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Maharani redirects here. For the music album by Nicolette Palikat, see Maharani (album). Nicolette Louisa Palikat (born November 1, 1985) better known by her stage name "Nikki" is a Malaysian Singer from Tambunan Maharani is a 2005 music album by Nicolette "Nikki" Palikat, the Kadazan-Dusun singer from Malaysian Idol, released on the Artistes
Sikh Maharaja, Maharaja of Kapurthala
Sikh Maharaja, Maharaja of Kapurthala

The word Mahārāja (also spelled maharajah) is Sanskrit for "great king" or "high king" (a karmadharaya from mahānt "great" and rājan "king"). Jagatjit Singh Bahadur ( 24 November 1872 - 19 June 1949) was the ruling Maharaja of the Princely state of Kapurthala Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical A high king is a king who holds a position of seniority over a group of other kings without the title of Emperor; compare King of Kings. A Karmadhāraya is a type of compound in Sanskrit grammar a subtype of the Tatpurusha type ("nominative-tatpurushas" For other uses see Raja (disambiguation and Rajah (disambiguation. Due to Sanskrit's major influence on the vocabulary of most languages in India, the term 'maharaja' is common to many modern languages, such as Punjabi, Bengali, Hindi, Gujrati, etc. Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Its use is primarily for Hindu potentates (ruler or sovereign). A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical The female equivalent title Maharani (or Maharanee) denotes either the wife of a Mahārāja or, in states where that was customary, a woman ruling in her own right. The term Maharaj denotes separate noble and religious offices, although the fact that in Hindi the suffix 'a' in Maharaja is silent makes the two titles near homophones. The word Mahārāja (also spelled maharajah) is Sanskrit for "great king" or " High king " (a Karmadharaya from mahānt Maharaj is also used to denote the chef (chief cook) at religious or wedding feasts. In 1971, the then government of Indira Gandhi abolished the titles and privy purses of all Indian rulers. Nevertheless some individuals continue to claim such titles. Maharajas today are of historical and anthropoligical interest.


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Indian subcontinent

Maharaja as a ruler's title

On the eve of independence in 1947, India (including present day Pakistan) contained more than 600 princely states (see that article for context), each with its own ruler, often styled Raja or Thakur (if the ruler were Hindu) or Nawab (if he was Muslim); there was a host of less current titles as well. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a For other uses see Raja (disambiguation and Rajah (disambiguation. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. A Nawab or Nawaab ( Urdu: نواب Hindi: नवाब was originally the Subedar (provincial governor or viceroy of a A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion

His Highness Raja Rama Raja Sri Padmanabha Dasa Vanchi Pala Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma Dharma Raja Kulasekhara Perumal, Kiritapati Manney Sultan Bahadur Shamsher Jang, the Maharajah of Travancore(1758-1798)
His Highness Raja Rama Raja Sri Padmanabha Dasa Vanchi Pala Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma Dharma Raja Kulasekhara Perumal, Kiritapati Manney Sultan Bahadur Shamsher Jang, the Maharajah of Travancore(1758-1798)

The British directly ruled 2/3rd of India, the rest was under indirect rule by the above mentioned princes under the considerable influence of British representatives, such as Residents, at their courts. Dharma Raja Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma was the Maharajah of Travancore from 1758 -1798 Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor ( Malayalam: തിരുവിതാങ്കൂര്‍ "Thiru" (respectful prefix which suggests either royal or The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Indirect rule is a type of European colonial Policy in which the traditional local power structure or at least part of it is incorporated into the colonial administrative structure A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a state official of certain representative -diplomatic and/or colonial- types required to take up permanent residency abroad officially

The word Maharaja may be understood simply to mean "king" (as in Jammu and Kashmir), in spite of its literal translation as "great king". ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. This was because only a handful of the states were truly powerful and wealthy enough for their rulers to be considered 'great' monarchs; the remaining were minor princely states, sometimes little more than towns or groups of villages. For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a The word, however, can also mean emperor in contemporary Indian usage.

The title of Maharaja was not as common before the gradual British colonization of India, upon and after which many Rajas and otherwise styled Hindu rulers were elevated to Maharajas, regardless of the fact that scores of these new Maharajas ruled small states, sometimes for some reason unrelated to the eminence of the state, for example support in World War I or World War II. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Two Rajas who became Maharajas in the twentieth century were the Maharaja of Cochin and the legendary Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala. The Kingdom of Cochin or Kochi (also known as Perumpadappu Swaroopam, Madarajyam, Gosree Rajyam, or Kuru Swaroopam; Kapurthala (ਕਪੂਰਥਲਾ is a city in Punjab state of India.

Salute states in present India

The gun salutes (crucial in protocolary respect) enjoyed by the princely states that acceeded to the Dominion of India on 14 August 1947, included more Maharajas than any other title, and in most of the classes, though predominantly in the higher ones:

Hereditary salutes of 21-guns:

H. A salute (also called obeisance) is a Gesture (often Hand gesture) or other action used to display respect For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a E. H (His Exalted Highness) The Nizam of Hyderabad, the largest State of India (only the Nizam was addressed as His Exalted Highness, a title bestowed upon him for rendering yeoman service to the British in WW I)

Hereditary salutes of 19-guns (21-guns local): H. For the School in Gwalior India see Scindia School. For the Italian city see Sindia Italy. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India H. the Maharaja Holkar (as above) of Indore

Hereditary salutes of 19-guns:

Hereditary salutes of 17-guns (19-guns personal): only H. Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor ( Malayalam: തിരുവിതാങ്കൂര്‍ "Thiru" (respectful prefix which suggests either royal or H. the Maharaja of Kotah

Hereditary salutes of 17-guns (19-guns local):

Hereditary salutes of 17-guns:

Hereditary salutes of 15-guns (17-guns personal): only H. H. the Maharaja Rana of Dholpur

Hereditary salutes of 15-guns (17-guns local): only H. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dholpur (also Dhaulpur Hindiधौलपुर is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of H. the Maharaja of Alwar

Hereditary salutes of 15-guns:

Hereditary salutes of 13-guns (15-guns personal and local):

Hereditary salutes of 13-guns (15-guns local):

Hereditary salutes of 13-guns:

Hereditary salutes of 11-guns:

Hereditary salutes of 9-guns:

Compound and dynastic ruler titles

In the Mughal empire it was quite common to award to various princes (hereditary or not) a series of lofty titles as a matter of protocollary rank. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most Many of these (see also above) elaborate explicitly on the title Maharaja, in the following descending order:

Furthermore there were various compound titles simply including other princely styles, such as :

Certain Hindu dynasties even came to use a unique style, including a term which as such is not of princely rank, e. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jhalawar ( Hindi:झालावाड़ is a city in southeastern Rajasthan. Nāgpur ( Marathi: नागपुर is the largest city in central India (2001 Census and the second capital of the state of Maharashtra. Sahib ( Urdu: صاحب) (traditionally ˈsɑːɪb or /ˈsɑːb/ in English now often /səˈhiːb/ is a South Asian term of respect meaning Sir master g. Maharaja Gaikwar of Baroda, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, Maharaja Holkar of Indore, three of the very highest ranking ruling houses

Nobiliary and Honorary use

Like Raja and various other titles, Maharaja was repeatedly awarded to notables without a princely state, such as zamindars

Derived style for princes of the blood

Maharaj Kumar (or Maharajkumar) means son of a Maharaja; the female equivalent is Maharaj Kumari (Maharajkumari): daughter of a Maharaja. Kumar ( குமார், ( Sanskrit: कुमार. In Hinduism (meaning child (child of Skanda) the God of War

Malay world

Indonesia

As many Indonesian states started out when the archipelago was still predominantly Hindu (Bali still is) or Buddhist, some have been ruled by a Maharaja, such as Srivijaya and Kutai Karta Negara (until that kingdom converted to Islam in 1565, when the Muslim title of Sultan was adopted). Bali is an Indonesian Island located at, the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Srivijaya or Sriwijaya was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra, Southeast Asia which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings Traditional titles remain in use for the other members of this dynasty, such as Pangeran Ratu for the heir. Pangeran Ratu (d 1651 was the ruler of Banten in Northwest Java, Indonesia, and was the first ruler anywhere on the island of Java to take the title of

Malaysia

In peninsular Malaysia:

In northern Borneo, the title Maharajah of Sabah and Rajah of Gaya and Sandakan was used 29 December 1877 - 26 August 1881 by Alfred Dent (compare White Rajah)

Philippines

In the Philippines, more specifically in Sulu, Maharaja (also spelled "Maharajah") was a title given to various subdivisional princes. Pahang ( Jawi: ڨهڠ is the third largest state on Malaysia, after Sarawak and Sabah, occupying the huge Pahang River River Bendahara is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. Sandakan is the second-largest city in Sabah, East Malaysia, on the north-eastern coast of Borneo. The White Rajahs refer to a dynasty that founded and ruled the Kingdom of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946 namely the Brookes who came originally from England The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Parts of the Philippines may have also been ruled by a Maharajah under the Srivijaya and Majapahit empires. Srivijaya or Sriwijaya was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra, Southeast Asia which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. Majapahit was an Indianized kingdom based in eastern Java from 1293 to around 1500.

Compound titles

The word can also be part of titles used by Malay nobility

Most famous was Bendahara Seri Maharaja Tun Mutahir of Malacca (executed 1509) and Datuk Maharaja Lela Pandak Endut of Perak (executed 1876). Malays (Melayu are an Ethnic group of Austronesian peoples predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, the east coast of Sumatra, the coast Naning is an area in modern day Malacca, Malaysia and was founded in 1641 Bendahara is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Mutahir (d 1510) was a famous Bendahara of the Malaccan Sultanate. The word Mahārāja (also spelled maharajah) is Sanskrit for "great king" or " High king " (a Karmadharaya from mahānt Perak is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is the second largest state in Peninsular Malaysia bordering Kedah and Yala Province of

The palace marshal of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (federal elective Paramount ruler) of modern Malaysia is called Datuk Maharaja Lela Penghulu Istana Negara. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the highest ranking office created by the constitution of the federation of Malaysia For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and

Philippines

Sulu

The name Maharajah Adinda was given to one of the lineages of the Sulu Royal Family. For the Star Trek character see Hikaru Sulu. For the sultanate see Sultanate of Sulu. And as a result, sultans under this lineage append "Maharajah Adinda" as a title to the beginning of their names.

Indonesia

Aceh

Maharaja was also part of the titles of the nobility in the Sumatran sultanate of Aceh. See also Sultanate of Aceh Aceh (ʔaˈtɕɛh generally anglicized as ˈɑːtʃeɪ is a special territory ( daerah istimewa) of Indonesia In the past the title of Maharaja is given to leader of the unreigning noble family and the Prime Minister Maharaja Mangkubumi. The last Prime Minister of Aceh who was installed to be the Maharaja Mangkubumi, Habib Abdurrahman el Zahir, also acted as the foreign affairs minister of Aceh but was deposed and exiled to Jeddah by the colonial Dutch east Indies authorities in October 1878. Jeddah (also spelled Jiddah, Jidda, or Jedda; جدّة Ǧiddah) is a Saudi Arabian city located on the coast of the See http//enwikipediaorg/wiki/WikipediaFootnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags and the template below

See also

Sources and references

Ouparath, also Ouparaja, or Uparaja, are titles for viceregal positions reserved for of the Buddhist dynasties in Thailand, Cambodia, Burma For other uses see Raja (disambiguation and Rajah (disambiguation. A king is a male Monarch, or a Head of state, who may or may not depending on the style of government of a nation exercise monarchal powers over a territory usually

Dictionary

maharaja

-noun

  1. A Hindu prince ranking above a raja.
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