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Maicao
Location of the town and municipality of Maicao in the Department of La Guajira.
Location of the town and municipality of Maicao in the Department of La Guajira.
Country Colombia
Region Caribbean
Department La Guajira
Foundation June 27, 1927
Government
 - Mayor Ovisio Mejia Marulanda (ASI)[1]
Area
 - Total 1,782 km² (688 sq mi)
Elevation 52 m (171 ft)
Population (2005)
 - Total 103,124
  [2]
*
Website:
www.alcaldiademaicao.gov.co/

Maicao (Wayuunaiki: mai-ka-u) is a city and municipality in the Department of La Guajira, northern Republic of Colombia. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Because of its natural structure Colombia can be divided into six very distinct Natural regions. The Caribbean Region or Caribbean Coast Region is a natural region of Colombia mainly composed of eight Departments located contiguous to Colombia is a unitary republic conformed by thirty-two departments ( Spanish: departamentos, sing The Department of La Guajira or simply La Guajira (la ɰwa'hiɾa is a department of Colombia. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The Indigenous Social Alliance Movement (Movimiento Alianza Social Indigena ASI is a progressive indigenist party in Colombia. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the language spoken in South America for the language of Nepal see Wayu language. The Department of La Guajira or simply La Guajira (la ɰwa'hiɾa is a department of Colombia. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. It is located 76 km from Riohacha, the capital of the department and is the second largest urban center near the border with Venezuela, after the city of Cucuta. Riohacha, Rio Hacha or Rio de la Hacha (River of the Axe - Wayuu: Süchiimma) is a city and municipality in the northern Caribbean Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Cúcuta (ˈkukuta is a Colombian city, capital of the North Santander Department and located in the northeast of the country

The city was founded on June 27, 1927 by Colonel Rodolfo Morales and Tomás Curvelo Iguarán, on behalf of the Department of Magdalena in the middle of the Wayuu people territory. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wayuu language Wayuu (also Wayu, Wayúu, Guajiro, Wahiro) is an Amerindian ethnic group of the La Guajira Peninsula [3] During the 1970s Maicao became a commercial hub due to an oil bonanza in Venezuela and the flow of contraband present in the Guajira peninsula. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970.

Contents

Etymology

The name of Maicao comes from the Wayunaiki: mai-ka-u which means "Land of the Maize. This article is about the language spoken in South America for the language of Nepal see Wayu language. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica [4]

Geography

Maicao is located in the Guajira Peninsula, the northern most part of South America and within the Guajira desert. Guajira Peninsula (Peninsula de La Guajira is a Peninsula in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela in the Caribbean sea. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a La Guajira Desert is located in the northernmost part of Colombia in the La Guajira Department, covering most of La Guajira Peninsula including

The municipality of Maicao borders to the north with the municipalities of Uribia and Manaure; to the east with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela; to the south with the municipality of Albania and to the west with the municipality of Riohacha covering a total area of 1,782 km² and at altitude over sea level of 52 m. Uribia is town and municipality of the Colombian Department of La Guajira. Manaure or Salinas de Manaure is a town and municipality located in the Colombian Department of La Guajira. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Albania (previously known as Calabacito from the Spanish meaning Small Calabash tree) is a town and municipality of the Colombian Riohacha, Rio Hacha or Rio de la Hacha (River of the Axe - Wayuu: Süchiimma) is a city and municipality in the northern Caribbean

Climate

Climate in the municipality of Maicao is arid, presenting two rainy seasons and two dry seasons. The average temperature through out the year is of 29°C.

History

Maicao was inhabited by the Wayuu people prior to the arrival of the Spanish. Wayuu language Wayuu (also Wayu, Wayúu, Guajiro, Wahiro) is an Amerindian ethnic group of the La Guajira Peninsula The Wayuu gave one of the strongest resistance to the Spanish conquest, remaining rebellious until the early 20th Century. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Maicao was officially founded on June 27, 1927 by Colonel Rodolfo Morales and Tomás Curvelo Iguarán, on behalf of the Department of Magdalena in the middle of the Wayuu people territory. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wayuu language Wayuu (also Wayu, Wayúu, Guajiro, Wahiro) is an Amerindian ethnic group of the La Guajira Peninsula [5]

The indigenous Wayuu managed contraband trading routes through Maicao arriving from Aruba & Curacao, Venezuela and other Caribbean sea territories mostly coffee, alcohol, tobacco and weapons among other taxable articles. Aruba is a -long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, north of the Paraguaná Peninsula, Falcón State, Venezuela Curaçao (ˈkjuːrəsaʊ in English Dutch: Curaçao, Papiamento: Kòrsou) is an Island in the southern Caribbean Sea, Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the For the region see Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea (kəˈrɪbiən or /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ is a tropical Sea in the Western Hemisphere During the 1970s Maicao became a commercial hub due to an oil bonanza in Venezuela and the flow of contraband present in the Guajira peninsula. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The commercial boon attracted Arab and other Middle Eastern immigrants most of whom established in Maicao as merchants, establishing another culture in the area.

Colombian armed conflict period

The marijuana bonanza in the outskirts of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains also introduced another factor to the culture of the region. Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a Marimberos or drug dealers initiated exports of numerous illegal drug trade to the United States and Europe where there was a high demand for drugs. Illegal drug trade in Colombia (Narcotráfico en Colombia refers to the practice of producing and distributing Illegal drugs with psychoactive effects in the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Opulence in certain urban areas became notable, including a Ferraris collection by Lafaurie-González clan (Eduardo, Iván and Fernando Lafaurie-Gonzalez) and their bunker style houses in Maicao and Riohacha. Ferrari SpA is an Italian Sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy [6]

During the 1980s and 1990s the internal Colombian armed conflict between the government of Colombia and numerous revolutionary groups mainly the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army began to affect the municipality of Maicao. The Colombian armed conflict or Colombian Civil War are terms that are employed to refer to the current asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict in The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo also known by the Acronym of National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación Nacional ELN is a Revolutionary Marxist, Insurgent guerrilla group that has been operating Extortions, kidnappings and assassinations became a common practice. The situation worsened due to the deflation of the Venezuelan economy and the trade decrease, as well as crackdowns on contraband by the Colombian government.

In 1991 was given special customs status in 1991 in order to spur job growth. The government's intent was to allow raw materials to enter the zone untaxed, have workers there turn them into finished product, and then re-export the finished goods outside Colombia. The law allowed for a certain amount of goods to pass from Maicao into the Colombian interior, but only if they were declared to customs officials and duty was paid on them. Cigarettes however moved outside the Maicao special customs zone "duty not paid" and from there into the black market.

In 1997 these Middle Eastern immigrants built the Mosque of Omar Ibn Al-Jattab, one of the largest mosques in Latin America. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The Mosque of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab (or in Spanish transcription Omar Iban Al-Jattab) in Maicao, La Guajira, Colombia is the second

Maicao became subject to royalties coming from the exploitation of coal in the Cerrejon coal mine, however municipal administrations have been subject to widespread corruption and royalties have been temporarily suspended. Cerrejón is a coal mine located in the Guajira department in the north of Colombia. The culture of avoiding paying taxes has created in numerous occasions tensions between the locals and the government, including burning down the local tax bureau office DIAN in protest for confiscating large amounts of contraband. The municipality also suffered a problem of displaced people due to the internal armed conflict and deficiencies in education and health. [7]

On March 19, 2000 the town of Albania segregated some 425 km² from Maicao and becoming a municipality. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Albania (previously known as Calabacito from the Spanish meaning Small Calabash tree) is a town and municipality of the Colombian The municipality of Maicao lost a large area over the coal mine section decreasing the royalties percentage intended for the region. [8][9]

Hezbollah ties

According to FBI investigators who allegedly told Rio de Janeiro’s O Globo in late October 2001 that in addition to the Triborder Region, a focal point of terrorism in South America was Maicao, described as an Islamic community of aproximately 4,670 vacation spot for orthodox Islamics and the largest and best organized Islamic community in Colombia with a minority Shiites reportedly more closely associated with the Muslim fundamentalist concept. [10] The report said that there were cells of the radical group Hizballah and that it controlled up to 70 percent of the local commerce. Hezbollah (حزب الله, literally " party of God " is a Shi'a Islamic political and Paramilitary organisation “The merchants from there make contributions equivalent to 10 percent and even up to 30 percent of their profits. And those responsible for the fund send the money via banks in Maracaibo in Venezuela, and in Panama. Maracaibo is the second-largest city in Venezuela after the national capital Caracas and is the capital of Zulia state Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. [11]

The Department of Administrative Security (Departamento de Seguridad Administrativa―DAS) shut down a clandestine radio station in Maicao on August 15, 1997, for broadcasting Hizballah propaganda, and a couple of arrests for money laundering, Maicao’s Muslim community reportedly has had few contacts with the law. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Nevertheless, it is known that the black market for weapons and money laundering in Maicao and neighboring Zulia State in Venezuela is well established. [12]

Culture

Transportation

The municipality of Maicao has one airstrip La Majayura Airport which is closed, but in process of reopening. [13] Land transportation is served by a two lane single road highway, crossing the municipality of Maicao from Riohacha towards Venezuela and another from the town of Maicao south towards Valledupar. Riohacha, Rio Hacha or Rio de la Hacha (River of the Axe - Wayuu: Süchiimma) is a city and municipality in the northern Caribbean Valledupar is a city and municipality in northeastern Colombia, capital of the Department of Cesar founded in 1550 by Spanish Conqueror Hernando de Santana

References

  1. ^ (Spanish) Colombian Registry of the Civil State: 2007 election results
  2. ^ (Spanish) Observatorio del Caribe Colombiano: Grupo Regional de investigación en economía y competitividad en el Caribe colombiano by Weildler Guerra, Paola Quintero, Jorge Quintero and Ana María Maldonado
  3. ^ Maicao: History
  4. ^ Maicao: Etymology
  5. ^ Maicao: History
  6. ^ (Spanish) Los Jinetes de la Cocaina: La Mafia en Macondo
  7. ^ (Spanish) El Pilon: Las regalías de Maicao by Salomón Kalmanovitz
  8. ^ (Spanish) Gobernacion de La Guajira - Albania: generalities
  9. ^ (Spanish) El Pilon: Las regalías de Maicao by Salomón Kalmanovitz
  10. ^ Library of Congress: Federal Research Division; Narcotics Funded Terrorists/Extremist Groups
  11. ^ Library of Congress: Federal Research Division; Narcotics Funded Terrorists/Extremist Groups
  12. ^ Library of Congress: Federal Research Division; Narcotics Funded Terrorists/Extremist Groups
  13. ^ (Spanish) Senate of Colombia: Senador Ballesteros lidera proceso para garantizar reapertura de aeropuerto de Maicao

External links

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