| Mahmoud Abbas محمود عباس |
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| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 15 January 2005 |
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| Prime Minister | Ahmad Qurei Nabil Shaath Ahmad Qurei Ismail Haniyeh Salam Fayyad |
| Preceded by | Rauhi Fattouh |
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| In office 19 March 2003 – 06 September 2003 |
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| President | Yasser Arafat |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Ahmad Qurei |
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| Born | 26 March 1935 Safed, British Mandate of Palestine |
| Political party | Fatah |
| Spouse | Amina Abbas |
Mahmoud Abbas (Arabic: محمود عباس) (born March 26, 1935), also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (ابو مازن), was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) on January 9, 2005, and took office on January 15, 2005. The President of the Palestinian National Authority ( رئيس السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية) is the highest-ranking political position (equivalent to Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei (or Qureia; احمد علي محمد قريع also known by his Arabic ''Kunya'' Abu Alaa (أبو علاء (born March Nabil Shaath (نبيل شعث (also spelled Sha'ath born 1938 in Safad Palestine is a senior Palestinian official who has held the following titles Palestinian Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei (or Qureia; احمد علي محمد قريع also known by his Arabic ''Kunya'' Abu Alaa (أبو علاء (born March Ismail Haniyeh ( Arabic: إسماعيل هنية sometimes transliterated as Ismail Haniya or Ismail Haniyah) (born January 1963 is a Dr Salam Fayyad (سلام فياض b 1952 is a Palestinian politician who on June 15, 2007, was appointed the Prime Minister of the Palestinian Rawhi Fattuh ( روحي فتوح, also transliterated as Rauhi Fattouh) (born 1949 is the former Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council The Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority is the Head of government of the Palestinian government Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei (or Qureia; احمد علي محمد قريع also known by his Arabic ''Kunya'' Abu Alaa (أبو علاء (born March Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Safed (צְפַת pronounced Tsfat; صفد pronounced Safad) is a city in the Northern District of Israel. The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A kunya ( كنية) is an Honorific widely used in place of Given names through the Arab world. The President of the Palestinian National Authority ( رئيس السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية) is the highest-ranking political position (equivalent to Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [1]
Abbas is a leading politician in Fatah. Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير He served as the first Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority from March to October 2003 when he resigned citing lack of support from Israel and the United States as well as "internal incitement" against his government. The Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority is the Head of government of the Palestinian government [2] Before being named Prime Minister, Abbas led the PLO's Negotiations Affairs Department. He has served as Chairman of the PLO Executive Committee since November 11, 2004, after Yasser Arafat's death. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Abbas is frequently portrayed by Israel and the West as the face of Palestinian moderation.
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Childhood and education
Mahmoud Ridha Abbas was born in 1935 in Safed, then part of the British Mandate of Palestine. Safed (צְפַת pronounced Tsfat; صفد pronounced Safad) is a city in the Northern District of Israel. The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement His family became refugees during the war of 1948 and settled in Syria. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية In Syria he attended school and graduated from the University of Damascus before going to Egypt where he studied law. The University of Damascus ( جامعة دمشق, Jāmi‘atu Dimashq) is the largest University in This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Subsequently, Abbas entered graduate studies at the Patrice Lumumba University in Moscow, where he earned a Ph. The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia ( Russian: Российский университет дружбы народов РУДН is an educational and research institution Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of D. His thesis completed in 1982 was called The Secret Connection between the Nazis and the Leaders of the Zionist Movement. [3][4] In 1984, a book based on Abbas's doctoral dissertation was published in Arabic by Dar Ibn Rushd publishers in Amman, Jordan. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Amman (ɑˈmɑːn sometimes spelled Ammann ( Arabic عمان ʿAmmān) is the Capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern His doctoral thesis later became a book, The Other Side: the Secret Relationship Between Nazism and Zionism, which, following his appointment as Palestinian Prime Minister in 2003, was heavily criticized as an example of Holocaust denial. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the Holocaust denial is the claim that the Genocide of Jews during World War II —usually referred to as The Holocaust —did not occur in the In his book, Abbas wrote:
"It seems that the interest of the Zionist movement, however, is to inflate this figure [of Holocaust deaths] so that their gains will be greater. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as This led them to emphasize this figure [six million] in order to gain the solidarity of international public opinion with Zionism. Many scholars have debated the figure of six million and reached stunning conclusions—fixing the number of Jewish victims at only a few hundred thousand. " [5][6][7]
In his May 2003 interview with Haaretz, Abbas stated:
"I wrote in detail about the Holocaust and said I did not want to discuss numbers. (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. I quoted an argument between historians in which various numbers of casualties were mentioned. One wrote there were 12 million victims and another wrote there were 800,000. I have no desire to argue with the figures. The Holocaust was a terrible, unforgivable crime against the Jewish nation, a crime against humanity that cannot be accepted by humankind. The Holocaust was a terrible thing and nobody can claim I denied it. " [8]
Involvement with politics
In the mid-1950s Abbas became heavily involved in underground Palestinian politics, joining a number of exiled Palestinians in Qatar, where he was Director of Personnel in the emirate's Civil Service. Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated While there, he recruited a number of people who would become key figures in the Palestine Liberation Organization, and was one of the founding members of Fatah in 1957. The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير Yasser Arafat was among other key members. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11
Throughout the 1960s, 70s, and 80s, Abbas traveled with Arafat and the rest of the PLO leadership in exile to Jordan, Lebanon and Tunisia (see article on Yasser Arafat for details). Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Though he garnered little attention, particularly in the Western media, Abbas is said to have had a powerful behind-the-scenes influence on the PLO. He is regarded as an intellectual pragmatist by some commentators. Abbas began to argue for the recognition of Israel at the times when such position was unpopular in the PLO; Dennis Ross recounts Abbas' words that he was "swimming against the stream" in the 70s trying to move the Fatah towards recognizing Israel. Dennis B Ross (born November 26 1948 in San Francisco) is an American Author and Political figure who served as the director for policy planning Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير [9] He is credited with initiating secretive contacts with left-wing and pacifist Jewish groups during the 1970s and 80s, and is considered by many to be a major architect of the 1993 Oslo peace accords (evidenced in part by the fact that he traveled with Arafat to the White House to sign the accords). Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence
At the same time he has performed diplomatic duties, presenting a moderating face for PLO policies. Abbas was the first PLO official to visit Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War in January 1993 to mend fences with the Gulf countries for the PLO's opposition to the US attack on Iraq during the crisis. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi At the 1993 peace accord with Israel, Abbas was the signatory for the PLO on September 13, 1993. He published a memoir, Through Secret Channels: The Road to Oslo (1995).
1972 Olympic Massacre
The Munich massacre occurred at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September, assumed to be an operational cover for Yasser Arafat's Fatah group. The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Munich, in what was Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn The Black September Organization (منظمة أيلول الأسود munazzamat aylul al-aswad) was a Palestinian militant group founded in 1970 Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 The attack led directly to the deaths of 11 Israeli athletes, five of the eight kidnappers, and one German police officer. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
Abu Daoud, one of those believed to have planned or executed the Munich attack, alleged that although he did not know what the money would be spent for, Mahmoud Abbas was responsible for securing the funding for the operation in his autobiography, Memoirs of a Palestinian Terrorist (ISBN 978-1-55970-429-8). Mohammad Oudeh (محمد عودة commonly known as Abu Daoud (أبو داود was the leader of the Black September, the Palestine Liberation Organisation This allegation has not been confirmed by any other former members or affiliates of Black September, nor has it been verified by any historical studies.
Term as Prime Minister
By early 2003, as both Israel and the United States had indicated their refusal to negotiate with Yasser Arafat, Abbas began to emerge as a candidate for a more visible leadership role. As one of the few remaining founding members of Fatah, he had some degree of credibility within the Palestinian cause, and his candidacy was bolstered by the fact that other high-profile Palestinians were for various reasons not suitable (the most notable, Marwan Bargouti, was under arrest in an Israeli jail). Marwan Bin Khatib Barghouti ( مروان البرغوثي born June 6, 1959) is a Palestinian politician and militant leader who gained political authority Abbas's reputation as a pragmatist garnered him favor with the West and certain elements of the Palestinian legislature, and pressure was soon brought on Arafat to appoint him Prime Minister. Arafat did so on March 19, 2003; initially Arafat attempted to undermine the post of Prime Minister, but eventually was forced to give Abbas some degree of power. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
However, the rest of Abbas's term as Prime Minister continued to be characterized by numerous conflicts between him and Arafat over the distribution of power between the two. Condoleezza Rice (born November 14 1954 is the 66th United States Ehud Olmert (אהוד אולמרט ɛˈhud ˈolmeʁt born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel and the former leader Abbas had often hinted he would resign if not given more control over the PA's administration. In early September 2003 he confronted the PA parliament over this issue. The United States and Israel accused Arafat of constantly undermining Abbas and his government.
In addition, Abbas came into conflict with Palestinian militant groups, notably Islamic Jihad and Hamas; his moderate pragmatic policies were diametrically opposed to their hard-line approach. Palestinian political violence or Palestinian terrorism refers to acts of violence committed for political reasons by Palestinians Palestinian groups that support The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين - Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة Initially he pledged not to use force against the militants, in the interest of avoiding a civil war, and instead attempted negotiation. This was partially successful, resulting in a pledge from the two groups to honor a unilateral Palestinian cease-fire. However, continuing violence and Israeli "target killings" of known leaders forced Abbas to pledge a crackdown in order to uphold the Palestinian Authority's side of the Road Map for Peace. The "road map" for peace is a Plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict proposed by a " quartet " of international entities the This led to a power struggle with Arafat over control of the Palestinian security services; Arafat refused to release control to Abbas, thus preventing him from using them in a crackdown on militants.
Abbas resigned from the post of Prime Minister in October 2003, citing lack of support from Israel and the United States as well as "internal incitement" against his government. [10]
2005 presidential election
After Yasser Arafat's death Mahmoud Abbas was seen, at least by Fatah, as his natural successor. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west Borders of Israel The Golan Heights ( الجولان al-Jawlān, הגולן ha-Golan) is a strategic Plateau and mountainous Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip or Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement, or simply the Interim Agreement, also known as Oslo 2 (or Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron, also known as The Hebron Protocol or Hebron Agreement, began January 7 and was concluded from January The Wye River Memorandum was a political agreement negotiated to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 28 September 1995 brokered by the United States between The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister The Taba summit (also known as Taba Summit, Taba Talks, Taba Conference, Taba, or permanent status talks at Taba) were talks between The "road map" for peace is a Plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict proposed by a " quartet " of international entities the For the revolutionary legislature of the Colony of Maryland see Annapolis Convention (1774-1776. Jewish exodus from Arab lands|Islam and Antisemitism|Anti Jewish Arabism Oxymoronic, as Israel has De facto control over all of Jerusalem. However there are many differing legal and diplomatic positions on Jerusalem. Israeli settlements are communities inhabited by Israelis in territory that was captured as a result of Jordanian attacks during the 1967 Six-Day War. West bank walljpg|thumb|Aerial view looking east from the Israeli side The terms " Jewish state " and " homeland of the Jewish people " are used to describe the State of Israel and refer to its status as a Nation-state Palestinian political violence or Palestinian terrorism refers to acts of violence committed for political reasons by Palestinians Palestinian groups that support Proposals for a Palestinian state (دولة فلسطين refer to the proposed establishment of an independent state for the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip, which is currently Dr Salam Fayyad (سلام فياض b 1952 is a Palestinian politician who on June 15, 2007, was appointed the Prime Minister of the Palestinian Ehud Olmert (אהוד אולמרט ɛˈhud ˈolmeʁt born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel and the former leader (שמעון פרס born Szymon Perski on August 2 1923, is the ninth President of the State of Israel. The Quartet on the Middle East, sometimes called the Diplomatic Quartet or Madrid Quartet or simply the Quartet, is a foursome of nations and International The Arab League ( الجامعة العربية) officially called the League of Arab States ( جامعة الدول العربية This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Beirut Summit (also known as the Arab Summit Conference) was a meeting of the Arab League in Beirut, Lebanon in March 2002 to The Elon Peace Plan (now "The Israeli Initiative", formerly "The Right Road to Peace") is a solution for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Lieberman Plan proposed May 2004, also known in Israel as the "Populated-Area Exchange Plan" was proposed by Avigdor Lieberman, the leader of the This article is about the proposal for peace between Israel and Palestine Hudna (هدنة is an Arabic term meaning " Truce " or " Armistice " as well as "calm" or "quiet" coming Israel's unilateral disengagement plan ( Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תוכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in The realignment plan (תוכנית ההתכנסות (originally dubbed the "convergence plan" was formulated and introduced to the Israeli public by prime minister Projects that work to foster peaceful and productive co-existence between Israelis and Arabs (including Palestinians fall into various categories The Valley of Peace initiative is an effort to promote economic cooperation between Israelis and Palestinians. Borders of Israel The Golan Heights ( الجولان al-Jawlān, הגולן ha-Golan) is a strategic Plateau and mountainous
On November 25, Abbas was endorsed by Fatah's Revolutionary Council as its preferred candidate for the Palestinian presidential election, scheduled for January 9, 2005. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the The 2005 Palestinian presidential election &mdash the first to be held since 1996 &mdash took place on January 9, 2005 in the West Bank and Gaza Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
On December 14, Abbas called for an end to violence in the Al-Aqsa Intifada and a return to peaceful resistance. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Abbas told the Asharq al-Awsat newspaper that "the use of arms has been damaging and should end". Asharq Al-Awsat (الشرق الاوسط The Middle East) is a major Pan-Arabic Daily Newspaper, with a circulation of However, he refused to disarm Palestinian militants and use force to act against groups that Israel, the United States, and the European Union designated as "terrorist organizations".
With Israeli forces arresting and restricting the movement of other candidates, Hamas's boycott of the election, and his campaign being given 94% of Palestine TV electoral campaign coverage, Abbas' election was virtually ensured,[11] and on January 9 Abbas was elected with 62% of the vote as the new president of the Palestinian Authority. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. (See Palestinian presidential election, 2005 for election statistics. The 2005 Palestinian presidential election &mdash the first to be held since 1996 &mdash took place on January 9, 2005 in the West Bank and Gaza )
In his speech, he addressed a crowd of supporters chanting "a million shahids", stating: "I present this victory to the soul of Yasser Arafat and present it to our people, to our martyrs and to 11,000 prisoners". Istishhad|Christian martyrs for disambiguation Shahid (شَهيد, plural ar شُهَداء) is an Arabic word meaning "witness" He also called for Palestinian groups to end the use of arms against Israelis. [12][13]
Post 2005 presidential election
Despite Abbas' call for a peaceful solution, attacks by militant groups continued after his election, in a direct challenge to his authority. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia Islamic Jihad launched a raid in Gaza on January 12, killing one and wounding three military personnel in Gaza. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople On January 13, Palestinians from Fatah's al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, Hamas, and the Popular Resistance Committees launched a suicide attack on the Karni crossing, killing six Israelis. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Fatah (فتح literally opening, is a reverse Acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (حركة التحرير The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى is a coalition of Palestinian militias in Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC are various Palestinian militant organizations which operate in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations The Karni Crossing (معبر كارني or معبر المنطار מעבר קרני is a Cargo terminal on the Israeli Gaza Strip barrier. As a result, Israel shut down the damaged terminal and broke off relations with Abbas and the Palestinian Authority, stating that Abbas must now show a gesture of peace by attempting to stop such attacks.
Abbas was formally sworn in as the Chairman of the Palestinian National Authority in a ceremony held on January 15 in the West Bank town of Ramallah. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria Ramallah ( Arabic:) (lit "Height of God" is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank adjacent to Al-Bireh with a population 118000
On January 23, 2005, Israeli radio reported that Abbas had secured a 30-day ceasefire from Hamas and Islamic Jihad. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On February 12, lone Palestinians attacked Israel settlements and Abbas quickly fired some of his security officers for not stopping the attacks in a ceasefire. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the
On April 9, 2005, Abbas said that the killing of three Palestinians in southern Gaza by Israeli soldiers is a deliberate violation of the declared ceasefire deal. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "This violation is made on purpose," Abbas said in a written statement sent to reporters in the West Bank city of Ramallah. Abbas made the statement shortly after three Palestinian teenage boys were shot dead by Israeli troops in the southern Gaza town of Rafah. Israel claimed they thought the boys were attempting to smuggle weapons, while Palestinians claimed a group of boys were playing soccer and three of them went to retrieve the ball near the border fence. [14]
"The Palestinian National Authority will not turn a blind eye to the shedding of the blood of our people and our children. We can never accept opening fire at our children who pose no danger at all," said Abbas. Abbas said the Palestinian children "are as precious to their parents as the Israeli children to their parents. " Condemning the Israeli shooting as "unjustified", Abbas urged Israel to take serious actions to show commitment to the truce.
In May of 2005, Abbas travelled to the White House and met with President George W. Bush of the United States. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Bush, in return for Abbas' crackdown on terrorists, pledged $50 million in aid to the Palestinian Authority and reiterated the U. S. pledge for a free Palestinian state. It was the first direct aid the United States has given to them, as previous donations have gone through non-governmental organizations. The next day Prime Minister Paul Martin of Canada pledged $9. Paul Edgar Philippe Martin. PC, MP (also known as Paul Martin Jr Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page 5 million in new aid for judicial reform and housing projects, monitors for the coming Palestinian elections, border management and scholarships for Palestinian refugee women in Lebanon. [15]
On July 25, 2005 he announced that he will move his office to Gaza until the complete withdrawal of Israeli troops. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He will also be co-ordinating the Palestinian side of the withdrawal, and to mediate between the different factions. [16]
On August 9, 2005 he announced that Palestinian legislative elections, originally scheduled for July 17, will take place in January of 2006. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians On January 15, 2006 he declared that despite unrest in Gaza, he would not change the set date of the elections (January 25), unless Israel decided to prevent Palestinians in East Jerusalem from voting. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate East Jerusalem refers to the part of Jerusalem captured by Jordan in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and subsequently by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. [17] Hamas won a majority of votes in the PA legislature in this vote. [18]
Fatah-Hamas conflict and Gaza crisis
On January 16, 2006 he said that he would not run for office again at the end of his current term. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [19]
On May 25, Abbas gave Hamas a 10 day deadline to accept the 1967 cease-fire lines. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
On June 2, Abbas again announced that if Hamas did not approve the prisoner's document - which calls for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict according to the 1967 borders - within two days, he would present the initiative as a referendum. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks The " Prisoners' Document," officially the National Reconciliation Document, is a document written in 2006 by Palestinian prisoners who were being held in This deadline was subsequently extended until June the 10th 2006. Hamas spokesmen stated that a change in their stance would not occur, and that Abbas is not constitutionally permitted to call a referendum, especially so soon after the January elections.
Mahmoud Abbas warned Hamas on October 8, 2006 that he would call new legislative elections if it does not accept a coalition government. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. To recognize Israel was a condition he has presented for a coalition. But it was not clear if Abbas had the power to call new elections. [18]
On December 16, 2006 Abbas called for new legislative elections, to bring an end to the parliamentary stalemate between Fatah and Hamas in forming a national unity government. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [20]
On March 17, 2007 a Palestinian unity government was formed incorporating members of both Hamas and Fatah, with Ismail Haniyeh as Prime Minister and independent politicians taking many key portfolios. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Palestinian cabinet that was formed on March 17 2007 ( المجلس الفلسطيني لآذار 17 2007) by Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh ( Arabic: إسماعيل هنية sometimes transliterated as Ismail Haniya or Ismail Haniyah) (born January 1963 is a
On June 14, 2007 Abbas dissolved the Hamas-led unity government of prime minister Ismail Haniyeh, declared a state of emergency, and appointed Salam Fayyad in his place. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ismail Haniyeh ( Arabic: إسماعيل هنية sometimes transliterated as Ismail Haniya or Ismail Haniyah) (born January 1963 is a Dr Salam Fayyad (سلام فياض b 1952 is a Palestinian politician who on June 15, 2007, was appointed the Prime Minister of the Palestinian This followed action by Hamas armed forces to take control of Palestinian Authority positions that were in control of US and Israeli-armed and supported Fatah militias. The appointment of Fayyad to replace Haniyeh has been challenged as illegal, because under the Palestinian Basic Law, the President of the Palestinian Authority may dismiss a sitting prime minister, but may not appoint a replacement without the approval of the Palestinian Legislative Council. According to the law, until a new prime minister is thus appointed, the outgoing prime minister heads a caretaker government. Fayyad's appointment was never placed before, or approved by the Palestinian Legislative Council. [21]. For this reason, Ismail Haniyeh the Hamas prime minister has continued to operate in Gaza, and be recognized as by a large number of Palestinians as the legitimate caretaker prime minister. Ismail Haniyeh ( Arabic: إسماعيل هنية sometimes transliterated as Ismail Haniya or Ismail Haniyah) (born January 1963 is a Anis al-Qasem, the Palestinian constitutional lawyer who drafted the Basic Law, is among those who publicly declared Abbas' appointment of Fayyad to be illegal. [22].
On June 18, the EU promised to resume direct aid to the Palestinian Authority, Abbas dissolved the National Security Council, a sticking point in the defunct unity government with Hamas. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries [23] That same day, the United States decided to end its 15-month embargo on the Palestinian Authority and resume aid, attempting to strengthen Abbas's West Bank government. [24] One day later, the Fatah Central Committee cut off all ties and dialogue with Hamas, pending the return of Gaza. [25]
Abbas told March 2, 2008 he was suspending peace talks with Israel, while Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert vowed to press on with the deadly military operations against militants who have been launching increasingly powerful rockets into southern Israel. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Ehud Olmert (אהוד אולמרט ɛˈhud ˈolmeʁt born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel and the former leader [26]
On May 20, 2008, Abbas stated he would resign from his office if the current round of peace talks had not yielded an agreement in principal "within six months". Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common He also stated that the current negotiations were, in effect, deadlocked: "So far, we have not reached an agreement on any issue. Any report indicating otherwise is simply not true. " [27]
Quotes
- "There is absolutely no substitution for dialogue. " (2003)
- "The little jihad is over, and now we have the bigger jihad - the bigger battle is achieving security and economic growth" (2005) [1]
- "From here [the Gaza withdrawal], our people begin the march towards establishing an independent Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital" [2]
- "Today we are visitors to the airport (referring to Yaser Arafat International Airport), tomorrow we will come here as travellers. Yasser Arafat International Airport (مطار ياسر عرفات الدولي transliterated: Matar Yasir 'Arafat ad-Dowaly, formerly Gaza International Airport " (19 August 2005) [3]
- “His Holiness was moved to receive this accolade from the people of Bethlehem and paid special attention to the message of the passport. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ” On giving the Bethlehem Passport to His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI. The Bethlehem Passport is a document issued by Open Bethlehem conferring citizenship of Bethlehem to anyone who supports the ideals of an open democratic society Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger The citation refers to "all people who uphold a just and open society. " [4]
- "I renew my commitment to continuing the road he [Arafat] began and for which he made a lot of sacrifices, until the Palestinian flag flies from the walls, minarets and churches of Jerusalem. " (2005) [5]
References
- ^ Abu Mazen translates as "Father of Mazen"; Mazen is the name of Abbas's first-born son.
- ^ Palestinian prime minister Abbas resigns (CNN)
- ^ Was Abu Mazen a Holocaust Denier? By Brynn Malone (History News Network)
- ^ Abu Mazen: A Political Profile. Zionism and Holocaust Denial by Yael Yehoshua (MEMRI) April 29, 2003
- ^ A Holocaust-Denier as Prime Minister of "Palestine"? by Dr. The Middle East Media Research Institute, or MEMRI for short is a Middle Eastern press monitoring organization located in Washington D Rafael Medoff (The David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies)
- ^ Abu Mazen and the Holocaust by Tom Gross
- ^ PA Holocaust Denial by Itamar Marcus (Palestinian Media Watch)
- ^ Interview with Mahmoud Abbas by Akiva Eldar, Haaretz. (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. May 2003
- ^ Abbas Keeps His Eyes on the Big Picture, by Dennis Ross, Los Angeles Times, July 14, 2003. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=552
- ^ Palestinian prime minister Abbas resigns (CNN)
- ^ Final Report on Monitoring the Presidential Palestinian Elections (Ibn Khaldun Center for Development Studies) January 1, 2005
- ^ Abbas achieves landslide poll win BBC. January 10, 2005
- ^ Abu Mazen: Little Jihad is Over, Big Jihad Starts (Israel National News) January 10, 2005
- ^ Israeli troops kill Palestinian teenagers (Aljazeera) April 10, 2005
- ^ Canada pledges aid to Abbas (Aljazeera) 28 May 2005
- ^ Abbas moves to Gaza for pullout (BBC) July 25, 2005
- ^ Abbas: Palestinian polls on schedule (Aljazeera) January 15, 2006
- ^ a b Abbas Threatens Hamas With New Elections (INN) October 08, 2006
- ^ Abbas 'will not be leader again' (BBC) January 16, 2006
- ^ Palestinian president calls for early elections (CNN) December 16, 2006
- ^ Whose Coup Exactly?, The Electronic Intifada, June, 18, 2007
- ^ Opinion of lawyer who drafted Palestinian law, Reuters, July 8, 2007. The Electronic Intifada (ei is a not-for-profit independent online publication which covers the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from a pro-palestinian perspective "aimed Accessed August 7, 2007
- ^ The Associated Press (2007-06-18). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Abbas dissolves Palestinian National Security Council, rallying international support. International Herald Tribune.
- ^ U.S. ends embargo on Palestinian Authority in move to bolster Fatah (International Herald Tribune) June 19, 2007
- ^ Fatah's leadership decides to cut off all contacts with Hamas (IHT/AP) June 19, 2007
- ^ Abbas suspends peace talks with Israel (CNN/AP) March 2, 2008
- ^ Analysis: The Palestinians' trump card - UPI.com
External links
- Bush pledges $50 million to Palestinian Authority, CNN (May 26, 2005)
- I Don't Have a Magic Wand, Der Spiegel (February 21, 2005)
- Palestinian Head Meets Barghouti, BBC News (November 26, 2004)
- Someone Was Going to Kill Newsweek Interview of Mahmoud Abbas (June 21, 2004 issue)
- Profile: Mahmoud Abbas, BBC News (September 4, 2003)
- Abbas: No Force Against Arab Militants, AP (June 9, 2003)
- Mahmoud Abbas Abu Mazen photo
- Open Directory Project - Mahmoud Abbas directory category
- Yahoo! - Mahmoud Abbas directory category
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Office created |
Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority 2003 |
Succeeded by Ahmed Qurei |
| Preceded by Yasser Arafat |
Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization 2004 – present |
Incumbent |
| Preceded by Rawhi Fattuh |
President of the Palestinian National Authority 2005 – present |
Incumbent |
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