in the 850s between the papacies of

Notable people

• List of people related to Mainz
• Archbishops of Mainz
• List of mayors of Mainz

Twinning

Mainz is twinned with:

Watford, United Kingdom, since 1956 Dijon, France, since 1957 Longchamp, France, since 1966 Zagreb, Croatia, since 1967 Rodeneck/Rodengo, Italy, since 1977

Valencia, Spain, since 1978 Haifa, Israel, since 1981 Erfurt, former East Germany, since 1988 Baku, Azerbaijan, since 1984 Louisville, Kentucky, USA, since 1994

Alternative names

Mainz is called by a number of different names in other languages and dialects. This list indicates renown persons which have been born in Mainz or which have left their traces Mainz The Archbishopric of Mainz (Erzbistum Mainz or Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz) was an influential ecclesiastic and secular Prince-bishopric This is a list of mayors of Mainz, including the Lord Mayors ( Oberbürgermeister von Mainz) since 1796. Watford (ˈwɒtfəd) is a town and district in Hertfordshire, England, situated 19 miles (30 km northwest of London The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Dijon ( diʒɔ̃ is a city in eastern France, the capital of the Côte-d'Or departement and of the Bourgogne region This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Zagreb (ˈzɑːgrɛb is the Capital and the largest city of Croatia. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Rodeneck ( Italian: Rodengo; Archaic (1030 AD Rotung, Rotunch, Rodant) is a Comune (municipality in the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Valencia ( Valencian: València, Valencia Spanish phonology --> is the capital of the Spanish autonomous Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Haifa (חֵיפָה; حَيْفَا) is the largest City in Northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country with For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Erfurt (ˈɛɐ̯fʊɐ̯t is a City in central Germany. It is the Capital of the state of Thuringia with a population of 202619 (2006 The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Many cities in Europe have different names in different languages These include: Määnz (formerly Meenz) in the local West Middle German dialect, and Mentz in English or Mayence in French. West Central German ( Westmitteldeutsch) belongs to the Central, High German dialect family in the German language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The latter name was also used in English, but this usage of Mayence has almost completely disappeared, although Google Maps and Google Earth are using it. Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services Google Earth is a Virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer and was created by Keyhole Inc, a company acquired by Google in 2004 Other names for this city are: Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Majnc (Serbian), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), and Mohuč (Czech, Slovak). Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the The Slovak language ( slovenčina, slovenský jazyk, not to be confused with Slovenščina) sometimes referred to as "Slovakian"

See also

Mainz at Wikitravel

References & notes

Further reading

• Denis B. Saddington: The stationing of auxiliary regiments in Germania Superior in the Julio-Claudian period.
• Valerie M. Hope: Constructing Identity: The Roman Funerary Monuments of Aquelia, Mainz and Nimes; British Archaeological Reports (16. Juli 2001) ISBN 978-1841711805
• Michael Imhof, Simone Kestin: Mainz City and Cathedral Guide. Michael Imhof Verlag; (15. September 2004) ISBN 978-3937251936

External links

• The official web site of the city of Mainz
• Mainz City Panoramas — Panoramic Views and virtual Tours
• Mogons
• The Mainz Sand Dunes
• The Citadel
• Roman Mainz with a picture section

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