| M94 Group | |
 Messier 94, the brightest galaxy in the M94 Group. |
|
| Observation data (Epoch J2000) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation(s) | Canes Venatici & Coma Berenices |
| Right ascension | [1][2] |
| Declination | [1][2] |
| Number of galaxies | 16-24[3][1][2] |
| Brightest member | M94,[2] M106,[1] |
| Other designations | |
| NGC 4736 Group,[4] Canes Venatici I Group,[4] Canes Venatici Cloud,[4] LGG 290,[1] NOGG H 617,[2] NOGG P1 636,[2] NOGG P2 647[2] |
|
| See also: Galaxy groups and clusters, List of galaxy clusters | |
The M94 Group (also kown as Canes Venatici I Group or the Canes Venatici Cloud) is a loose, extended group of galaxies located about 13 million light-years away[5] in the constellations Canes Venatici and Coma Berenices. In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. In common usage a constellation is a group of celestial bodies that are connected together in some arrangement typically stars to form a visible figure or picture Canes Venatici ( Hunting dogs) is a small northern Constellation that was introduced by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century Coma Berenices ( Berenice 's Hair) is a traditional asterism that has since become a Constellation. Right ascension (abbrev RA; symbol α) is the Astronomical term for one of the two Coordinates of a point on the Celestial sphere In Astronomy, declination (abbrev dec or δ) is one of the two coordinates of the Equatorial coordinate system, the other being either Messier 94 (also known as NGC 4736) is a Spiral galaxy in the Constellation Canes Venatici. Messier 106 (also known as NGC 4258) is a Spiral galaxy about in the Constellation Canes Venatici. The New General Catalogue ( NGC) is the best-known catalogue of Deep sky objects in Amateur astronomy. Galaxy groups and clusters are the largest Gravitationally bound objects to have arisen thus far in the process of cosmic structure formation This page lists some of the more interesting Galaxy clusters and groups Galaxy groups and clusters are the largest Gravitationally bound objects to have arisen thus far in the process of cosmic structure formation A light-year or light year (symbol ly) is a unit of Length, equal to just under ten trillion Kilometres As defined by In common usage a constellation is a group of celestial bodies that are connected together in some arrangement typically stars to form a visible figure or picture Canes Venatici ( Hunting dogs) is a small northern Constellation that was introduced by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century Coma Berenices ( Berenice 's Hair) is a traditional asterism that has since become a Constellation. The group is one of many groups that lies within the Virgo Supercluster (i. The Virgo Supercluster or Local Supercluster is the galactic Supercluster that contains the Local Group, the latter containing in its turn e. the Local Supercluster)[6]. The Virgo Supercluster or Local Supercluster is the galactic Supercluster that contains the Local Group, the latter containing in its turn
Although the galaxies in this cluster appear to be form a single large cloud-like structure, many of the galaxies within the group are only weakly gravitationally bound, and some have not yet formed stable orbits around the center of this group. Instead, most of the galaxies in this group appears to be moving with the expansion of the universe[7][5].
Members
The table below lists galaxies that have been consistently identified as group members in the Nearby Galaxies Catalog[3], the Lyons Groups of Galaxies (LGG) Catalog[1], and the three group lists created from the Nearby Optical Galaxy sample of Giuricin et al. [2].
| Name | Type[8] | R.A. (J2000)[8] | Dec. (J2000)[8] | Redshift (km/s)[8] | Apparent Magnitude[8] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IC 3687 | IAB(s)m | 12h 42m 15. Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by Astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance Right ascension (abbrev RA; symbol α) is the Astronomical term for one of the two Coordinates of a point on the Celestial sphere In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. In Astronomy, declination (abbrev dec or δ) is one of the two coordinates of the Equatorial coordinate system, the other being either In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. In Physics and Astronomy, redshift occurs when Electromagnetic radiation – usually Visible light – emitted or reflected by The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units The apparent magnitude ( m) of a celestial body is a measure of its Brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, normalized to the value 1s | +38° 30′ 12″ | 354 ± 1 | 13. 7 |
| IC 4182 | SA(s)m | 13h 05m 49. 5s | +37° 36′ 18″ | 321 ± 1 | 13. 0 |
| M94 | (R)SA(r)ab | 12h 50m 53. Messier 94 (also known as NGC 4736) is a Spiral galaxy in the Constellation Canes Venatici. 0s | +41° 07′ 14″ | 308 ± 1 | 9. 0 |
| NGC 4144 | SAB(s)cd | 12h 09m 58. 6s | +46° 27′ 26″ | 265 ± 1 | 12. 1 |
| NGC 4190 | Im pec | 12h 13m 44. 8s | +36° 38′ 03″ | 228 ± 1 | 13. 4 |
| NGC 4214 | IAB(s)m | 12h 15m 39. NGC 4214 is a barred Irregular galaxy located in the Constellation Canes Venatici. 2s | +36° 19′ 37″ | 291 ± 3 | 10. 2 |
| NGC 4244 | SA(s)cd | 12h 17m 29. NGC 4244, also Caldwell 26, is an edge-on loose Spiral galaxy and Caldwell object in the constellation Canes Venatici. 6s | +37° 48′ 26″ | 244 ± 0 | 10. 9 |
| NGC 4395 | SA(s)m | 12h 25m 48. NGC 4395 is a low surface brightness Spiral galaxy with a halo that is about 8&prime in diameter 9s | +33° 32′ 48″ | 319 ± 1 | 10. 6 |
| NGC 4449 | IBm | 12h 28m 11. NGC 4449 is an Irregular galaxy in the Constellation Canes Venatici. 9s | +44° 05′ 40″ | 207 ± 4 | 10. 0 |
| UGC 6817 | Im | 11h 50m 53. 0s | +38° 52′ 49″ | 242 ± 1 | 13. 4 |
| UGC 7559 | IBm | 12h 27m 05. 2s | +37° 08′ 33″ | 218 ± 5 | 14. 2 |
| UGC 7577 | Im | 12h 27m 40. 9s | +43° 29′ 44″ | 195 ± 0 | 12. 8 |
| UGC 7698 | Im | 12h 32m 54. 4s | +31° 32′ 28″ | 331 ± 1 | 13. 0 |
| UGC 8320 | IBm | 13h 14m 27. 9s | +45° 55′ 09″ | 192 ± 1 | 12. 7 |
Additionally, NGC 4105 and UGC 8331 are frequently but not consistently identified as members of this group in the references cited above.
The brightest member in this galaxy group is questionable and partly depends on the analysis used to determine group members. The LGG Catalog identifies M106 as part of this group, which would make it the brightest galaxy within the group. Messier 106 (also known as NGC 4258) is a Spiral galaxy about in the Constellation Canes Venatici. [1] However, the other catalogs cited above do not identify M106 as a group member, in which case M94 would be the brightest galaxy within the group[3][2]. Messier 94 (also known as NGC 4736) is a Spiral galaxy in the Constellation Canes Venatici.
See also
- M96 Group - another group of galaxies that is similar in size to this one
- Sculptor Group - another nearby group of galaxies that is also weakly gravitationally bound
References
- ^ a b c d e f g A. The M96 Group (also known as the Leo I Group) is a Group of galaxies in the Constellation Leo. The Sculptor Group is a loose Group of galaxies ! style="background#efefef" | R Garcia (1993). "General study of group membership. II - Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement 100: 47–90.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i G. Giuricin, C. Marinoni, L. Ceriani, A. Pisani (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". Astrophysical Journal 543: 178–194. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ a b c R. B. Tully (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35299-1.
- ^ a b c SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Results for NGC 4736 Group. Retrieved on 2006-10-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
- ^ a b I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal 129: 178–188. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ R. B. Tully (1982). "The Local Supercluster". Astrophysical Journal 257: 389–422. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ I. D. Karachentsev, M. E. Sharina, A. E. Dolphin, E. K. Grebel, D. Geisler, P. Guhathakurta, P. W. Hodge, V. E. Karachentseva, A. Sarajedini, P. Seitzer (2003). "Galaxy flow in the Canes Venatici I cloud". Astronomy and Astrophysics 398: 467–477. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ a b c d e NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Results for various galaxies. Retrieved on 2006-11-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
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