| Madura | |
|---|---|
 Bull racing in Sumenep, Madura. Sumenep on Madura Island is a regency (kabupaten of East Java, Indonesia. |
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| Geography | |
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| Location | South East Asia |
| Coordinates | |
| Archipelago | Greater Sunda Islands |
| Area | 4,250 km²
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| Administration | |
 Indonesia |
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| Province | East Java |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 3,525,000 (as of 2005) |
| Density | 829/km²/km² |
| Indigenous people | Madurese |
Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The Greater Sunda Islands are a group of Islands within the Malay Archipelago. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. East Java (Jawa Timur is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and also includes neighboring Madura The Madurese are an Ethnic group originally from the island of Madura but now found in many parts of Indonesia, where they are the third-largest ethnic Indonesia comprises 17508 Islands (based from " Seminar Nasional Penetapan Nama Pulau-pulau Kecil Dalam Presektif Sejarah or "National Seminary Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. The island comprises an area of approximately 4,250 km² and a population of about four million, most of whom are ethnically Madurese. The Madurese are an Ethnic group originally from the island of Madura but now found in many parts of Indonesia, where they are the third-largest ethnic The main language of Madura is Madurese, which is also spoken in part of eastern Java and on many of the 66 outlying islands. Madurese is the spoken language of the Madurese people from Madura Island, Indonesia; it is also spoken on Kangean Islands, Sapudi Madura is administered as part of the East Java province. East Java (Jawa Timur is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and also includes neighboring Madura
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Administration
Madura Island is part of East Java province and is divided into four regencies:
Economy
On the whole, Madura is one of the poorest regions of the East Java province. Bangkalan Regency is a regency (kabupaten of East Java province in Indonesia. Sampang on Madura Island is a regency (kabupaten of East Java, Indonesia. Pamekasan on Madura Island is a regency (kabupaten of East Java, Indonesia. Sumenep on Madura Island is a regency (kabupaten of East Java, Indonesia. Unlike Java, the soil is not fertile enough to make it a major agricultural producer. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Limited other economic opportunities have led to chronic unemployment and poverty. These factors have led to long-term emigration from the island, such that most ethnically Madurese people do not now live on Madura. People from Madura were some of the most numerous participants in government transmigration programs, moving to other parts of Indonesia. The transmigration program ( Indonesian: Transmigrasi) was an initiative of the Indonesian government to move landless people from densely populated areas
Subsistence agriculture is a mainstay of the economy. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Maize is a key subsistence crop, on island's many small landholdings. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Cattle-raising is also a critical part of the agricultural economy, providing extra income to peasant farmer families, in addition to being the basis for Madura's famous bull-racing competitions. Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Small-scale fishing is also important to the subsistence economy.
Among export industries, tobacco farming is a major contributor to the island's economy. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Madura's soil, while unable to support many food crops, helps make the island an important producer of tobacco and cloves for the domestic kretek (clove cigarette) industry. This article is about the Spice; for other meanings see Clove (disambiguation. Kretek ˈkriːtɛk (or clove are Cigarettes made with a complex blend of Tobacco, Cloves and a flavoring 'sauce' Since the Dutch era, the island has also been a major producer and exporter of salt. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants
Bangkalan, on the western end of the island, has industrialized substantially since the 1980s. Bangkalan Regency is a regency (kabupaten of East Java province in Indonesia. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one This region is within a short ferry ride of Surabaya, Indonesia's second-largest city, and hence has gained a role as a suburb for commuters to Surabaya, and as a location for industry and services that need to be near the city. The long-planned Surabaya-Madura (Suramadu) Bridge, now under construction, is expected to further increase the Bangkalan area's interaction with the regional economy. The Suramadu Bridge ( Jembatan Suramadu) also known as the Surabaya-Madura Bridge, is a bridge with cable-stayed section currently under construction
Culture
Bull racing
Madura is famous for is bull-racing competitions, where a jockey, usually a young boy, rides a simple wooden sled pulled by a pair of bulls over a course of about 100 meters in ten to fifteen seconds. In Sport, a jockey is one who rides Horses in Horse racing or steeplechase racing primarily as a profession Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Several towns on the island hold races in August and September of each year, with a large final for the Presidential Trophy held in Pamekasan in late September or October. Pamekasan on Madura Island is a regency (kabupaten of East Java, Indonesia.
Music and theater
Several forms of music and theater are popular on Madura, particularly among poorer people for whom they provide an inexpensive form of entertainment and community-building. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one The topeng theater, which involves masked performances of classical stories such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata, is the Madurese performance art best known outside the island, due to its role as a representative Madurese art form at exhibitions of regional cultures from all over Indonesia. A mask is an artefact normally worn on the face typically for protection concealment performance or amusement The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki However, performances of it are rare on Madura, and are generally restricted to entertainment at large official functions. The less formal loddrok theater, where performers do not wear masks and perform a wider range of themes, is more popular on the island.
The gamelan orchestra, best known as a classical Javanese instrument, is also played on Madura, where several of the former royal courts, such as at Bangkalan and Sumenep, possess elaborate gamelans. A gamelan is a musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones xylophones drums and gongs bamboo flutes bowed and Tongtong music, more exclusive to Madura, is played on several wooden or bamboo drums, and often accompanies bull-racing competitions.
See also
References
- Kees van Dijk, Huub de Jonge, and Elly Touwen-Bouswsma, eds. Indonesia comprises 17508 Islands (based from " Seminar Nasional Penetapan Nama Pulau-pulau Kecil Dalam Presektif Sejarah or "National Seminary (1995). Across Madura Strait: the dynamics of an insular society. Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN 90-6718-091-2.
Further reading
- Farjon, I. (1980) Madura and surrounding islands : an annotated bibliography, 1860-1942 The Hague: M. Nijhoff. Bibliographical series (Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands)) ; 9.
External links
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