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Ma'ale Adumim

A view of Ma'ale Adumim

Ma'ale Adumim's Emblem
Hebrew מעלה אדומים
Arabic معلي أدوميم
Name meaning Red Ascent
Founded in 1976
Government City (from 1991)
Also spelled Ma'ale Adummim (officially)

Maale Adumim (unofficially)
District Judea and Samaria Area
Population 31,700 (2006)
Jurisdiction 50,000 dunams (50 km²)
Mayor Benny Kashriel

Ma'ale Adumim (Hebrew: מעלה אדומים‎) is an Israeli Settlement and city located east of Jerusalem in the West Bank and on the edge of the Judean desert. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The following list of Israeli cities is based on the current index of the There are six main administrative districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (מחוזות singular mahoz) and fifteen This article refers to a District of Israel called Judea and Samaria A dunam or dönüm, dunum, donum is a unit of Area used in the Ottoman Empire and still used in various standardized versions Israeli settlements are communities inhabited by Israelis in territory that was captured as a result of Jordanian attacks during the 1967 Six-Day War. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria Judea or Judæa ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised It is located within the boundaries of the Gush Etzion Regional Council, but has had its own mayor and municipality independent of the council's jurisdiction since achieving city status in 1991. The Gush Etzion Regional Council (מועצה אזורית גוש עציון is a regional council in the northern A City council (עירייה Iriya) is the official designation of a city within Israel's system of local government.

Contents

History

Ma'ale Adumim was built on land that was classified as "miri," or state-owned, under Ottoman and Jordanian rule. The West Bank and East Jerusalem were occupied by Jordan (formerly Transjordan) for a period of nearly two decades (1948&ndash1967 starting [1] Established in 1976 on territory captured in the 1967 Six-Day War, it is considered an Israeli settlement. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt Israeli settlements are communities inhabited by Israelis in territory that was captured as a result of Jordanian attacks during the 1967 Six-Day War. It was built as a planned community and suburban commuter town to nearby Jerusalem, to which many residents commute daily. A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential from which most of the Workforce commute out to earn their livelihood According to Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) figures, the city had a total population of 31,700 in 2006,[2] making it the second largest Israeli city in the West Bank after Modi'in Illit. The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה HaLishka HaMerkazit LeStatistika) abbreviated CBS, is an Israeli Modi'in Illit (מודיעין עילית lit Upper Modi'in) is an Israeli settlement and City in the foothills of the Judean Mountains, midway [3] The mayor of Ma'ale Adumim is Benny Kashriel, recently elected to a third term by a large majority.

The first 23 families moved into Ma'ale Adumim on the seventh night of Hanukkah, 1975, although the town was recognized officially only in 1976. Hanukkah (חנוכה alt Chanukah) also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the The chief urban planner was architect Rachel Walden. Rachel Walden is an Israeli architect and city planner She has planned Israeli settlements including the 1992 settlement Tzoran. It achieved local council status in March 1979. Local councils (מועצה מקומית moetza mekomit) are one of the three types of Local government found in Israel, with the other two being [4] The city is located along Highway 1, which connects it to Jerusalem as a freeway and the Tel Aviv area. Highway 1 (כביש 1 is the main highway connecting Tel Aviv with Jerusalem. Gush Dan (גּוּשׁ דָּן is a Metropolitan area including areas from both the Tel Aviv and the Central Districts of Israel. The urban plan for Ma'ale Adumim, finalized in 1983, encompasses a total of 35 square kilometers, of which 3. 7 square kilometers have been built so far, in a bloc that includes Ma'ale Adumim, Mishor Adumim, Kfar Adumim, and Allon. [5]

Etymology

Ma'ale Adumim is mentioned in the Joshua 15:7: The boundary [of the tribe of Judah] ascended from the Valley of Achor to Debir and turned north to Gilgal, facing the Ascent of Adumim which is south of the wadi. The Book of Joshua ( Hebrew: Sefer Y'hoshua ספר יהושע is the sixth book in both the Hebrew Tanakh and the Old Testament of the Christian Achor - meaning trouble in Hebrew, is the name of a Valley in the vicinity of Jericho. A Biblical name Debir may refer to The most inner and sacred part of Solomon's Temple, most commonly known as "Sanctum Sanctorum" see This article is about the Biblical place For the kibbutz and Israeli settlement see Gilgal Bik'at HaYarden. Literally "Red Heights", it takes its name from the red rock lining the ascent from the Dead Sea[6] and the historic people known as the Edomites. The Dead Sea (יָם הַ‏‏מֶ‏ּ‏לַ‏ח, "Sea of Salt"البَحْر المَيّت, "Dead Sea" is a salt lake between

Demographics

In 2005, the population of Ma'ale Adumim was 33,259. [7] According to CBS figures for 2001, Ma'ale Adumim was 99. 8% Jewish. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ That year, there were 12,700 males and 13,000 females, with 44. 1% of the population 19 years of age or younger, 14. 2% between 20 and 29, 23. 1% between 30 and 44, 12. 6% from 45 to 59, 2. 1% from 60 to 64, and 3. 9% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2001 was 3. 3%. The completion of a new neighborhood, temporarily known as 07, will add approximately 15,000 residents. The population is expected to reach 45,000 in the next few years.

Income

According to the CBS, as of 2000, there were 9,965 salaried workers and 660 self-employed. The mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city is NIS 6,337, a real change of 8. The Israeli New Sheqel ( ( sign: ₪; code: ILS) (also spelled unofficially shekel; pl 9% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of NIS 8,153 (a real change of 9. 0%) versus NIS 4,615 for females (a real change of 6. 3%). The mean income for the self-employed is 7,098. A total of 396 people receive unemployment benefits, and 388 receive income supplements.

Education

According to the CBS, there are 14 schools and 5,793 students in the city, although several more have been added in the last few years. Ma'ale Adumim has 10 elementary schools with 3,524 elementary school students, and 7 high schools with 2,269 high school students. 66. 9% of 12th graders were awarded a matriculation certificate in 2001. Ma'ale Adumim spends a large part of its budget on education. Schools offer after-school programs, class trips, and tutoring where needed. A special program has been developed for new immigrant children. Additional resources are invested in special education and classes for gifted children, including a special after-school program for honors students in science and math.

Land ownership

Copyright Applied Research Institute of Jerusalem
Copyright Applied Research Institute of Jerusalem

Ma'ale Adumim is built on land that was stated-owned under the Turks, during the reign of the Ottoman Empire. It remained state-owned under Jordanian occupation prior to 1967. In the Six-Day War, this territory was conquered by Israel, which again classed it as state land, despite claims of ownership by Palestinian residents of Abu Dis. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt Abu Dis (ابو ديس is a Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate, bordering Jerusalem. In 1982, the Jahalin Bedouin who had been living on the outskirts of the city were moved to another site. The Bedouin, (from the Arabic (ar بدوي pl badū) are a desert-dwelling Arab Nomadic pastoralist, or previously [5] However, many Bedouin enter the city every day and have jobs there.

The Ma'ale Adumim Magen David Adom ambulance squad is responsible for the entire region from the outskirts of Jerusalem to the Dead Sea, and provides care to Palestinian Arabs and Bedouins living in this area. The Magen David Adom (מגן דוד אדום abbr MDA or Mada) is Israel 's national emergency medical, disaster, Ambulance

Geographic significance

The Palestinians see Ma'ale Adumim as a threat to the territorial continuity of a future Palestinian state due to its strategic location between the northern and southern parts of the West Bank. Proposals for a Palestinian state (دولة فلسطين refer to the proposed establishment of an independent state for the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip, which is currently [8] This claim is disputed by mayor Benny Kashriel and others, who say that continuity is easily attained by circling Ma'ale Adumim to the east.

Currently, Israeli drivers use a bypass road that exits the city to the west, entering Jerusalem through the French Hill Junction or a new tunnel that goes under Mt. Scopus. A bypass is a Road or Highway that avoids or "bypasses" a built-up area town or village to let through Traffic flow without interference from French Hill (הגבעה הצרפתית HaGiv'a HaTzarfatit) also Giv'at Shapira (גִּבְעַת שַׁפִּירָא (Karm el-Wiz is a predominantly Jewish neighborhood Mount Scopus ( Hebrew הַר הַצּוֹפִים ( Har HaTzofim) Arabic جبل المشارف Ǧabal al-Mašārif, These routes were built in the wake of the First and Second Intifadas when Palestinian snipers shot at motorists and cars were stoned. The First Intifada (1987–1993 (also " Intifada " and "war of the stones" was a mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli The previous road passes through Azariya and Abu Dis. al-Eizariya or al-Izzariya (العيزريه lit Place of Lazarus) is the second largest Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate with Abu Dis (ابو ديس is a Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate, bordering Jerusalem.

Map of the projected expansion of Ma'ale Adumim. Copyright Applied Research Institute of Jerusalem
Map of the projected expansion of Ma'ale Adumim. Copyright Applied Research Institute of Jerusalem

In March 2005, a report by John Dugard for the United Nations Commission on Human Rights stated that the "three major settlement blocs - Gush Etzion, Ma’ale Adumim and Ariel - will effectively divide Palestinian territory into cantons or Bantustans. March 2005: ← - January 2005 - February 2005 - March - April 2005 - May 2005 - June 2005 - July 2005 John Dugard (born in 1936 in Fort Beaufort) is a South African professor of International law. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights ( UNCHR) was a functional commission within the overall framework of the United Nations. Gush Etzion (גוש עציון literally bloc of Etzion) refers to a group of Jewish villages established from the 1920s south of Jerusalem on the northern part The city of Ariel (אֲרִיאֵל اريئيل is an Israeli settlement on the West Bank, in the Biblical region of Samaria near the ancient A bantustan or more commonly black african homeland or simply homeland, was territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South-West "[9] Israel denies these charges, and claims the solution is a by-pass road similar to those used daily by Israelis to avoid driving through Arab areas. Ma'ale Adumim is expected to remain under Israeli control in future agreements with the Palestinian Authority.

The 07 development project in east Ma'ale Adumim was supported by Ariel Sharon in 2005. (אריאל [10] Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman Mark Regev denied the 07 extension plan is a violation of the roadmap peace plan, under which Israel agreed to freeze all building in the settlements. Mark Regev (מרק רגב is the Spokesman for the Israeli Prime Minister The "road map" for peace is a Plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict proposed by a " quartet " of international entities the

A project to link Ma'ale Adumim and Jerusalem, known as the E1 project - short for "East 1," as it appears on old zoning maps - has been criticized by the Palestinian Authority and other parties, including US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and US President George W. Bush. E1, also named "Mevasseret Adumim" ("Harbinger of Ma'ale Adumim" similar to Mevasseret Zion just outside Jerusalem is a mostly empty area of 4 Condoleezza Rice (born November 14 1954 is the 66th United States George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. [11] The E1 neighborhood, tentatively called Mevaseret Adumim, is slated for completion by 2020, with 3,500-5,000 residential units. [12] The new headquarters for the Judea and Samaria District police, formerly located in the Ras el-Amud neighborhood of Jerusalem, is now under construction there. [13]

Archeology

The Byzantine monastery of Martyrius, one of dozens of monasteries built in the Judean Desert in the early Christian era, is located in Ma'ale Adumim [14] Other archeological sites on the outskirts of Ma'ale Adumim include Khan al-Ahmar [15], also known as the Inn of the Good Samaritan (cited in a parable by Jesus, in Luke 10:30-37), [16] and the remains of the Monastery of St. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. The Monastery of Martyrius, now located in the center of the Israeli city of Ma'ale Adumim, east of Jerusalem, is one of dozens of Monasteries Euthymius. Saint Euthymius (377-473 often styled the Great, was an Abbot in Palestine. Khan al-Ahmar is a 16th century Ottoman travelers inn. The Monastery of St. Euthymius, built in the 5th century, was destroyed by the Mamluk sultan Baybars. Baibars, or al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari ( Arabic ar الملك‭ ‬الظاهر‭ ‬ركن‭ ‬الدين‭ ‬بيبرس‭ ‬البندقداري [17]

References

  1. ^ http://www.binghamton.edu/history/resources/bjoh/article2b.htm
  2. ^ CBS 2007
  3. ^ Report: 12,400 new settlers in 2006
  4. ^ Ma'ale Adumim website
  5. ^ a b a b  The Expansion of Ma'ale Adumim. Applied Research Institute of Jerusalem (ARIJ) website. Retrieved on February 10, 2006.
  6. ^ http://www.jr.co.il/ma/history.htm
  7. ^ http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?c=JPArticle&cid=1167467697743&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull
  8. ^ Israel's 'linchpin' settlement, BBC, November 12, 2005
  9. ^ Question of the Violation of Human Rights in the Occupied Arab Territories, Including Palestine, Report to the Commission on Human Rights, John Dugard, 3 March 2005, accessed June 27 2006.
  10. ^ Sharon pledges settlement growth, 'BBC', April 5, 2005]
  11. ^ "Rice slams Israel's settlements plans", Ynetnews, March 25, 2005.  
  12. ^ http://www.urbanisrael.com/MaalehAdumim.htm
  13. ^ http://www.jr.co.il/ma/manews07.htm
  14. ^ "The Monastery of Martyrius at Ma'ale Adummim," Yitzhak Magen, Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem 1993
  15. ^ http://www.jr.co.il/ma/manews03.htm
  16. ^ http://www.travelnet.co.il/israel/Jerusalem/jeru00-TOURS.htm
  17. ^ http://www.jericho-city.org/etemplate.php?id=19

External links

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