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Ma Zhou (馬周) (601-648), courtesy name Binwang (賓王), was a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Peter (Byzantine General defeats the Eurasian Avars. Events By Topic Religion Pope Theodore I excommunicates Patriarch Paul II of Constantinople A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name ( zì) is a given name to be used later in life The chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (唐朝宰相 was an office that was semi-formally designated for a number of high level officials at one time during the Chinese Emperor Taizong of Tang ( January 23, 599 &ndash July 10 649) personal name Lǐ Shìmín ( was the second emperor of the He was initially a commoner and a guest of the general Chang He (常何), and after Chang submitted suggestions that Ma drafted, Emperor Taizong was impressed and retained Ma as an imperial official, eventually rising to the post of chancellor.

Background and discovery by Emperor Taizong

Ma Zhou was born in 601, during the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Peter (Byzantine General defeats the Eurasian Avars. Background Yang Jian's clan was from Hongnong Commandery (弘農 roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan) He appeared to have been born from a relatively poor household in Qinghe Commandery (清河, roughly modern Xingtai, Hebei) and lost his father early in life. Xingtai ( is a Prefecture-level city in southern Hebei province China. ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. He was studious, particularly concentrating on the Shi Jing and the Spring and Autumn Annals, but was also carefree, not paying attention to details, and because of this, the people of his home region did not view him highly. Shi Jing ( translated variously as the Classic of Poetry, the Book of Songs or the Book of Odes, is the earliest The Spring and Autumn Annals ( is the official chronicle of the State of Lu covering the period from 722 BCE to 481 BCE. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Tang, he served as a teacher in Bo Prefecture (博州, i. Background and early career Li Yuan's seventh-generation ancestor was Li Gao, the founder of the Sixteen Kingdoms state Western Liang. e. , Qinghe), but was said to spend his days drinking, not concentrating on teaching the students, and was often rebuked by the prefect Daxi Shu (達奚恕). He thus resigned and went to travel in the region of Cao (曹州, roughly modern Heze, Shandong) and Bian (汴州, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) Prefectures. This article is about a Chinese city a star in Virgo constellation also has a name of Heze see Zeta Virginis Administration The ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. Kaifeng ( formerly known as Bianliang ( Bianjing ( Daliang ( or simply Liang ( is a Prefecture-level city in eastern Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country While there, however, on one occasion he was insulted by Cui Xianshou (崔賢首), the county magistrate for Junyi County (浚儀, in modern Kaifeng), and in anger, he travelled to the capital Chang'an. Chang'an ( is an ancient Capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history. Once there, he became a guest of the general Chang He.

In 629, Emperor Gaozu's son and successor Emperor Taizong ordered his officials to submit suggestions for him. Events By Place Persian and Byzantine Empires September - Jerusalem is reconquered by the Byzantine Empire from Emperor Taizong of Tang ( January 23, 599 &ndash July 10 649) personal name Lǐ Shìmín ( was the second emperor of the As Chang was unacquainted with historical writings, Ma drafted some 20 suggestions for him. When Emperor Taizong read the suggestions that Chang submitted, he was impressed, but he knew that Chang was not wel-studied, he summoned Chang to ask him how he came up with the suggestions. Chang told Emperor Taizong that he did not write the suggestions and that Ma did. He also told Emperor Taizong that whenever he conversed with Ma, Ma was always concerned about faithfulness and filial piety. Emperor Taizong sent messengers to summon Ma into his presence, and once they conversed, he was impressed by Ma and, while initially not giving him an official position, had him serve at the examination bureau of the government (門下省, Menxia Sheng). in 632, he officially made Ma a governmental auditor. Events By Place Europe Khan Kubrat starts to rule in Great Bulgaria. He awarded Chang with silk for having discovered Ma.

Service under Emperor Taizong

In 632, Ma Zhou submitted a petition to Emperor Taizong that was later included in its entirety in the Book of Tang for its importance,[1] which made several suggestions to Emperor Taizong:

Emperor Taizong was impressed by Ma's suggestions and promoted him.

In 637, Ma submitted another petition considered important enough to be included in its entirety in the Book of Tang. Events By Place Europe Battle of Mag Rath Dál Riata influence in Ulster is greatly reduced or ended [1] He noted that at the time, even though Emperor Taizong had reigned for over a decade, the empire was still, overall, a fraction of the strength of Sui at its prime, in terms of population and wealth. He pointed out that the population was therefore ill equipped to deal with the construction projects that Emperor Taizong was then carrying out for his own palaces and for mansions for his sons and daughters. He advocated frugality, and further pointed out that Emperor Taizong's favors for his sons were creating competition between them, which was not good for the long term, either for his sons or for their descendants. Emperor Taizong praised Ma for his suggestions. Also based on Ma's suggestions, the institution of Chang'an city criers (who would call out at both dawn and dusk) and replaced with drums, greatly reducing the amount of labor necessary.

In 638, Ma was made a mid-level official at the legislative bureau (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng). Events By Place Asia The Muslims capture Jerusalem, Antioch, Caesarea Maritima and Akko Ma was praised for his alertness and logical thinking, and Emperor Taizong once stated, "If I did not see Ma Zhou for a while, I would always miss him. " The chancellor Cen Wenben also stated, "When Mr. Cen Wenben (岑文本 ( 595 - May 10, 645) Courtesy name Jingren (景仁 formally Viscount Xian of Jiangling (江陵憲子 Ma analyzes matters, he took examples from both history and current events. He deletes what is not necessary, and then analyzes thoroughly. Nothing should be added and nothing should be taken away from what he writes. His words are well-written, and one will not get tired of them. " In 641, Ma was given three different posts -- assistant auditor, imperial advisor, and secretary to Emperor Taizong's son Li Zhi the Prince of Jin. Events By Place Europe Chindaswinth deposes Tulga, and becomes king of the Visigoths. Background and life as Prince of Jin Li Zhi was born in 628 He was the ninth son of his father Emperor Taizong, and the third son of his mother Emperor Taizong's wife After Li Zhi replaced his older brother Li Chengqian as crown prince, Ma was made an advisor to the new crown prince as well as deputy head of the legislative bureau. Li Chéngqián (李承乾 (619?- January 5, 645) Courtesy name Gaoming (高明 formally Prince Min of Hengshan (恆山愍王 Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship.

In 644, when Emperor Taizong, at an imperial gathering, stated to his key officials their strengths and weaknesses, he spoke, with regard to Ma:

Ma Zhou has quick reactions and is faithful and honest. Events By Place Asia The Tang dynasty of China begins the invasion of Goguryo. When he evaluated others, he did so truthfully, and whatever task I give him, he usually performed it to my great satisfaction.

Later that year, Ma was made the acting head of the legislative bureau -- a position considered one for a chancellor. In 645, when Emperor Taizong attacked Goguryeo, he left Li Zhi in charge of logistics at Ding Prefecture (定州, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei), assisted by Gao Shilian, Liu Ji, and Ma. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Byzantines recapture Alexandria from the Arabs Asia Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and Baoding ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province China. ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Gao Shilian (高士廉 ( 576 - February 14, 647) formal name Gao Jian (高儉 but went by the Courtesy name of Shilian formally Liu Ji (劉洎 (d January 18, 646) Courtesy name Sidao (思道 was a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Once Emperor Taizong returned from the Goguryeo campaign, he gave Ma the additional post as minister of civil service affairs.

Ma was said to suffer from chronic diabetes, and when Emperor Taizong built his summer palace Cuiwei Palace (翠微宮, in the Qinling Mountains), he looked for a place near the palace to construct a summer mansion for Ma. Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc The Qinling Mountains ( are a major Mountain range located mainly in the Eastern province of Shaanxi, in China. He also had the imperial physicans attend to Ma and often supplied Ma with imperial meals. As Ma's illness grew worse, Emperor Taizong personally attended to Ma's medicinal needs, while sending Li Zhi to greet him. As Ma grew gravely ill, he asked his family to bring him the copies of the petitions he had submitted to Emperor Taizong, and he personally burned them, stating, "Guan Zhong and Yan Ying [(晏嬰)] [both great chancellors of the Spring and Autumn Period] publicly showed their lords' faults to become famous for posterity. Guan Zhong (Chinese 管仲 Wade-Giles Kuan Chung (born 725 BC died in 645 BC was a Chinese politician in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Spring and Autumn Period ( was a period in Chinese history which roughly corresponds to the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty (from the second half of the 8th century BC That is something I will not do. " He died in 648 and was buried near the tomb of Emperor Taizong's wife Empress Zhangsun, where Emperor Taizong himself would eventually be buried. Events By Topic Religion Pope Theodore I excommunicates Patriarch Paul II of Constantinople Empress Zhangsun (長孫皇后 personal name unknown ( 601 - July 28, 636) formally Empress Wendeshunsheng (文德順聖皇后 literally "the After Emperor Taizong died in 649 and Li Zhi succeeded him (as Emperor Gaozong), Ma was posthumously created the Duke of Gaotang. Events By Place Europe Reccaswinth succeeds his father Chindaswinth as king of the Visigoths. Later, after Emperor Gaozong's own death in 683, during the time when Emperor Gaozong's son Emperor Ruizong was emperor under the regency of his mother Empress Dowager Wu, Ma was worshipped at Emperor Gaozong's temple. 683 is a prime number Events By Place Americas The reign of Pacal the Great, ruler of Maya state of Palenque Background Li Xulun was born in 662 as the youngest son of Emperor Gaozong and his second wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian Wu Zetian ( (625 – December 16, 705 In 705 she was overthrown in a coup and Emperor Zhongzong was returned to the throne

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b Book of Tang, vol. The Book of Tang ( or the Old Book of Tang (舊唐書/旧唐书 is the first classic work about the Tang Dynasty. 74[1].
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