Macedonian language
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The Macedonian alphabet (Macedonian: Македонска азбука, Makedonska azbuka) is an adaptation of the Cyrillic alphabet used to write the modern Macedonian language. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages.

Like all Cyrillic alphabets, the Macedonian alphabet is principally derived from the Cyrillic alphabet of Saints Cyril and Methodius. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Saints Cyril and Methodius (Κύριλλος και Μεθόδιος Old Church Slavonic: Кѷриллъ и Меѳодїи) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born The Macedonian alphabet was standardized in 1944 by a committee formed in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (then part of the federation of Yugoslavia) after the liberation of Vardar Macedonia (the area of the Republic of Macedonia) from the Nazis in World War II. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Socialist Republic of Macedonia ( Macedonian: Социјалистичка Република Македонија Socijalistička Republika Makedonija) was The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Vardar Macedonia ( Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска Македонија, Vardarska Makedonija Bulgarian: Вардарска The Republic of Macedonia (Република Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The alphabet was similar to, and influenced by, the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, and used the same phonemic principles employed by Vuk Karadžić in his development of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU Vuk Stefanović Karadžić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Вук Стефановић Караџић ( November 7, 1787 - February 7, 1864 The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is It was officially adopted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia on May 16, 1945. League of Communists of Yugoslavia ( Savez komunista Jugoslavije) before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia ( Komunistička partija Jugoslavije) was Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

Prior to the standardization of the Macedonian alphabet, Macedonian had been written using the Cyrillic alphabet with adaptations and/or characters from the Bulgarian, early Cyrillic or Serbian alphabets, depending on the writer. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic Liturgical The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is

Background

Main article: Macedonian language

Macedonian is spoken by approximately 2 million people in the Republic of Macedonia, Greece, Albania, Australia, the United States and Canada. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The Republic of Macedonia (Република Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page It is part of the dialect continuum stretching from Slovenian to Bulgarian, and is closely related to Bulgarian (with which it is mutually intelligible) and to Serbian (with which there is a high degree of mutual intelligibility, especially with the southern dialects, such as Torlakian). A dialect continuum is a range of Dialects spoken across a large geographical area differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close and gradually decreasing Slovene or Slovenian ( slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with Slovenčina) is a South Slavic language Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group In Linguistics, mutual intelligibility is recognized as a relationship between Languages in which speakers of different but related languages can readily understand Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, In Linguistics, mutual intelligibility is recognized as a relationship between Languages in which speakers of different but related languages can readily understand A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Torlak ( Cyrillic: Торлачки говор Торлашки говор Latinic: Torlački govor) or simply Torlakian, is the name used It became the official language of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia in 1944, and was an official language of Yugoslavia until its dissolution in 1991. The Socialist Republic of Macedonia ( Macedonian: Социјалистичка Република Македонија Socijalistička Republika Makedonija) was Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. It is an official language of the Republic of Macedonia, and is used in the liturgy of the Macedonian Orthodox Church. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory The Republic of Macedonia (Република A liturgy is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group according to their particular traditions History Origins After the fall of the First Bulgarian Empire, the Emperor Basil II acknowledged the autocephalous status of the Bulgarian

The Alphabet

The following table provides the upper and lower case forms of the Macedonian alphabet, along with the IPA value for each letter:

In addition to the standard sounds of the letters Ѓ and Ќ above, in some accents these letters represent /dʑ/ and /tɕ/, respectively. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic A (А а is the first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It arose directly from the Greek letter alpha. Ve (В в is the third letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the sound /v/ Ge or He (Г г italics Г, г) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing /g/ or /ɦ/ in different languages De (Д д italics Д д) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / For the Ukrainian alphabet letter Ye (Є є see Ukrainian Ye. Zhe (Ж ж is the letter of Cyrillic alphabet which represents the Voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/ ( listen) similar to the s Ze (З з is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /z/ Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet. I or Y (И и italics И, и) is a letter of almost all ancient and modern Cyrillic alphabets representing typically /i/ (in Old Slavonic Je (Ј ј is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages Ka (К к is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It is derived from the Greek letter kappa (Κ κ El (Л л is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /l/ unless it comes before a palatalizing vowel when it represents /lʲ/ except in Serbian The Cyrillic letter lje (Љ љ was originally a ligature of Л and Ь and represents a palatal lateral /ʎ/ a sound similar (but not equal Em (М м is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing a Bilabial nasal consonant /m/ unless it is before a palatalizing vowel when it represents En (Н н is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It represents the consonant /n/ unless followed by ь or any of the Palatalizing vowels when it represents /nʲ/ The Cyrillic letter Nje (Њ њ is a Ligature of Н and Ь. It is used in Macedonian and Serbian, where it represents O (О о is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /o/ word-initially and after hard consonants Pe (П п (formerly referred to by the mnemonic name pokoy) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /p/ unless followed Er (Р р is the eighteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It was developed from the Greek letter Rho. Es (С с is the eighteenth letter in the Bulgarian the nineteenth letter in the Russian and the twenty-first letter in Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. Te (Т т italics Т, т) is the letter in the Cyrillic alphabet corresponding to T in the Latin alphabet Kje (Ќ ќ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. U (У у is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /u/ after non-palatalized (hard consonants Ef (Ф ф is the twenty-second letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Kha, (Х х is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the Voiceless velar fricative /x/ in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian Tse (Ц ц is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It looks somewhat like U with square corners and a "pig tail" on the bottom right Che or Cha (Ч ч italics Ч ч) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Dzhe (Џ џ is a letter of Vuk Karadžić 's Cyrillic alphabet reform used in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian to represent a Voiced Sha (Ш ш italics Ш ш) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant sound /ʃ/ or /ʂ/ Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / Kje (Ќ ќ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. In Linguistics, an accent is a manner of Pronunciation of a language

Cursive Alphabet

The above table contains the printed form of the Macedonian alphabet; the cursive script is significantly different, and is illustrated below in lower and upper case (letter order and layout below corresponds to table above). For the indie rock band see Cursive (band. Cursive is any style of handwriting that is designed for writing down notes and Lower case (also lower-case or lowercase) minuscule, or small letters are the smaller form of letters as opposed to upper Capital letters or majuscules pronunciation /məˈdʒʌskyuls ˈmædʒəˌskyuls/ in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D,

Specialized Letters

The Macedonian language contains a number of specialized and unique phonemes. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU The committees charged with drafting the Macedonian alphabet decided on a phonetic alphabet, with one letter representing each phoneme. The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU In his 1903 book "On Macedonian Matters", Krste Misirkov argued for the standarization of the Macedonian language (based on the central dialects), and for a phonetic orthography. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръсте/Кръстю/Кръстьо Петков Мисирков Крсте Петков Мисирков (born 18 November, 1874 in Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Phonetics (from the Greek φωνή ( phonê) "sound" or "voice" is the study of the physical sounds of human speech The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific Writing system to write the language Misirkov's book is considered one of the most important foundational works of the modern Macedonian language and nation. Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръсте/Кръстю/Кръстьо Петков Мисирков Крсте Петков Мисирков (born 18 November, 1874 in

Macedonian has two unique phonemes not represented in the Serbian or Bulgarian alphabets (Ѓ and Ќ). The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / Kje (Ќ ќ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language.

Unique Letters

Ѓ and Ќ

Main articles: Ѓ and Ќ

In "On Macedonian Matters", Misirkov used the combinations Г' and К' to represent the phonemes /ɟ/ and /c/, which are unique to Macedonian among the local languages. Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / Kje (Ќ ќ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръсте/Кръстю/Кръстьо Петков Мисирков Крсте Петков Мисирков (born 18 November, 1874 in The voiced palatal plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The voiceless palatal plosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Marko Cepenkov used ГЬ and КЬ. Marko Kostov Cepenkov or Marko Tsepenkov (Марко Костов Цепенков Марко Костов Цепенков (born in Prilep, Ottoman Empire Eventually, Ѓ and Ќ were adopted for the Macedonian alphabet. Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / Kje (Ќ ќ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. Despite their forms, they are collated after Д and Т. De (Д д italics Д д) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Te (Т т italics Т, т) is the letter in the Cyrillic alphabet corresponding to T in the Latin alphabet They are phonemically equivilent to Ђ and Ћ in the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (which are collated in the same positions), and to đ and ć in The Gaj Latin Alphabet used by Croatian. Dje, or Djerv (Ђ ђ is the sixth letter of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian language to represent the sound /ʥ/ a Voiced alveolo-palatal Tshe (Ћ ћ is the 23rd letter in the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is Đ (lowercase đ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from D with the addition of a bar or stroke through the letter The grapheme Ć ( minuscule: ć) formed from C with the addition of an Acute accent, is used in various languages Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring

Ѕ

Main article: Ѕ

The Cyrillic letter Ѕ (IPA value /dz/) is based on Dzělo, the eighth letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet. Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet. The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic Liturgical Although a homoglyph to the Latin alphabet letter S, the two letters are not directly related. In Typography, a homoglyph is one of two or more characters with shapes that are either identical or cannot be differentiated by quick visual inspection S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- Both the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet and the Russian alphabet also had a letter Ѕ, although the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was replaced with a Latin alphabet in the 1860s, and the letter Ѕ was abolished in Russian in the early 1700s. The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was used to write Romanian language before 1860–1862 when it was officially replaced by a Latin-based alphabet, although The modern Russian alphabet is a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet. Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet. The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was used to write Romanian language before 1860–1862 when it was officially replaced by a Latin-based alphabet, although The Romanian alphabet is a modification of the Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters Letters and their pronunciation See also Romanian Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was completed in 1869 Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet.

It should be noted that while Ѕ is generally transcribed as dz, it is a distinct phoneme and is not analogous to ДЗ, which is also used in Macedonian orthography. Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet. The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific Writing system to write the language Ѕ is sometimes transcribed as soft-dz. Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet.

Letters Adopted from Serbian Cyrillic

Ј

Main article: Je (Cyrillic)

Prior to standardization, the IPA phoneme /j/ (represented by Ј in the modern Macedonian alphabet) was represented variously as:

• Й/й (as in Bulgarian and Russian orthographies);
• І/і (used by Misirkov in On Macedonian Matters); or
• Ј/ј (as in Serbian orthography)

Eventually the Serbian Cyrillic Ј was selected to represent /j/. Je (Ј ј is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU Je (Ј ј is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The modern Russian alphabet is a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet. The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific Writing system to write the language I (І і (also called dotted I) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the orthographies of the Belarusian, Kazakh and Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръсте/Кръстю/Кръстьо Петков Мисирков Крсте Петков Мисирков (born 18 November, 1874 in Je (Ј ј is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific Writing system to write the language The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is Je (Ј ј is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages

Љ and Њ

Main articles: Љ and Њ

The letters Љ and Њ (/ʎ/ and /ɲ/) were adopted from the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. The Cyrillic letter lje (Љ љ was originally a ligature of Л and Ь and represents a palatal lateral /ʎ/ a sound similar (but not equal Ka (К к is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It is derived from the Greek letter kappa (Κ κ The Cyrillic letter lje (Љ љ was originally a ligature of Л and Ь and represents a palatal lateral /ʎ/ a sound similar (but not equal The Cyrillic letter Nje (Њ њ is a Ligature of Н and Ь. It is used in Macedonian and Serbian, where it represents The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is Misirkov used Л' and Н' in On Macedonian Matters. Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръсте/Кръстю/Кръстьо Петков Мисирков Крсте Петков Мисирков (born 18 November, 1874 in Some earlier texts used ЛЬ and НЬ.

Џ

Main article: Џ

The letter Џ (representing the phoneme /dʒ/) was adopted from the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. Dzhe (Џ џ is a letter of Vuk Karadžić 's Cyrillic alphabet reform used in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian to represent a Voiced Dzhe (Џ џ is a letter of Vuk Karadžić 's Cyrillic alphabet reform used in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian to represent a Voiced The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is Misirkov used the digraph ДЖ (as in Bulgarian) where Џ is used today. Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръсте/Кръстю/Кръстьо Петков Мисирков Крсте Петков Мисирков (born 18 November, 1874 in Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The letter Џ was introduced to Serbian in the 17th century from the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet. Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was used to write Romanian language before 1860–1862 when it was officially replaced by a Latin-based alphabet, although ^[1]

Accented Letters

The accented letters È, Ѝ and Ô are not regarded as separate letters, nor are they accented letters (as in French, for example). Ye with grave ( Majuscule: Ѐ, minuscule: ѐ) is a Cyrillic character representing a stressed variant of regular letter е. I with grave ( Majuscule: Ѝ, minuscule: ѝ) is a character representing a stressed variant of regular letter ‹и› in some variants of the French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Rather, they are the standard letters Е, И and О topped with an accent when they stand in words that have homographs, so as to differentiate between them (for example, "сè се фаќа" - se se fakja, "all may be touched"). For the Ukrainian alphabet letter Ye (Є є see Ukrainian Ye. I or Y (И и italics И, и) is a letter of almost all ancient and modern Cyrillic alphabets representing typically /i/ (in Old Slavonic O (О о is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /o/ word-initially and after hard consonants A homograph is one of a group of words that share the same spelling but have different meanings

Development of the Macedonian alphabet

Until the modern era, Macedonian was predominantly a spoken language, with no standardized written form of the vernacular dialects. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Vernacular refers to the Native language of a country or a locality A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Formal written communication was usually in the Church Slavonic language^[2] (in Pirin and Vardar Macedonia) or in Greek (in Greek Macedonia)^[3], which were the languages of liturgy, and were therefore considered the 'formal languages'. Church Slavonic (also Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian) is the Liturgical language of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox Blagoevgrad Province (област Благоевград oblast Blagoevgrad or Благоевградска област Blagoevgradska oblast) also known Vardar Macedonia ( Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска Македонија, Vardarska Makedonija Bulgarian: Вардарска Macedonia ( Μακεδονία, Makedonía,) is a geographical and historical region of Greece in southeastern Europe A liturgy is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group according to their particular traditions ^[4]

The decline of the Ottoman Empire from the mid-19th century coincided with Slavic resistance to the use of Greek in Orthodox churches and schools^[5], and a resistance amongst many Macedonians to the introduction of standard Bulgarian in Vardar Macedonia^[6]. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to The Eastern Orthodox Church: the Eastern Christian churches of Byzantine The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Vardar Macedonia ( Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска Македонија, Vardarska Makedonija Bulgarian: Вардарска The latter half of the 19th century saw increasing literacy and political activity amongst speakers of Macedonian dialects, and an increasing number of documents were written in the dialects. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar At the time, transcriptions of Macedonian used the Cyrillic alphabet, with adaptations drawing from Old Church Slavonic, Serbian and Bulgarian, depending on the preference of the writer. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic Liturgical The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group

Early attempts to formalize written Macedonian included Krste Misirkov's book "On Macedonian Matters" (1903). Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръсте/Кръстю/Кръстьо Петков Мисирков Крсте Петков Мисирков (born 18 November, 1874 in Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Misirkov used the Cyrillic alphabet with several adaptations for Macedonian:

• i (where Ј is used today);
• л' (where Љ is used today);
• н' (where Њ is used today);
• г' (where Ѓ is used today);
• к' (where Ќ is used today); and
• ѕ (as used today). Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръсте/Кръстю/Кръстьо Петков Мисирков Крсте Петков Мисирков (born 18 November, 1874 in The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Je (Ј ј is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages The Cyrillic letter lje (Љ љ was originally a ligature of Л and Ь and represents a palatal lateral /ʎ/ a sound similar (but not equal The Cyrillic letter Nje (Њ њ is a Ligature of Н and Ь. It is used in Macedonian and Serbian, where it represents Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / Kje (Ќ ќ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language.

Between the expulsion of the Ottoman Empire from Vardar Macedonia in the Balkan Wars of 1912/13, and the liberation of Vardar Macedonia from the Nazis in 1944, Vardar Macedonia was divided between Serbia (within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and Bulgaria, and Serbian and Bulgarian were the official languages. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Vardar Macedonia ( Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска Македонија, Vardarska Makedonija Bulgarian: Вардарска The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League ( Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Vardar Macedonia ( Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска Македонија, Vardarska Makedonija Bulgarian: Вардарска Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Vardar Macedonia ( Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска Македонија, Vardarska Makedonija Bulgarian: Вардарска Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The Serbian and Bulgarian authorities considered Macedonian to be a dialect of Serbian or Bulgarian respectively, and proscribed its use^{[7][8][9][10]} (see also History of the Macedonian language). Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The standard Macedonian language can be said to have been codified in August 1944 when a provisional government run by the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Greek was used in areas under Greek control. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία

Standardization of the Macedonian Alphabet

With the liberation of Vardar Macedonia from the Nazis in 1944 and the incorporation of the territory into the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, the Yugoslav authorities recognized a distinct Macedonian ethnic identity and language. Vardar Macedonia ( Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска Македонија, Vardarska Makedonija Bulgarian: Вардарска Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Socialist Republic of Macedonia ( Macedonian: Социјалистичка Република Македонија Socijalistička Republika Makedonija) was The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people The Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM, effectively the Macedonian provisional government) formed a committee to standardize the literary Macedonian language and alphabet. Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia ( Macedonian: Антифашистичко Собрание на Народното Ослободување на A literary language is a register of a Language that is used in Literary Writing.

ASNOM rejected the first committee's recommendations, and formed a second committee, whose recommendations were accepted. Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia ( Macedonian: Антифашистичко Собрание на Народното Ослободување на The (second) committees' recommendations were strongly influenced by the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (28 of the Macedonian alphabet's 31 letters are common to both Macedonian and Serbian, the letters unique to Macedonian being Ѓ, Ѕ, and Ќ), and by the works of Krste Misirkov. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet. Kje (Ќ ќ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръсте/Кръстю/Кръстьо Петков Мисирков Крсте Петков Мисирков (born 18 November, 1874 in

Committee Controversy

See also: Political views on the Macedonian language

The extent (if any) to which Yugoslav politics overshadowed linguistics in the decisions behind the standardization of the Macedonian language and alphabet will never be fully known. The existence and distinctiveness of the Macedonian language is disputed among the politicians linguists and common people from Republic of Macedonia and neighboring The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages.

It is widely assumed by many commentators that there was some political pressure exerted by Yugoslav authorities to ensure that the Macedonian literary language and alphabet were sufficiently dissimilar to Bulgarian to deflect Bulgarian nationalist claims to the Macedonian language and ethnicity. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. A literary language is a register of a Language that is used in Literary Writing. Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people

There were also pragmatic pressures to adopt an alphabet similar to the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, which was already an official alphabet of Yugoslavia. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija

The First Committee

The first committee meeting, November 1944. From left to right: Vasil Iljoski, Hristo Zografov, Krum Tošev, Dare Džambaz, Venko Markovski, Mirko Pavlovski, Mihail Petruševski, Risto Prodanov, Georgi Kiselinov, Georgi Šoptrajanov, Jovan Kostovski. Vasil Iljoski (Васил Иљоски ( Kruševo, 20 December 1902 - Skopje, 1 November[[ 995]] was an important figure in the Macedonian Venko Markovski ( Cyrillic: Венко Марковски ( March 3 1915, Skopje — January 7 1988, Sofia Mihail Petruševski (born July 2, 1911, Bitola, died February 27, 1990) ( Михаил Петрушевски, also "Михајло

The first committee met from November 27, 1944 to December 4, 1944, and was composed of prominent Macedonian academics and writers (see list below). Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The committee chose the dialects of Veles, Prilep and Bitola as the basis for the literary language (as Misirkov had in 1903), and proposed a Cyrillic alphabet. Veles (Велес) is a city in the center of the Republic of Macedonia on the Vardar river Prilep (Прилеп) is a city of 66246 citizens in the Republic of Macedonia and the fourth largest city in the country Bitola (Битола; known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. A literary language is a register of a Language that is used in Literary Writing. Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръсте/Кръстю/Кръстьо Петков Мисирков Крсте Петков Мисирков (born 18 November, 1874 in Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The first committee's recommendation was for the alphabet to use

• the Serbian Ј and Џ;
• the Old Church Slavonic Ѕ;
• the Bulgarian (and Old Church Slavonic) Ъ (schwa); and
• Venko Markovski's versions of Љ, Њ, Ќ and Ѓ (which contained a small circle in the bottom-right of Л, Н and К, and a small circle in the top-right of Г)^[11]. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is Je (Ј ј is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages Dzhe (Џ џ is a letter of Vuk Karadžić 's Cyrillic alphabet reform used in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian to represent a Voiced The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic Liturgical Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet. Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic Liturgical The letter Yer or Jer ( Ъ, ъ) of the Cyrillic alphabet is known as the hard sign (твёрдый знак znak in the modern In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral Venko Markovski ( Cyrillic: Венко Марковски ( March 3 1915, Skopje — January 7 1988, Sofia El (Л л is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /l/ unless it comes before a palatalizing vowel when it represents /lʲ/ except in Serbian En (Н н is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It represents the consonant /n/ unless followed by ь or any of the Palatalizing vowels when it represents /nʲ/ Ka (К к is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It is derived from the Greek letter kappa (Κ κ Ge or He (Г г italics Г, г) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing /g/ or /ɦ/ in different languages

ASNOM rejected the first committee's recommendations, and convened a second committee. Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia ( Macedonian: Антифашистичко Собрание на Народното Ослободување на Although no official reason was provided, several reasons are supposed for the rejection of the first committee's recommendation, including internal disagreement over the inclusion of Ъ (the schwa, as used in Bulgarian), and the view that its inclusion made the alphabet "too close" to the Bulgarian alphabet. The letter Yer or Jer ( Ъ, ъ) of the Cyrillic alphabet is known as the hard sign (твёрдый знак znak in the modern In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The true reasons for the rejection of the committee's recommendations may never be known.

While some Macedonian dialects contain a phonemic schwa and used a Bulgarian-style Ъ, the western dialects -- on which the literary language is based -- do not. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The letter Yer or Jer ( Ъ, ъ) of the Cyrillic alphabet is known as the hard sign (твёрдый знак znak in the modern A literary language is a register of a Language that is used in Literary Writing. Blaže Koneski objected to the inclusion of the schwa on the basis that since there was no schwa in the literary language, there was no need for it to be represented in the alphabet. Blaže Koneski (Блаже Конески ( December 19, 1921 – December 7, 1993) (born in Nebregovo, near Prilep, In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral A literary language is a register of a Language that is used in Literary Writing. By excluding it from the alphabet, speakers of schwa-dialects would more rapidly adapt to the standard dialect^[12]. In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of

The Second Committee and Adoption

Official government decree enacting the Macedonian alphabet in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, May 16, 1945. The Socialist Republic of Macedonia ( Macedonian: Социјалистичка Република Македонија Socijalistička Republika Makedonija) was Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Note the hand-written Ѕ, Ј and Џ in the typewritten line, and the hand-written diacritics added to create Ѓ and Ќ. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation

With the rejection of the first committee's draft alphabet, ASNOM convened a new committee with five members from the first committee and five new members. Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia ( Macedonian: Антифашистичко Собрание на Народното Ослободување на On May 3, 1945, the second committee presented its recommendations, which were accepted by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia that same day, and published in Nova Makedonija, the official newspaper. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar League of Communists of Yugoslavia ( Savez komunista Jugoslavije) before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia ( Komunistička partija Jugoslavije) was

The committee's recommendations were:

• acceptance of Serbian Ј and Џ;
• acceptance of Old Church Slavonic Ѕ;
• adoption of Serbian Љ and Њ, which were similar in appearance to Markovski's proposed letters;
• creation and adoption of Ќ and Ѓ (over Markovski's proposed letter forms); and
• rejection of Old Church Slavonic and Bulgarian Ъ (schwa), on the basis that the literary Macedonian language did not have a schwa. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is Je (Ј ј is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages Dzhe (Џ џ is a letter of Vuk Karadžić 's Cyrillic alphabet reform used in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian to represent a Voiced The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic Liturgical Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is The Cyrillic letter lje (Љ љ was originally a ligature of Л and Ь and represents a palatal lateral /ʎ/ a sound similar (but not equal The Cyrillic letter Nje (Њ њ is a Ligature of Н and Ь. It is used in Macedonian and Serbian, where it represents Venko Markovski ( Cyrillic: Венко Марковски ( March 3 1915, Skopje — January 7 1988, Sofia Kje (Ќ ќ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / Venko Markovski ( Cyrillic: Венко Марковски ( March 3 1915, Skopje — January 7 1988, Sofia The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic Liturgical Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The letter Yer or Jer ( Ъ, ъ) of the Cyrillic alphabet is known as the hard sign (твёрдый знак znak in the modern In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral

The rejection of the schwa (Ъ), together with the adoption of four Serbian Cyrillic letters (Ј, Џ, Љ and Њ), led to accusations that the committee was "Serbianizing" Macedonian, while those in favor of including the schwa (Ъ) were accused of "Bulgarianizing" Macedonian. In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral The letter Yer or Jer ( Ъ, ъ) of the Cyrillic alphabet is known as the hard sign (твёрдый знак znak in the modern The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is Je (Ј ј is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages Dzhe (Џ џ is a letter of Vuk Karadžić 's Cyrillic alphabet reform used in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian to represent a Voiced The Cyrillic letter lje (Љ љ was originally a ligature of Л and Ь and represents a palatal lateral /ʎ/ a sound similar (but not equal The Cyrillic letter Nje (Њ њ is a Ligature of Н and Ь. It is used in Macedonian and Serbian, where it represents Serbianisation ( serbianization, serbization) (србизација srbizacija, сърбизация посръбчване is a term used to describe In Linguistics, specifically Phonetics and Phonology, schwa can mean the following An unstressed and toneless neutral The letter Yer or Jer ( Ъ, ъ) of the Cyrillic alphabet is known as the hard sign (твёрдый знак znak in the modern Irrespective, the new alphabet was officially adopted in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on May 16, 1945, and is still used in the Republic of Macedonia and among Macedonian communities around the world. The Socialist Republic of Macedonia ( Macedonian: Социјалистичка Република Македонија Socijalistička Republika Makedonija) was Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Republic of Macedonia (Република The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people

Committee Members

See also

• Macedonian language
• Political views on the Macedonian language
• Serbian Cyrillic alphabet
• Cyrillic alphabet
• Transliteration of Macedonian
• Scientific transliteration of Slavic languages
• Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia

External links

• Omniglot - Macedonian Alphabet
• Hear the sounds of the Macedonian letters

References

• Стојан Киселиновски "Кодификација на македонскиот литературен јазик", Дневник, 1339, сабота, 18 март 2006. Vasil Iljoski (Васил Иљоски ( Kruševo, 20 December 1902 - Skopje, 1 November[[ 995]] was an important figure in the Macedonian Blaže Koneski (Блаже Конески ( December 19, 1921 – December 7, 1993) (born in Nebregovo, near Prilep, Venko Markovski ( Cyrillic: Венко Марковски ( March 3 1915, Skopje — January 7 1988, Sofia Vasil Iljoski (Васил Иљоски ( Kruševo, 20 December 1902 - Skopje, 1 November[[ 995]] was an important figure in the Macedonian Blaže Koneski (Блаже Конески ( December 19, 1921 – December 7, 1993) (born in Nebregovo, near Prilep, Venko Markovski ( Cyrillic: Венко Марковски ( March 3 1915, Skopje — January 7 1988, Sofia Mihail Petruševski (born July 2, 1911, Bitola, died February 27, 1990) ( Михаил Петрушевски, also "Михајло Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The existence and distinctiveness of the Macedonian language is disputed among the politicians linguists and common people from Republic of Macedonia and neighboring The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The Romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in the Macedonian language from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Scientific transliteration, also called the International Scholarly System, is a system for Transliteration of text from the Cyrillic to the Latin Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia ( Macedonian: Антифашистичко Собрание на Народното Ослободување на (Macedonian)

Footnotes

1. ^ Петар Ђорђић, "Историја српске ћирилице", Београд, 1970, p. 203 (Serbian)
2. ^ The Macedonian Language in the Balkan Language Environment
3. ^ The Macedonian Language in the Balkan Language Environment
4. ^ Prior to the autocephaly of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in 1872, Old Church Slavonic and Greek were the liturgical languages of Orthodox Christians in Macedonia, and therefore had higher status than the local dialects (see diglossia). Autocephaly, in Hierarchical Christian churches and especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches is the status of a hierarchical church whose The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква Bălgarska pravoslavna cărkva) is an Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year to make sure old Cyrillic letters are displayed properly (For example instead of just Ѣ write Ѣ Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly A sacred language, or liturgical language, is a Language that is cultivated for religious reasons by people who speak another language in their daily life The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Macedonia is a Geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century In Linguistics, diglossia is a situation where in a given society there are two (often closely-related languages one of high prestige, which is generally used
5. ^ "The first philological conference of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences", Victor A. Friedman (1993), pages 162
6. ^ "The first philological conference of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences", Victor A. Friedman (1993), pages 162-3
7. ^ "Language Policy and Language Behavior in Macedonia: Background and Current Events", Victor A Friedman, in "Language Contact - Language Conflict", edited Eran Fraenkel and Christina Kramer, Balkan Studies, Vol 1. , p76.
8. ^ "The Sociolinguistics of literary Macedonian", Victor A Friedman, in the International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1985, Vol. 52, p49.
9. ^ "The first philological conference for the establishment of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences", Victor A Friedman, in "The Earliest Stages of Language Planning", edited by Joshua A Fishman, 1993, p163.
10. ^ "Language Planning in Macedonia and Kosovo", Victor A Friedman, in "Language in the Former Yugoslav Lands", edited by Ranko Bugarski and Celia Hawkesworth (2004), p201.
11. ^ "The first philological conference of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences", Victor A. Friedman (1993), p169.
12. ^ "The first philological conference of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences", Victor A. Friedman (1993), p171.
13. ^ "The first philological conference of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences", Victor A. Friedman (1993), pages 166, 170.