| MARS | |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Designers | IBM |
| First published | 1998 |
| Certification | AES finalist |
| Cipher detail | |
| Key sizes | 128, 192, or 256 bits |
| Block sizes | 128 bits |
| Structure | Type-3 Feistel network |
| Rounds | 32 |
In cryptography, MARS is a block cipher that was IBM's submission to the Advanced Encryption Standard process. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES the Block cipher ratified as a standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States (NIST was In Cryptography, key size or key length is the size (usually measured in bits or bytes of the key used in a cryptographic algorithm (such as a Cipher In modern Cryptography, symmetric key Ciphers are generally divided into Stream ciphers and Block ciphers Block ciphers operate on a In Cryptography, a Feistel cipher is a symmetric structure used in the construction of Block ciphers named after the German IBM cryptographer Horst Cryptography (or cryptology; from Greek grc κρυπτός kryptos, "hidden secret" and grc γράφω gráphō, "I write" In Cryptography, a block cipher is a symmetric key Cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of Bits termed blocks, with an International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES the Block cipher ratified as a standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States (NIST was MARS was selected as an AES finalist in August 1999, after the AES2 conference in March 1999, where it was voted as the fifth and last finalist algorithm.
The MARS design team included Don Coppersmith, who had been involved in the creation of the previous Data Encryption Standard (DES) twenty years earlier. Don Coppersmith is a Cryptographer and Mathematician. He was involved in the design of the Data Encryption Standard Block cipher at IBM The Data Encryption Standard ( DES) is a Cipher (a method for Encrypting information selected by NBS as an official Federal Information The project was specifically designed to resist future advances in cryptography by adopting a layered, compartmentalized approach.
IBM's official report stated that MARS and Serpent were the only two finalists to implement any form of safety net with regard to would-be advances in cryptographic mathematics. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Serpent is a Symmetric key Block cipher which was a finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES contest, where it came second to Interestingly, the Twofish team made a similar statement about its cipher. In Cryptography, Twofish is a symmetric key Block cipher with a block size of 128 Bits and Key sizes up to 256 bits [1].
MARS has a 128-bit block size and a variable key size of between 128 and 448 bits (in 32-bit increments). In modern Cryptography, symmetric key Ciphers are generally divided into Stream ciphers and Block ciphers Block ciphers operate on a In Cryptography, key size or key length is the size (usually measured in bits or bytes of the key used in a cryptographic algorithm (such as a Cipher Unlike most block ciphers, MARS has a heterogeneous structure: several rounds of a cryptographic core are "jacketed" by unkeyed mixing rounds, together with key whitening. In Cryptography, key whitening is a technique intended to increase the security of an iterated block cipher.
Security analysis
Subkeys with long runs of ones or zeroes may lead to efficient attacks on MARS [2]. The two least significant bits of round keys used in multiplication are always set to the value 1. Thus, there are always two inputs that are unchanged through the multiplication process regardless of the subkey, and two others which have fixed output regardless of the subkey [2].
Notes and references
- ^ NIST, Report on the Development of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), NIST, 2000. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ a b B. Preneel et al. , Comments by the NESSIE Project on the AES Finalists, NIST, 2000. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.
External links
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic