Madhya Pradesh

?Madhya Pradesh India
Bhopal
Coordinates: 23°10′N 77°13′E / 23.17, 77.21
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area	308,144 km² (118,975 sq mi)
Capital	Bhopal
Largest city	Indore
District(s)	50
Population • Density	60,385,118 (7th) • 196 /km² (508 /sq mi)
Language(s)	Hindi
Governor	Balram Jakhar
Chief Minister	Shivraj Singh Chouhan
Chief Secretary	Rakesh Sahni
Established	1956-11-01
Legislature (seats)	Unicameral (230)
ISO abbreviation	IN-MP
Website: www.mp.gov.in
Seal of Madhya Pradesh

Coordinates: 23°10′N 77°13′E / 23.17, 77.21

Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) (Hindī: मध्य प्रदेश, pronounced [məd̪ʱjə prəd̪eːʃ] (help·info), translation: Middle Province), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Bhopāl ( Hindi: भोपाल bʰoːpɑːl, Marathi -भोपाळ is a city in central India. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Indian state Bhopāl ( Hindi: भोपाल bʰoːpɑːl, Marathi -भोपाळ is a city in central India. Indore ( Hindi: इंदौर/इन्दोर, Marathi - इंदूर, the largest city and the commercial capital of the central Indian state of A district is an administrative division of a state in India India is divided into twenty-eight states and seven Union territories (UT In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the States of India in order of population The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Dr Balram Jakhar (b Aug 23, 1923) ( Devanagari:बलराम जाखड IAST: Balrām Jākhaḍ is a well known Parliamentarian Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh See also Madhya Pradesh Chief Ministers of India Shivraj Singh Chauhan (शिवराज सिंह चौहान (born 5 March, 1959)is the current Chief minister of Madhya Pradesh. The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2IN is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to India. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Its capital is Bhopal. Bhopāl ( Hindi: भोपाल bʰoːpɑːl, Marathi -भोपाळ is a city in central India. Madhya Pradesh was originally the largest state in India until November 1, 2000 when the state of Chhattisgarh was carved out. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Chhattisgarh ( Chhattisgarhi / Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ tʃʰət̪t̪iːsgəɽʰ, a state in central India, formed when the sixteen It borders the states Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Chhattisgarh ( Chhattisgarhi / Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ tʃʰət̪t̪iːsgəɽʰ, a state in central India, formed when the sixteen Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area

History

Ancient

The Sanchi stupa in Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh built by emperor Ashoka in the third century BC

The city of Ujjain (also known as Avanti) arose as a major center in the second wave of Indian urbanization in the sixth century BC, and served as the chief city of the kingdom of Malwa or Avanti. Sanchi is a small Village in Raisen District of India, it is located 46 km north east of Bhopal, and 10 km from Besnagar and WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ujjain ( Hindi:उज्जैन (also known as Ujain, Ujjayini, Avanti Further east, the kingdom of Chedi lie in Bundelkhand. Chedi kingdom (चेदि was one among the many kingdoms ruled during early periods by Paurava kings and later by Yadav kings in the central and western India Chandragupta Maurya united northern India c. Chandragupta Maurya (चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य sometimes known simply as Chandragupta (born c 320 BCE, establishing the Maurya empire (321 to 185 BCE), which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military King Ashoka's wife was said to come from Vidisha- a town north of today's Bhopal. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Vidisha or Besnagar or old name Bhelsa is a city in the central Indian state The Maurya empire went into decline after the death of Asoka, and Central India was contested among the Sakas, Kushanas, and local dynasties during the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi The Sakas ( English form of Old Iranian Sakā, Nominative plural masculine case; Ancient Greek Σάκαι, The Kushan Empire (c 1st &ndash 3rd centuries) was a Bactrian state that at its cultural zenith Circa 105 &ndash 250 Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial center of western India from the first century BCE, located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. The Ganges (ˈgænʤiːz also Ganga, Devanāgarī: hi गंगा in most Indian languages) is the major river in the Indian subcontinent The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: It was also an important Hindu and Buddhist center. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The Satavahana dynasty of the northern Deccan and the Saka dynasty of the Western Satraps fought for the control of Madhya Pradesh during the 1st to 3rd centuries CE. The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( The Western Satraps, or Western Kshatrapas ( 35 - 405) were Saka rulers of the western and central part of India ( Saurashtra

Northern India was conquered by the Gupta empire in the 4th and 5th centuries, which became known as India's "classical age". The Gupta Empire ( Hindi: गुप्त राजवंश was ruled by members of the Gupta dynasty from around 320 to 550 C The Vakataka dynasty were the southern neighbors of the Guptas, ruling the northern Deccan plateau from the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal. The Vakataka (Vākāţaka was an Indian dynasty which ruled parts of today's Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh from the third century to fifth century These empires collapsed towards the end of the 5th century.

Medieval

The attacks of the Hephthalites or White Huns brought about the collapse of the Gupta empire, and India broke up into smaller states. The Hephthalites or White Huns were a Central Asian Nomadic confederation whose precise origins and composition remain obscure A king Yasodharman of Malwa defeated the Huns in 528, ending their expansion. Yasodharman or Yashôdharman ( Devanagari:यशोधर्मा was the king of Malwa, in central India, during King Harsha of Thanesar reunited northern India for a few decades before his death in 647. Harsha or Harshavardhana (हर्षवर्धन or "Harsha vardhan" ( 590 &ndash 647) was an Indian emperor who ruled Northern India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thanesar ( Hindi: थानेसर is an old and historic town on the banks of the Ghaggar river The Medieval period saw the rise of the Rajput clans, including the Paramaras of Malwa and the Chandelas of Bundelkhand. Rajput constitute one of the major Hindu Kshatriya groups from India Paramara (also known as Parmara and Parmar) is the name of a prominent Arya Agnivanshi Rajput clan of medieval India, which ruled History From Ninth century to 13th century the Chandelas ruled over central India The Paramara king Bhoj (c. Bhoja was a Philosopher king and Polymath of medieval India. He ruled the kingdom of Malwa in Central India from about 1010 1010-1060) was a brilliant polymath and prolific writer. A polymath ( Greek polymathēs, πολυμαθής "having learned much" is a person whose knowledge is not restricted to one subject area The Chandelas created the temple city of Khajuraho between c. Khajuraho (खजुराहो is a village in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, located in Chhatarpur District, about 385 miles (620 kilometres 950 and c. 1050. Gond kingdoms emerged in Gondwana and Mahakoshal. The Gondi (Gōndi are a people in central India. The Gondi or Gond people are spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra Northern Madhya Pradesh was conquered by the Muslim Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए After the collapse of the Delhi Sultanate at the end of the 14th century, independent regional kingdoms reemerged, including the Tomara Rajput kingdom of Gwalior and the Muslim Sultanate of Malwa, with its capital at Mandu. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India Mandu, or Mandavgarh is a ruined city in the Dhar district in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh state Central India. The Malwa Sultanate was conquered by the Sultanate of Gujarat in 1531. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India.

Modern

Most of Madhya Pradesh came under Mughal rule during the reign of the emperor Akbar (1556–1605). Akbar redirects here For other uses see Akbar (disambiguation Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar Gondwana and Mahakoshal remained under the control of Gond kings, who acknowledged Mughal supremacy but enjoyed virtual autonomy. After the death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 Mughal control began to weaken, and the Marathas began to expand from their base in central Maharashtra. Aurangzeb ( (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I Padshah Ghazi) ( November 4, The Marāthās ( Marathi: mr मराठा also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu Warriors hailing mostly from the present-day Between 1720 and 1760 the Marathas took control of most of Madhya Pradesh, and Maratha clans were established semi-autonomous states under the nominal control of the Maratha Peshwa. The Peshwa ( Marathi:पेशवा plural Peshwe, Marathi:पेशवे were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha The Holkars of Indore ruled much of Malwa, and the Bhonsles of Nagpur dominated Mahakoshal and Gondwana as well as Vidarbha in Maharashtra. The Holkar were a prominent Dhangar family who ruled as Rajas and later Maharajas of Indaur (better known as Indore) in Central India Indore ( Hindi: इंदौर/इन्दोर, Marathi - इंदूर, the largest city and the commercial capital of the central Indian state of Nāgpur ( Marathi: नागपुर is the largest city in central India (2001 Census and the second capital of the state of Maharashtra. Mahakoshal (also Mahakaushal) is a region of central India. Mahakoshal lies in the upper or eastern reaches of the Narmada River valley in the Gondwana (ɡɒnˈdwɑːnə originally Gondwanaland) was a southern Supercontinent that existed about 500 to 200 Ma ago Vidarbha (Marathi विदर्भ is the eastern region of Maharashtra state made up of Nagpur Division and Amravati Division. Jhansi was founded by a Maratha general. Jhansi ( Urdu: جھانسی Hindi: झांसी Marathi:झाशी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. Bhopal was ruled by a Muslim dynasty descended from the Afghan General Dost Mohammed Khan. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Dost Mohammad Khan ( Pashto / Persian: دوست محمد خان) ( December 23, 1793 - June 9, 1863) son of Sardār Maratha expansion was checked at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. The Third Battle of Panipat took place on January 14, 1761 at Panipat (Haryana State India) situated at about 80 miles (130 km north

The British were expanding their Indian dominions from bases in Bengal, Bombay, and Madras, and the three Anglo-Maratha Wars were fought between 1775 and 1818. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial The Third Anglo-Maratha War left the British supreme in India. The Third Anglo-Maratha War ( 1817 - 1818) was a final and decisive conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in Most of Madhya Pradesh, including the large states of Indore, Bhopal, Nagpur, Rewa, and dozens of smaller states, became princely states of British India, and the Mahakoshal region became a British province, the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories. For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories was a region of British India, located in central part of present-day Madhya Pradesh state in central India In 1853 the British annexed the state of Nagpur, which included southeastern Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra and most of Chhattisgarh, which were combined with the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories to form the Central Provinces in 1861. Nāgpur ( Marathi: नागपुर is the largest city in central India (2001 Census and the second capital of the state of Maharashtra. Chhattisgarh ( Chhattisgarhi / Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ tʃʰət̪t̪iːsgəɽʰ, a state in central India, formed when the sixteen The Central Provinces and Berar was a province of British India. The princely states of northern Madhya Pradesh were governed by the Central India Agency. The Central India Agency was a political unit of British India, which covered the northern half of present-day Madhya Pradesh state

After the recent discovery in July 2007, of ruby ore in the region it has been overwhelmed by mining companies and individuals seeking work. This has led to a massive surge in population that has subsequently caused a reported 283% increase in crime as well as a massive outbreak of dysentery in several areas of Madhya Pradesh. A recent government report has declared parts of the region as "Overwhelmed by disease. . . in need of a greater military presence" The government has now taken measures to bring the area under greater control and is "currently enacting proper regulations. "

After Indian independence

Madhya Pradesh was created in 1950 from the former British Central Provinces and Berar and the princely states of Makrai and Chhattisgarh, with Nagpur as the capital of the state. The Central Provinces and Berar was a province of British India. For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a Makrai is a formerly Princely state of India. It was under the administrative authority of the Central Provinces and Berar until 1933 when it was transferred Nāgpur ( Marathi: नागपुर is the largest city in central India (2001 Census and the second capital of the state of Maharashtra. The new states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal were formed out of the Central India Agency. Madhya Bharat ( Hindi: मध्य भारत also known as Malwa Union was a former state in west-central India. Vindhya Pradesh ( Hindī: विन्द्य प्रदेश Urdū: وِندے پردیش is a former state of India. Bhopal state ( Hindi: भोपाल Urdu: بھوپال bʰoːpɑːl was an independent state of 18th century India, a Princely state of In 1956, the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh, and the Marathi-speaking southern region Vidarbha, which included Nagpur, was ceded to Bombay state. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. Vidarbha (Marathi विदर्भ is the eastern region of Maharashtra state made up of Nagpur Division and Amravati Division. The State of Bombay is a former state of India. During British rule, portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the Bhopal became the new capital of the state. In November 2000, as part of the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act, the southeastern portion of the state split off to form the new state of Chhattisgarh. Chhattisgarh ( Chhattisgarhi / Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ tʃʰət̪t̪iːsgəɽʰ, a state in central India, formed when the sixteen

Geography

Satpura Range at Pachmarhi

Madhya Pradesh in Hindi can be translated to Central Province, and it is located in the geographic heart of India. The Satpura Range is a range of Hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian Sea coast running east through Pachmarhi is a Hill station in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. The state straddles the Narmada River, which runs east and west between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges; these ranges and the Narmada are the traditional boundary between the north and south of India. The Narmada नर्मदा Gujarati નર્મદા or Nerbudda (Narbada is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the Indian subcontinent The Vindhya Range ( Sanskrit: विन्‍ध्य is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent which geographically The Satpura Range is a range of Hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian Sea coast running east through The state is bordered on the west by Gujarat, on the northwest by Rajasthan, on the northeast by Uttar Pradesh, on the east by Chhattisgarh, and on the south by Maharashtra. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India.

Madhya Pradesh comprises several linguistically and culturally distinct regions, including:

Malwa: a plateau region in the northwest of the state, north of the Vindhya Range, with its distinct language and culture. Indore is the major city of the region, while Bhopal lies on the edge of Bundelkhand region. Indore ( Hindi: इंदौर/इन्दोर, Marathi - इंदूर, the largest city and the commercial capital of the central Indian state of Ujjain is a town of historical importance. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ujjain ( Hindi:उज्जैन (also known as Ujain, Ujjayini, Avanti
Nimar (Nemar): the western portion of the Narmada River valley, lying south of the Vindhyas in the southwest portion of the state. Nimar is the southwestern region of Madhya Pradesh state in west-central India
Bundelkhand: a region of rolling hills and fertile valleys in the northern part of the state, which slopes down toward the Indo-Gangetic plain to the north. Geography Bundelkhand lies between the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the north and the Vindhya Range to the south The Indo-Gangetic Plain also known as the Northern plains and the North Indian River Plain is a large and fertile plain encompassing most of northern and eastern India, Gwalior is an historic center of the region. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India
Chambal: the north-western region. Chambal may refer to Chambal Division Chambal River A mountainous region rich in red, soft, and fragile sandstone. The climate is harsh, and the area is known for murderous pirates who were active in hundreds in the late 1900s.
Baghelkhand: a hilly region in the northeast of the state, which includes the eastern end of the Vindhya Range. Bagelkhand (or Baghelkhand) is a region in central India, in northeastern Madhya Pradesh state
Mahakoshal (Mahakaushal): the southeastern portion of the state, which includes the eastern end of the Narmada river valley and the eastern Satpuras. Mahakoshal (also Mahakaushal) is a region of central India. Mahakoshal lies in the upper or eastern reaches of the Narmada River valley in the Jabalpur is the most important city in the region. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jabalpur (lang-hi|जबलपुर}} is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India
Central Vindhya and Satpura region. The Vindhya Range ( Sanskrit: विन्‍ध्य is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent which geographically The Satpura Range is a range of Hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian Sea coast running east through Which has most of the central Narmada river valley and watershed, and has the highest point in the state - Dhupgarh in Pachmarhi. Pachmarhi is a Hill station in Madhya Pradesh state of central India.

Rivers of Madhya Pradesh

The Bansagar Dam on Sone River

Madhya Pradesh represents great river basins and the watershed of a number of rivers. Bansagar or Ban Sagar Dam ( ISAT:Bāṇasāgar Hindi:बाणसागर is a multipurpose River valley project on Son River This is about the river in India, for a river in Vietnam, see Son River (Vietnam The Son River or Sone of central A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Catchments of many rivers of India lie in Madhya Pradesh. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Narmada (originating from Amarkantak) and Tapti (originating from Multai of Betul District) rivers and their basins divide the state in two, with the northern part draining largely into the Ganga basin and the southern part into the Godavari and Mahanadi systems. The Narmada नर्मदा Gujarati નર્મદા or Nerbudda (Narbada is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the Indian subcontinent WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Amarkantak ( Devanagari: अमरकंटक is a pilgrim town and a Nagar panchayat The Tapti River (original name Tapi River) is a river in central India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Multai is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Betul district in the Indian state Betul district is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India, and Betul town is the district headquarters The Ganges (ˈgænʤiːz also Ganga, Devanāgarī: hi गंगा in most Indian languages) is the major river in the Indian subcontinent This article is about the river Godavari in India. For other uses see Godavari (disambiguation The Godavari ( Marathi language:गोदावरी The Mahanadi rises in the highlands ofChhattisgarh It flows through Orissa to reachthe Bay of Bengal The Vindhyas form the southern boundary of the Ganga basin, with the western part of the Ganga basin draining into the Yamuna and the eastern part directly into the Ganga itself. The Vindhya Range ( Sanskrit: विन्‍ध्य is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent which geographically For the goddess of the river who is sometimes called Yamuna see Yami The Yamuna (Sanskrit यमुना All the rivers, which drain into the Ganga, flow from south to north, with the Chambal, Sipra, Kali Sind, Parbati, Kuno, Sind, Betwa, Dhasan and Ken rivers being the main tributaries of the Yamuna. The Chambal River (Hindi-चम्बल is a Tributary of the Yamuna River in central India. The Shipra, also known as the Kshipra, is a river in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. Kali Sindh is a river in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, that joins the Chambal River at downstream of Sawai Madhopur in Rajasthan Parbati River is a river in Madhya Pradesh, India that flows into the Chambal River. For Sindhu river please see Indus River The Sindh is a River of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The Betwa (Vetravati is a river in Northern India, and a Tributary of the Yamuna and joins Yamuna near Hamirpur. The Dhasan River is a Tributary of the Betwa River. The river originates in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh state in India. The Ken River is one the major Rivers of the Bundelkhand region of central India. The land drained by these rivers is agriculturally rich, with the natural vegetation largely consisting of grass and dry deciduous forest types, largely thorny. Grass is the common word that generally describes Monocotyledonous green Plants The family Gramineae ( Poaceae) are the "true grasses" and include The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest Biome, also known as tropical dry forest, is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes The eastern part of the Ganga basin consists of the Son, the Tons and the Rihand Rivers, with the Son being the major tributary. This is about the river in India, for a river in Vietnam, see Son River (Vietnam The Son River or Sone of central The Tons is the largest tributary of the Yamuna and flows through Garhwal region in Uttarakhand, touching Himachal Pradesh. The Rihand is a river in east-central India, a tributary of the Son River. This is also the junction point of the Satpura and the Vindhya ranges, with the Maikal and Kaimur Hills being the fulcrum. The Satpura Range is a range of Hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian Sea coast running east through The Vindhya Range ( Sanskrit: विन्‍ध्य is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent which geographically The forests here are much richer than the thorn forests of the northwestern part of Madhya Pradesh. The Son is of great significance in that it is the largest tributary going into the Ganga on the south bank and arising out of the hills of Madhya Pradesh rather than from the Himalayas. This river and its tributaries contribute the bulk of the monsoon flow into Ganga, because the north bank tributaries are all snow fed.

The major tributary of the Ganga, the Son, arises in one of the most important watersheds in India, the Maikal hills around Amarkantak. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Amarkantak ( Devanagari: अमरकंटक is a pilgrim town and a Nagar panchayat Three of the great rivers of India, Narmada, Mahanadi and Son, are given birth to by these hills. This is also one of the few ranges in the State having a north south configuration. The Mahanadi itself, together with its tributaries such as Hasdeo, Mand and Kharun flows southeast into Orissa and converts that State into a green rice bowl. Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. The upper Mahanadi catchment contains some of the finest forests in the State, ranging from mixed deciduous to teak, bamboo and Sal. Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily Just as the Mahanadi flows east from the Maikal hills and the Son flows north, the mighty Narmada charts a westerly course from these very hills. The Mahanadi rises in the highlands ofChhattisgarh It flows through Orissa to reachthe Bay of Bengal SON DNA binding protein, also known as SON, is a human Gene. The Narmada नर्मदा Gujarati નર્મદા or Nerbudda (Narbada is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the Indian subcontinent The Narmada flows through a rift valley, with the Vindhyas marching along its northern bank and the Satpuras along the southern. Its tributaries include the Banjar, the Tawa, the Machna, the Denwa and the Sonbhardra rivers. The Tawa River is a tributary of the Narmada River of central India. Taken in combination with its parallel sister river, the Tapti, which also flows through a rift valley, the Narmada - Tapti systems carry and enormous volume of water and provide drainage for almost a quarter of the land area of Madhya Pradesh. The Tapti River (original name Tapi River) is a river in central India.

The Satpuras, in the Gawilgarh and Mahadeo Hills, also contain a watershed, which is south facing. The Satpura Range is a range of Hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian Sea coast running east through Gawilghur (also Gawilgarh) was well-fortified mountain stronghold of the Maratha Empire north of the Deccan Plateau in the vicinity of Melghat The Indrawati, the Wainganga, the Wardha, the Pench, the Kanhan and Penganga rivers, discharge an enormous volume of water into the Godavari system. The Indravati River is a Tributary of the Godavari River, located in central India. The Wainganga is a river of India, which originates about 12 Km from Mundara village of Seoni district in the southern slopes of the Satpura Range of The Wardha river is one of the biggest rivers in Vidarbha region in India. This article is about the river Godavari in India. For other uses see Godavari (disambiguation The Godavari ( Marathi language:गोदावरी The Godavari is the lifeline of Andhra Pradesh, but the water which feeds it is a gift of the Central India watershed. The Central India Agency was a political unit of British India, which covered the northern half of present-day Madhya Pradesh state Some of the finest sub-tropical, semi moist forests in India are to be found in the Godavari basin, mainly in the valley of the Indrawati. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of There are very few virgin forests left in the country, but very fine examples of these are to be found in Bastar area along the Indrawati and in the Kanger valley in Chhattisgarh.

The importance of Central India watershed was first noted by Captain Forsyth and remarked upon in his book, "The Highlands of Central India", first published in 1889. This is what he has to state in the introductory chapter to his book, "Yet in the very center of India there exists a considerable region to which the term highlands — is strictly applicable; and in which are enormous peaks and ranges, for which the term mountain would, in any other country, be used. Several of the great rivers of India have their first source in this elevated region. And pour their water into the sea on either side of the peninsula – to the north the Son commingling with the Ganges, to the east the Mahanadi, flowing independently to the Bay of Bengal, to the south some of the principal feeders of the Godavari, and to the west the Narmada and the Tapti taking parallel courses to the Arabian Sea. A peninsula is a piece of land that is nearly surrounded by Water but connected to Mainland via an Isthmus. This is about the river in India, for a river in Vietnam, see Son River (Vietnam The Son River or Sone of central The Ganges (ˈgænʤiːz also Ganga, Devanāgarī: hi गंगा in most Indian languages) is the major river in the Indian subcontinent The Mahanadi rises in the highlands ofChhattisgarh It flows through Orissa to reachthe Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is a bay that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. This article is about the river Godavari in India. For other uses see Godavari (disambiguation The Godavari ( Marathi language:गोदावरी The Narmada नर्मदा Gujarati નર્મદા or Nerbudda (Narbada is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the Indian subcontinent The Tapti River (original name Tapi River) is a river in central India. The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated:

There are many important multi-state irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects. The Godavari River has its catchment area in five states of India: Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh,

Climate

Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of Like most of north India it has a hot dry summer(April-June) followed by monsoon rains (July-September) and a cool and relatively dry winter. Geography Northern India lies mainly on continental India and a very small part of it lies on the Indian peninsula The average rainfall is about 45'. It decreases from east to west. The south-eastern districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 70', while the western and north-western districts receive 30' or less.

Economy

Macro-economic trend

Following is a table showing trend of gross state domestic product of Madhya Pradesh at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.

Year	Gross State Domestic Product
1980	77,880 ^[1]
1985	139,050 ^[1]
1990	304,720 ^[1]
1995	478,410
2000	737,150

^ ^a ^b ^c includes Chattisgarh

Madhya Pradesh's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $32 billion in current prices. After partition, the new Madhya Pradesh state produces about 70% of the output of the old Madhya Pradesh state - the rest is produced by Chattisgarh.

Agriculture

This is a chart of output of major commodities of Madhya Pradesh.

Commodity	National Share
Soybeans	75%
Grams	36%
Oilseeds	25%
Pulses	24%
Food grains	8%

Industry

Only one S&P CNX 500 conglomerate has its corporate office in Madhya Pradesh viz. The lentil or daal or pulse ( Lens culinaris) is a bushy Annual plant of the legume family grown for its lens-shaped Seeds Pulses are annual leguminous crops yielding from one to twelve Grains or Seeds of variable size shape and color within a Pod, according Ruchi Soya Industries (2005 gross income Rs. 49,661 million). Many Agricultural Industries and Engineering Industries.

Minor forest produce

MFP from the forests, such as Tendu leaves used to roll bidi's, Sal seed, teak seed and lak are a major contributor to the rural economy of the state. MFP-PARC (Minor Forest Produce - Processing & Research Centre) is located in the state capital - Bhopal. MFP-PARC [1] is a unit of M P Minor Forest Produce (Trading & Development) Co-operative Federation Limited. "Vindhya Herbals" is the brand of various ayurvedic, herbal & fruit products produced by M P MFP Federation. Apart from MFP-PARC, these products are also produced in Rehti (Sehore District), Barman (Narsinghpur District), Katni, Panna & Dewas in Madhya Pradesh. Some more processing centres are in the pipeline.

Government and politics

Madhya Pradesh has a 230-seat state Legislative Assembly. Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a Legislature, or to one of its chambers. The state also sends 40 members to the Parliament of India: 29 are elected to the Lok Sabha (Lower House) and 11 to the Rajya Sabha (Upper House). The Parliament of India (or Sansad) is the federal and supreme Legislative body of India. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India The Rajya Sabha (meaning the "Council of States" is the Upper house of the Parliament of India.

The dominant political parties in the state are the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. Unlike many of its neighbours, Madhya Pradesh has largely a two-party system with small or regional parties not having had much success in recent elections.

In the November 2003 state elections, the BJP won an absolute majority of 173 seats, defeating the governing Congress who won just 38 seats. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. Other parties in the state legislature include the Samajwadi Party with 7 seats. Samajwadi Party (literally Socialist Party) is a Political party in India.

The current chief minister is Shivraj Singh Chauhan, who succeeded Babulal Gaur and Uma Bharti. Shivraj Singh Chauhan (शिवराज सिंह चौहान (born 5 March, 1959)is the current Chief minister of Madhya Pradesh. Babulal Gaur (born June 2 1930) was a Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, India. Uma Ragini Bharti ( Hindi: उमा भारती (born May 3, 1959, Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh, India) is an Indian Before the BJP won in 2003, the longtime Congress Chief Minister was Digvijay Singh. Digvijay Singh is a senior Congress (I politician in India and has been the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh state for two five-year terms

In the 2004 Indian General Election the BJP swept the state by winning 25 of the 29 seats, while the Congress won the remaining four. Legislative elections were held in India, the world's largest Democracy, in four phases between April 20 and May 10, 2004.

For a historical list of previous chief ministers see List of Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh

Divisions

Districts

Main article: Districts of Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh state is made up of 48 districts, which are grouped into eight divisions: Bhopal, Chambal, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Rewa, Sagar, and Ujjain. Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh See also Madhya Pradesh Chief Ministers of India Districts of Madhya Pradesh number 48 grouped into eight divisions Bhopal Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of central India. Chambal Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Gwalior Division is an administrative subdivision of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Indore Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Jabalpur Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Rewa Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Sagar Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Ujjain Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of India.

Districts: Anuppur, Ashoknagar, Balaghat, Barwani, Betul, Bhind, Bhopal, Burhanpur, Chhatarpur, Chhindwara, Damoh, Datia, Dewas, Dhar, Dindori, Guna, Gwalior, Harda, Hoshangabad, Indore, Jabalpur, Jhabua, Katni, Khandwa, Khargone, Mandla, Mandsaur, Morena, Narsinghpur, Neemuch, Panna, Raisen, Rajgarh, Ratlam, Rewa, Sagar, Satna, Sehore, Seoni, Shahdol, Shajapur, Sheopur, Shivpuri, Sidhi, Tikamgarh, Ujjain, Umaria, Vidisha. Anuppur District is an administrative district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Ashoknagar District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Balaghat District a district of Madhya Pradesh state of central India. Barwani district is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Betul district is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India, and Betul town is the district headquarters Bhind District (Hindi-भिंड is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India of Chambal region Bhopal District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Burhanpur District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Chhatarpur District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of central Indiaand located at 24 Chhindwara district is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India, and Chhindwara town is the district headquarters Damoh District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Datia District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Dewas District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. Dhar District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Dindori District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of central India. Guna is a district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The capital is Guna. Gwalior District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Harda District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of Central India. Hoshangabad District is one of the Districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India, and Hoshangabad town is the district headquarters Indore District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Jabalpur District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Jhabua District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Katni District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Khandwa District, formerly known as East Nimar District, is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Khargone District, formerly known as West Nimar District, is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Mandla District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Mandsaur District is a District of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Morena District is a district of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Narsingpur District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Neemuch District is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. Panna District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Raisen District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Rajgarh District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Ratlam District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. Rewa District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Sagar District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Satna District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Sehore District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Seoni District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Shahdol District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Shajapur District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of Central India. Sheopur District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. Shivpuri District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Sidhi district is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Tikamgarh district is one of the 48 districts of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Ujjain District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. Umaria District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Vidisha District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India

Agro-climatic zones

Madhya Pradesh is divided into following agro-climatic zones:

Kaimur Plateau and Satpura Hills
Vindhyan Plateau (Hills)
Narmada valley
Wainganga valley
Gird (Gwalior) Region
Bundelkhand Region
Satpura Plateau (Hills)
Malwa Plateau
Nimar Plateau
Jhabua Hills

Transport

Madhya Pradesh, being surrounded by land, has both Land and Air transport facilities. Kaimur is an administrative District in the state of Bihar in India. The Satpura Range is a range of Hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian Sea coast running east through The Vindhya Range ( Sanskrit: विन्‍ध्य is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent which geographically The Narmada नर्मदा Gujarati નર્મદા or Nerbudda (Narbada is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the Indian subcontinent The Wainganga is a river of India, which originates about 12 Km from Mundara village of Seoni district in the southern slopes of the Satpura Range of Russian Group of Study of Reactive Motion (in Russian: Группа изучения реактивного движения (ГИРД transliterated GIRD) was a WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India Geography Bundelkhand lies between the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the north and the Vindhya Range to the south The Satpura Range is a range of Hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian Sea coast running east through Nimar is the southwestern region of Madhya Pradesh state in west-central India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jhabua ( Hindi: झाबुआ is a town and a Municipality in Jhabua district in Buses and trains cover most of Madhya Pradesh. Recently State Government has withdrawn the State Road Transport called Rajya Parivahan Nigam. ^[1]Air Transport is at Indore , Bhopal, Jabalpur, Gwalior and Khajuraoo .

Demography

Madhya Pradesh is a medley of races and tribes, castes and communities. The Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES is a standby radio service provided for in Part 97 Castes are Hereditary systems of occupation, Endogamy, social culture, Social class, and Political power. In biological terms a community is a group of interacting Organisms sharing an environment. Madhya Pradesh include primitive aborigines, as well as highly educated modern. They belong mainly to two racial groups. The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets The people of northern area and Narmada Valley are mostly of the Aryan race, while a large portion of tribal people of south and east Madhya Pradesh. The Narmada नर्मदा Gujarati નર્મદા or Nerbudda (Narbada is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the Indian subcontinent Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" According to census of 2000, 91. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population 1% followed Hindu religion while others are Muslim(6. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 40%), Jain(0. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. 9%), Christians(0. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 30%), Buddhists(0. A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the 30%), and Sikhs(0. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. 20%). ^[2] The scheduled castes and scheduled tribes constitute a significant portion of the population of the State. Scheduled Castes ("SC"s and Scheduled Tribes ("ST"s are Indian population groupings that are explicitly recognized by the Constitution of Ādivāsīs (in Devanagari script: आदिवासी literally "original inhabitants" comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population The scheduled castes are 13. 14% while scheduled tribes were 20. 63%. ^[3]

Languages

The predominant language of the region is Hindi. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu is spoken in Burhanpur, the former princely state of Sironj (Tonk), Kurwai and areas with larger Muslim populations. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised In Old Bhopal, a unique style of very polite (Aap janab style of Bhopali Hindi-Urdu mixed language) is spoken.

In addition to standard Hindi, several regional variants are spoken, which are considered by some to be dialects of Hindi, and by others to be distinct but related languages. Among these languages are Malvi in Malwa, Nimadi in Nimar, Bundeli in Bundelkhand, and Bagheli and Avadhi in Bagelkhand and the southeast. Malvi is the language of the Malwa region of India, with more than a million speakers Nimar is the southwestern region of Madhya Pradesh state in west-central India Bundeli (बुन्देली is a Western Hindi language (often considered a dialect of Hindi) spoken in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Geography Bundelkhand lies between the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the north and the Vindhya Range to the south Bagheli is a language of the Baghelkhand region of central India. Awadhi is an Indo-Aryan language. It is spoken chiefly in the Awadh (Oudh region of Uttar Pradesh, although its speakers are also found in Bihar Bagelkhand (or Baghelkhand) is a region in central India, in northeastern Madhya Pradesh state Each of these languages or dialects has dialects of its own. Other languages include Bhilodi (Bhili), Gondi, Korku, and Kalto (Nahali), all spoken by tribal groups. Bhili is a Western Indo-Aryan language spoken in west-central India, in the region east of Ahmedabad. Korku is a little-known Tribe of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra in India. Kalto (also known as Nihali or Nahali) is a Language isolate spoken in west-central India (in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra Due to rule of Marathas, Marathi is spoken by a substantial number of people. The Marāthās ( Marathi: mr मराठा also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu Warriors hailing mostly from the present-day Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India.

Culture

Heritage and architecture

Several cities in Madhya Pradesh are extraordinary for their architecture and or scenic beauty. Three sites in Madhya Pradesh have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO: the Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) including Devi Jagadambi temple, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989) and the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003). A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Khajuraho (खजुराहो is a village in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, located in Chhatarpur District, about 385 miles (620 kilometres Devi Jagadambi temple or Jagadambi temple of a group of about 25 temples at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India. Sanchi is a small Village in Raisen District of India, it is located 46 km north east of Bhopal, and 10 km from Besnagar and The Bhimbetka rock shelters compose an archaeological site and World Heritage Site located in Raisen District in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh Other architecturally significant or scenic sites include Ajaigarh, Amarkantak, Asirgarh,Bawangaja, Bhopal, Chanderi, Chitrakuta, Dhar, Gwalior, Indore, Maheshwar, Mandleshwar, Mandu, Omkareshwar, Orchha, Pachmarhi, Shivpuri, Sonagiri and Ujjain. Ajaigarh, or Adjygurh, is town and a Nagar panchayat in the Panna District of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Amarkantak ( Devanagari: अमरकंटक is a pilgrim town and a Nagar panchayat Asirgarh is an Indian fortress situated in the Satpura Range, about 20 km WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> In the heart of India, stands Madhya Pradesh and in the heart of Madhya Pradesh is Malwa known for its glorious cultural Bhopāl ( Hindi: भोपाल bʰoːpɑːl, Marathi -भोपाळ is a city in central India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chanderi is a town of historical importance in Ashoknagar District of Madhya Pradesh state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chitrakuta ( IAST: Chitrakūta Sanskrit: चित्रकूट (also spelt Chitrakoot WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dhar or the medieval historical town of Dhara Nagari is located in the Malwa region of WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India Indore ( Hindi: इंदौर/इन्दोर, Marathi - इंदूर, the largest city and the commercial capital of the central Indian state of Maheshwar ( Hindi: is a town in Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mandleshwar is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Khargone district in the Indian state of Mandu, or Mandavgarh is a ruined city in the Dhar district in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh state Central India. See Omkareshwar East Nimar for town of the same name Omkareshwar is a Hindu Temple in Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Orchha (or Urchha is a town in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh state India Pachmarhi is a Hill station in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Shivpuri is a city and a Municipality in Shivpuri district in the Indian state Sonagiri is a town in Bhopal, India, in the BHEL township in the city of Bhopal WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ujjain ( Hindi:उज्जैन (also known as Ujain, Ujjayini, Avanti MP being very large geographically, and the history being spread over several millennia, a developing a comprehensive picture of heritage and architecture is a monumental task.

Flora and fauna

Main article: Flora and fauna of Madhya Pradesh

The forests

Forest area

A Bhil tribe in Jhabua forests

Madhya Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources. Madhya Pradesh is often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. You may also be looking for Bheel or Bil Bhils are a tribal people of Central India. Lying between lat. 21°04'N and long. 74°02' and 82°49' E, it is a reservoir of biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variation of Life forms within a given Ecosystem, Biome or for the entire Earth. The geographical area of the state is 308,144 km² which constitutes 9. 38% of the land area of the country. The forest area of the state is 95,221 km² constituting 31% of the geographical area of the state and 12. 44% of the forest area of the country. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest, Protected Forest and Unclassified Forest", which constitute 61. 7%, 37. 4% and 0. 9% of the forest area respectively. Per capita forest area is 2,400 m² as against the national average of 700 m²

Forest composition

Central, eastern and southern parts of the state are rich, whereas northern and western parts are deficient in forest. Variability in climatic and edaphic conditions brings about significant difference in the forest types of the state. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of In ecology edaphic refers to plant communities that are distinguished by Soil conditions rather than by the climate There are four important forest types viz. Tropical Moist, Tropical Dry, Tropical Thorn , Subtropical broadleaved Hill forests. The forest area can also be classified based on the composition of forest and terrain of the area. Based on composition, there are three important forest formations namely Teak forest , Sal forest and Miscellaneous Forests. Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia Bamboo bearing areas are widely distributed in the state. Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily To obviate pressure on the natural forests , plantations have been undertaken in forest and non forest areas to supplement the availability of fuel wood , small timber , fodder etc. Fundamentally a plantation is usually a large Farm or estate, especially in a tropical or semitropical country on which Cotton, Tobacco Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or In Agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any Foodstuff that is used specifically to feed Domesticated Livestock, such as MP lost a good amount of forest recently when Chattisgarh was carved out of it, as that region was the richest reserve of forrests in MP.

Forest growing stock

The total growing stock (volume of timber / wood) is 50,000,000 m³ valued worth Rs 2. 5 lakh Crores.

Natural areas

Bandhavgarh National Park

Madhya Pradesh is home to several National Parks, including Bandhavgarh National Park, Kanha National Park, Satpura National Park, Sanjay National Park, Madhav National Park, Van Vihar National Park, Mandla Plant Fossils National Park, Panna National Park, and Pench National Park, Madhya Pradesh. Bandhavgarh National Park ( Devanagari: बांधवगढ राष्ट्रीय उद्दान is one of the largest national parks in India This is a list of all national parks of India. India 's first National park (an IUCN category II Protected area) was established in 1935 Bandhavgarh National Park ( Devanagari: बांधवगढ राष्ट्रीय उद्दान is one of the largest national parks in India Kanha National Park is a national park and a Tiger Reserve in the Mandla and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh, India. Satpura National Park is located in district Hoshangabad of Madhya Pradesh in India. The Sanjay National Park is located in the Madhya Pradesh state of India. Madhav National Park is situated in Shivpuri District of Gwalior region in northwest Madhya Pradesh, India. Van Vihar National Park is a National park in India located a the heart of Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. Dindori National fossils park Ghughuya is situated in Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh in India. Panna National Park is a National park located in the Chhatarpur area of Madhya Pradesh in India. Pench National Park is situated in Seoni and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh in India.

There are also a number of natural preserves, including Amarkantak, Bagh Caves, Bhedaghat, Bori Natural Reserve, Ken Gharial, Ghatigaon, Kuno Palpur, Narwar, Chambal, Kukdeshwar, Narsinghgarh, Nora Dehi, Pachmarhi, Panpatha, Shikarganj, Patalkot [2]and Tamia. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Amarkantak ( Devanagari: अमरकंटक is a pilgrim town and a Nagar panchayat Bagh Caves are situated at a distance of 97 km from Dhar in Madhya Pradesh, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhedaghat is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Jabalpur district in the state of Madhya WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Narwar is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Shivpuri district in the Indian state Chambal may refer to Chambal Division Chambal River Pachmarhi is a Hill station in Madhya Pradesh state of central India.

Tribals in Madhya Pradesh

Main article: Tribals in Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh is dominated by the Tribal population. Tribals in Madhya Pradesh constitute a sizable population The population of Tribals in Madhya Pradesh is 122 The differences in the tribal community, spread over in various parts of the state, is clearly seen not only on the basis of their heredity, lifestyle and cultural traditions, but also from their social, economic structure, religious beliefs and their language and speech. Due to the different linguistic, cultural and geographical environment, and its peculiar complications, the diverse tribal world of Madhya Pradesh has not only been largely cut-off from the mainstream of development.

The population of Tribals in Madhya Pradesh is 122. 33 lakh constituting 20. 27% of the total population of Madhya Pradesh (603. 85 Lakh), according to the 2001 census. There were 46 recognized Scheduled Tribes and three of them have been identified as "Special Primitive Tribal Groups" in the State. ^[4]

The main tribal groups in Madhya Pradesh are Gond, Bhil, Baiga, Korku, Bhariya, Halba, Kaul, Mariya, and Sahariya. The Gondi (Gōndi are a people in central India. The Gondi or Gond people are spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra You may also be looking for Bheel or Bil Bhils are a tribal people of Central India. Korku is a little-known Tribe of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra in India. Bhadia or Bhariya ( Hindi: भड़िया IAST: Bhaḍiyā is Gotra ( Clan) of Jats found in Churu and Halba (حلبا is the capital of Akkar District in North Governorate, Lebanon, close to the border with Syria. Kaul is a surname found in India and is commonly believed to have originated amongst the people of the Kashmir Valley Saharia is a little-known Tribe in India. The Saharias are found mainly in Morena, Bhind, Gwalior, Datia, Shivpuri Dhar, Jhabua and Mandla districts have more than 50 percent tribal population. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dhar or the medieval historical town of Dhara Nagari is located in the Malwa region of WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jhabua ( Hindi: झाबुआ is a town and a Municipality in Jhabua district in WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mandla ( Hindi:मंडला is a city and a Municipality in Mandla district in In Khargone,Chhindwara, Seoni, Sidhi and Shahdol districts 30 to 50 percent population is of tribes. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khargone is a city and a Municipality in Khargone district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chhindwara (also spelt Chindawara or Chindwara is a city and a Municipality in Chhindwara district Seoni redirects here for a town in Shimla District see Seoni (Himachal Pradesh. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sidhi is a city and a Municipality in Sidhi district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Shahdol is a city and a Municipality in Shahdol district in the Indian state Maximum population is that of Gond tribes. The Gondi (Gōndi are a people in central India. The Gondi or Gond people are spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra

Media

Dainik Bhaskar is the leading Hindi newspaper. Dainik Bhaskar is a Hindi -language daily Newspaper of India. Nai Duniya, Raj Express, Dainik Jagran and Nav Bharat are other prominent Hindi papers. Dainik Jagran is a Hindi daily newspaper It is principally published in Northern India.

various local news paper are published from various cities.

In English, Hindustan Times Bhopal edition leads all other papers. Hindustan Times ( HT) is a leading newspaper in India, published since 1924 with roots in the independence movement Central Chronicle, Pioneer and Free Press have editions from Bhopal. Bhopal is a centre of Urdu journalism also and Nadeem, the oldest newspaper of the state, is published from here. Urdu Action and Haq-o-Insaf are also published. Farz, a Sindhi daily is published from Bhopal is the only Sindhi newspaper in State.

Sports

Cosco Cricket is one of the famous sport in Madhya Pradesh (most famous in sagar Division/District).

Apart from Cosco Cricket, People in Madhya Pradesh also like Football, Basket-Ball, Volley-Ball, Cycling, Swimming, Tracking, Badminton, Table-Tennis.

Below is the list of some traditional games:

1. Gulli Danda. 2. Pittu. 3. Gadha Paddh.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c includes Chattisgarh

External links

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Dictionary

-proper noun

State in central India which has Bhopal as its capital.

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