Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Montague Rhodes James

M. R. James c. 1900
Born August 1, 1862
Died June 12, 1936
Pen name M. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity R. James
Nationality British
Influenced

Montague Rhodes James, OM, MA, (August 1, 1862 – June 12, 1936), who published under the byline M. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Sir John Betjeman, CBE ( 28 August 1906 &ndash 19 May 1984 was an English poet writer and broadcaster who described himself in Who's Who Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of horror, fantasy Clark Ashton Smith ( January 13, 1893 - August 14, 1961) was a Poet, sculptor, painter and author of fantasy This article refers to the science fiction writer For the actor see Fritz Leiber Sr Russell Kirk ( 19 October 1918 &ndash 29 April[[ 994]] was an American Political theorist, Historian, Social John Anthony Bellairs ( 17 January, 1938 &mdash 8 March, 1991) was an American author best known for his well-respected Fantasy Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American Author, Screenwriter, Musician, Columnist, John Ramsey Campbell (born 4 January 1946 in Liverpool) is an English Horror fiction author The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. In the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin, the degree of Master of Arts or Master in Arts ( MA) is awarded to Bachelors Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. R. James, was a noted British mediaeval scholar and provost of King's College, Cambridge (1905–1918) and of Eton College (1918–1936). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Provost is the title of a senior Academic administrator at many institutions of Higher education in the United States and Canada, the equivalent King's College Cambridge is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. He is best remembered today for his ghost stories in the classic Victorian Yuletide vein, which are widely regarded as among the finest in English literature. A ghost story may be any piece of Fiction, or Drama, that includes a Ghost, or simply takes as a Premise the possibility of ghosts or the belief Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The term English literature refers to Literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by Writers not necessarily from

Contents

Early influences

James was born in Goodnestone Parsonage in Kent, England, although his parents were closely connected with Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Depending on denomination, local custom and the status of the minister the Building inhabited (or formerly inhabited by the leader of a local Christian church can KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Aldeburgh ( IPA /ˈɔlbrə/ is a town in Suffolk, East Anglia, England; it is located on the Alde river at 52° 9' North 1° 36' East Suffolk (ˈsʌfək is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. From the age of three (1865) until 1909 his home, if not always his residence, was at the Rectory in Great Livermere, Suffolk. This had also been the childhood home of another eminent Suffolk antiquary, "Honest Tom" Martin "of Palgrave. Thomas Martin ( 8 March 1696/7 – 7 March 1771), known as " Honest Tom Martin of Palgrave" " Several of the ghost stories are set in Suffolk, including "'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad'" (Felixstowe), "A Warning to the Curious" (Aldeburgh), "Rats" and "A Vignette" (Great Livermere). Felixstowe is a seaside town on the North Sea coast of Suffolk, England. He lived for many years, first as an undergraduate, then as a don and provost, at King's College, Cambridge, which university provides settings for several of his tales. King's College Cambridge is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Apart from mediaeval subjects, James studied the classics and appeared very successfully in a staging of Aristophanes's play The Birds, with music by Hubert Parry. Aristophanes (Ἀριστοφάνης ˌærɪˈstɒfəniːz in English ca The Birds ( Greek: Ornithes) is a comedy written by the Ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes in 414 BC Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry 1st Baronet (27 February 1848 &ndash 7 October 1918 was an English Composer, best known for the choral song Jerusalem His ability as an actor was also seen when he read his new ghost stories to friends at Christmas time.

Scholarly works

James is most widely known for his ghost stories, but as a mediaeval scholar his output was phenomenal and remains highly respected in scholarly circles. Indeed the success of his antiquarian ghost-stories is rooted in his life as an antiquary. His discovery of a manuscript fragment led to excavations in the ruins of the abbey at Bury St Edmunds, West Suffolk, in 1902, in which the graves of several twelfth-century abbots described by Jocelyn de Brakelond (a contemporary chronicler) were rediscovered, having been lost since the Dissolution. Bury St Edmunds is a town in the county of Suffolk, England and formerly the County town of West Suffolk. Jocelyn de Brakelond (d 1211 English Monk and author of a Chronicle narrating the fortunes of the Monastery of Bury St The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the formal process between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded His 1917 edition of the Latin Lives of Saint Aethelberht, king and martyr (English Historical Review 32), remains authoritative. Æthelberht (died May 20, 794 at Sutton Walls, Herefordshire) was king of East Anglia.

He catalogued many of the manuscript libraries of the Cambridge and Oxford colleges. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the Among his other scholarly works, he wrote The Apocalypse in Art, which placed illuminated Apocalypse manuscripts into families. Illustrated Apocalypse manuscripts are Manuscripts that contain the text of Revelation and/or a commentary on Revelation and also illustrations He also translated the New Testament Apocrypha. New Testament apocrypha are a number of writings of the early Christian church that give accounts of the teachings of Jesus, aspects of the life of Jesus accounts The fact that he was not a "dry" scholar is shown in his Suffolk and Norfolk (Dent, 1930), in which a great deal of knowledge is presented in a popular and accessible form, and in Abbeys (Great Western Railway, 1925).

Ghost stories

James's ghost stories were published in a series of collections: Ghost Stories of an Antiquary (1904), More Ghost Stories (1911), A Thin Ghost and Others (1919), and A Warning to the Curious and Other Ghost Stories (1925). Ghost Stories of an Antiquary is the title of M R James ' first collection of ghost stories published in 1904 (some had previously appeared in magazines More Ghost Stories is the title of M R James ' second collection of ghost stories published in 1911 (one had previously appeared in the Contemporary The first hardback collected edition appeared in 1931. Many of the tales were penned as Christmas Eve entertainments and read aloud to select gatherings of friends. This idea was used by the BBC in the mid-1990s when they filmed Christopher Lee reading four stories in a candle-lit room in King's College, just as James did so dramatically ninety years before. Christopher Frank Carandini Lee CBE, CStJ (born 27 May 1922 is a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award-nominated Saturn Award-winning English Actor King's College Cambridge is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.

James perfected a method of story-telling which has since become known as Jamesian. The classic Jamesian tale usually includes the following key elements:

  1. a characterful setting in an English small village, seaside town or country estate; an ancient town in France, Denmark or Sweden; or a venerable abbey or university
  2. a nondescript and rather naive gentleman-scholar as protagonist (often repressed in nature)
  3. the discovery of an old book or other antiquarian object that somehow calls down the wrath, or at least the unwelcome attention, of a supernatural menace, usually from beyond the grave

According to James, the story must "put the reader into the position of saying to himself: 'If I'm not careful, something of this kind may happen to me!'" He also perfected the literary technique of the genre: narrating supernatural events principally through implication and suggestion, letting his reader fill in the blanks, and focusing on the mundane details of his settings and characters in order to throw the horrific and bizarre elements into greater relief. He summed up his approach in his foreword to the anthology Ghosts and Marvels (Oxford, 1924): "Two ingredients most valuable in the concocting of a ghost story are, to me, the atmosphere and the nicely managed crescendo. … Let us, then, be introduced to the actors in a placid way; let us see them going about their ordinary business, undisturbed by forebodings, pleased with their surroundings; and into this calm environment let the ominous thing put out its head, unobtrusively at first, and then more insistently, until it holds the stage. "

A further important point he made was: "Another requisite, in my opinion, is that the ghost should be malevolent or odious: amiable and helpful apparitions are all very well in fairy tales or in local legends, but I have no use for them in a fictitious ghost story. "

Despite his suggestion (in the essay "Stories I Have Tried to Write") that writers employ reticence in their work, many of James's tales depict scenes and images of savage and often disturbing violence. For example, in "Lost Hearts", pubescent children are drugged by a sinister dabbler in the occult who then removes their hearts from their paralysed bodies. In a 1929 essay, James stated:

Reticence may be an elderly doctrine to preach, yet from the artistic point of view, I am sure it is a sound one. Reticence conduces to effect, blatancy ruins it, and there is much blatancy in a lot of recent stories. They drag in sex too, which is a fatal mistake; sex is tiresome enough in the novels; in a ghost story, or as the backbone of a ghost story, I have no patience with it. At the same time don't let us be mild and drab. Malevolence and terror, the glare of evil faces, 'the stony grin of unearthly malice', pursuing forms in darkness, and 'long-drawn, distant screams', are all in place, and so is a modicum of blood, shed with deliberation and carefully husbanded; the weltering and wallowing that I too often encounter merely recall the methods of M G Lewis. [1]

Although not overtly sexual, plots of this nature have been perceived as unintentional metaphors of the Freudian variety. Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded James's biographer Michael Cox wrote in M. R. James: An Informal Portrait (1983), "One need not be a professional psychoanalyst to see the ghost stories as some release from feelings held in check. " Reviewing this biography (Daily Telegraph, 1983), the novelist and diarist Anthony Powell, who attended Eton under James's tutelage, commented that "I myself have heard it suggested that James's (of course platonic) love affairs were in fact fascinating to watch. Anthony Dymoke Powell, CH, CBE (December 21 1905&ndashMarch 28 2000 was an English novelist best known for his twelve-volume work A Dance to the Music " Powell was referring to James' relationships with his pupils, not his peers.

Other critics have seen complex psychological undercurrents in James's work. His authorial revulsion from tactile contact with other people has been noted by Julia Briggs in Night Visitors: The Rise and Fall of the English Ghost Story (1977). As Nigel Kneale said in the introduction to the Folio Society edition of Ghost Stories of M. Nigel Kneale (18 April 1922 &ndash 29 October 2006 was a Manx writer who worked mostly in the United Kingdom. The Folio Society is a publisher of fine books based in London R. James, "In an age where every man is his own psychologist, M. R. James looks like rich and promising material. … There must have been times when it was hard to be Monty James. "

In addition to writing his own stories, James championed the works of Sheridan Le Fanu, whom he viewed as "absolutely in the first rank as a writer of ghost stories", editing and supplying introductions to Madame Crowl's Ghost (1923) and Uncle Silas (1926). Joseph Thomas Sheridan Le Fanu (28 August 1814 &ndash 7 February 1873 was an Irish writer of Gothic tales and mystery novels

James's actual beliefs about ghosts were ambiguous. He wrote, "I answer that I am prepared to consider evidence and accept it if it satisfies me. "

Adaptations

Television

There have been numerous television adaptations of James's stories, mostly in Britain. Two of the best-known TV dramas include Whistle and I'll Come to You (1968, directed by Jonathan Miller) and A Warning to the Curious (1972; directed by Lawrence Gordon Clark), starring Sir Michael Hordern and Peter Vaughan respectively. Sir Jonathan Wolfe Miller, CBE (born 21 July 1934) is a British Neurologist, Theatre and Opera director Lawrence Gordon Clark is a television director and producer Perhaps best and most fondly known for a series of Christmas adaptations of ghost stories many by M Sir Michael Murray Hordern ( 3 October 1911 &ndash 2 May 1995) was an English Actor, knighted in 1983 for his services Peter Vaughan (born April 4, 1923) is an English Character actor, known for many supporting roles in a variety of British Film and Both were released on DVD by the British Film Institute but are now out-of-print. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is The British Film Institute ( BFI) is a charitable organisation established by Royal Charter to encourage the development of the arts of film television

Although ITV produced four black-and-white adaptations of James's ghost stories between 1966 and 1968, no surviving copies are known to exist. Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent However, a short preview trailer featuring several scenes from Casting the Runes survived and has been shown at cult film festivals. "Casting the Runes" was also adapted for television in 1979 as an episode of the ITV Playhouse series. [2]

From 1971 to 1978 the BBC broadcast a new ghost story each Christmas in a series titled A Ghost Story for Christmas. Five dramatizations of James stories were included: The Stalls Of Barchester (1971), A Warning to the Curious (1972), Lost Hearts (1973), The Treasure of Abbot Thomas (1974) and The Ash-tree (1975).

In 1975 Yorkshire Television produced a twenty-minute adaptation of "Mr Humphrey's Inheritance" for schools. Despite its target audience, the short drama possesses some genuinely creepy moments. In 1979 they produced a contemporary version of "Casting the Runes", with Lawrence Gordon Clark directing.

In December 1986 BBC2 broadcast partially dramatized readings by the actor Robert Powell of "The Mezzotint", "The Ash-Tree", "Wailing Well", "Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad" and "The Rose Garden". Robert Powell (born 1 June 1944) is a well-known English television and film Actor, probably most famous for his title role in In a similar vein, the BBC also produced a short series (M. R. James' Ghost Stories for Christmas) of further readings in 2000, which featured Christopher Lee as James, who (in character) read adaptations of "The Stalls of Barchester Cathedral", "The Ash-tree", "Number 13" and "A Warning to the Curious". Christopher Frank Carandini Lee CBE, CStJ (born 27 May 1922 is a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award-nominated Saturn Award-winning English Actor

The 1970s Ghost Story for Christmas tradition was briefly revived in December 2005, when BBC Four broadcast a new version of James's story "A View from a Hill", with "Number 13" following in December 2006. BBC Four is a BBC Television channel available to digital television ( Freeview, IPTV, satellite and cable) viewers in the These were broadly faithful to the originals and were quite well-received.

Radio and audio

On November 19, 1947, the thirteenth episode of the CBS radio series Escape was an adaptation of "Casting the Runes". Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. Escape was Radio 's leading Anthology series of high adventure airing on CBS from July 7 1947 to September 25

On January 12, 1974, the CBS Radio Mystery Theater, hosted by E. G. Marshall, presented the episode "I Warn You Three Times", which was an updated, loose adaptation of "Casting the Runes". Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. CBS Radio Mystery Theater (aka Radio Mystery Theater and Mystery Theater) was an ambitious and sustained attempt during the 1970s E G Marshall ( June 18 1914 - August 24 1998) was a two-time Emmy Award -winning American Actor who co-starred

Towards the end of the 1980s the BBC producer Sheila Hodgson authored and produced a series of plays for BBC Radio 4 which innovatively cast M. R. James as the diarist of a series of fictional ghost stories inspired by fragments referred to in his essay "Stories I Have Tried to Write". The actor Michael Williams appeared in some of these as M. Michael Leonard Williams ( 9 July 1935 &ndash 11 January 2001) was a British Actor. R. James. Many of these are believed lost owing to the BBC's pre-2000 policy of not keeping copies of broadcast radio drama.

In 1997–1998 Radio 4 broadcast The Late Book: Ghost Stories, a series of 15-minute readings of M. R. James stories, abridged and produced by Paul Kent and narrated by Benjamin Whitrow (repeated on BBC 7, December 2003–January 2004, September–October 2004, February 2007). Benjamin "Ben" Whitrow (born 17 February 1937 in Oxford, England) is a British actor The stories were "Canon Alberic's Scrap-book", "Lost Hearts", "A School Story", "The Haunted Dolls' House" and "Rats".

In 2003, Radio 4 broadcast The House at World's End by Stephen Sheridan. A pastiche of James's work, it contained numerous echoes of his stories while offering a fictional account of how he became interested in the supernatural. James was played by John Rowe, with Jonathan Keeble playing his younger self. John Rowe may refer to John Rowe (minister (1626-1677 English clergyman John Rowe (actor, British actor John Rowe

In the 1980s, a series of four double audio cassettes was released by Argo Records, featuring nineteen unabridged James stories narrated by Michael Hordern. Sir Michael Murray Hordern ( 3 October 1911 &ndash 2 May 1995) was an English Actor, knighted in 1983 for his services The tapes were titled Ghost Stories (1982), More Ghost Stories (1984), A Warning to the Curious (1985) and No. 13 and Other Ghost Stories (1988). ISIS Audio Books also released two collections of unabridged James stories, this time narrated by Nigel Lambert. Nigel Lambert (born 1944 is a British Actor, best known for his role as the Narrator of the first series of the BBC programme Look These tapes were titled A Warning to the Curious and Other Tales (four audio cassettes, six stories, March 1992) and Ghost Stories of an Antiquary (three audio cassettes, eight stories, December 1992).

In Spring 2007 UK-based Craftsman Audio Books released the first complete set of audio recordings of James's stories on CD, spread across two volumes. These were recorded with the actor David Collings (who appeared as Silver in the cult TV series Sapphire & Steel) as reader. Sapphire & Steel is a British television science-fiction series starring David McCallum as Steel and Joanna Lumley as Sapphire The ghost story author Reggie Oliver acted as consultant on the project. Reggie Oliver (born 1952 in London) is an English playwright biographer and writer of ghost stories

April 2007 also saw the release of Tales of the Supernatural, Volume One, an audiobook presentation by Fantom Films, featuring the James stories "Lost Hearts" read by Geoffrey Bayldon, "Rats" and "Number 13" by Ian Fairbairn, with Gareth David-Lloyd reading "Casting the Runes" and "There Was a Man Dwelt by a Churchyard". Geoffrey Bayldon (born 7 January 1924) is a British Actor. After playing roles in dramas of Shakespeare, he became famous with the Gareth David-Lloyd (born March 28 1981) is a Welsh actor best known for his role as Ianto Jones in the British science fiction television Volume Two was to follow in the summer.

Over the 2007 Christmas period Radio 4 revived the tradition of M. R. James's ghost stories for the festive period with a series of adaptations of his most popular tales. Each lasted around 15 minutes and were introduced by Derek Jacobi as James himself. Due to the short running times the tales were fairy rushed with much of the story condensed or removed. Stories adapted included: Oh Whistle and I'll Come to You, Number 13 and Lost Hearts.

Film

The only notable film version of James's work to date has been the highly influential British adaptation of "Casting the Runes" by Jacques Tourneur as Night of the Demon (1957; U. Jacques Tourneur ( November 12, 1904 &ndash December 19, 1977) was a French - American Film director. Night of the Demon is a 1957 British Horror film adaptation of M S. title Curse of the Demon). The film is generally considered one of the high points of the British horror film, if not, indeed, of British Cinema generally. Horror films are Movies that strive to elicit Fear, Horror and terror responses from viewers

Stage

The first stage version of "Casting the Runes" was performed at the Carriageworks Theatre in Leeds, England on 9–10 June 2006 by the Pandemonium Theatre Company. Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland [1]

In 2006–2007, Nunkie Theatre Company toured A Pleasing Terror round the UK and Ireland. This one-man show was an atmospheric retelling of two of James's tales, "Canon Alberic’s Scrap-book" and "The Mezzotint". In October 2007 a sequel, Oh, Whistle. . . , comprising "Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad" and "The Ash-tree", began to tour the UK.

Influence

H. P. Lovecraft was an admirer of James's work, extolling the stories as the peak of the ghost story form in his essay "Supernatural Horror in Literature. Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of horror, fantasy "Supernatural Horror in Literature" is a non-fiction survey of the field of Horror fiction by the famed horror writer H " Another renowned fan of James in the horror and fantasy genre was Clark Ashton Smith, who wrote an essay on him. Clark Ashton Smith ( January 13, 1893 - August 14, 1961) was a Poet, sculptor, painter and author of fantasy The author John Bellairs paid homage to James by incorporating plot elements borrowed from James's ghost stories into several of his own juvenile mysteries. John Anthony Bellairs ( 17 January, 1938 &mdash 8 March, 1991) was an American author best known for his well-respected Fantasy Other writers in the Jamesian tradition include A. N. L. Munby, E. Alan Noel Latimer Munby (1913 - 1974 was an English Author, Writer and Librarian. G. Swain, and R. H. Malden, although their stories are generally considered to be inferior to those of James himself. [3] The stories of M. R. James continue to influence many of today's great supernatural writers, including Stephen King (The Shining, etc. Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American Author, Screenwriter, Musician, Columnist, ) and Ramsey Campbell, who edited Meddling with Ghosts: Stories in the Tradition of M. John Ramsey Campbell (born 4 January 1946 in Liverpool) is an English Horror fiction author R. James and wrote the short story "The Guide" in tribute. [4]

Sir John Betjeman, in an introduction to Peter Haining's book about James, shows how influenced he was by Dr James's work:

In the year 1920 I was a new boy at the Dragon school, Oxford, then called Lynam's, of which the headmaster was C. Sir John Betjeman, CBE ( 28 August 1906 &ndash 19 May 1984 was an English poet writer and broadcaster who described himself in Who's Who The Dragon School is a British Coeducational, preparatory school in the city of Oxford, founded in 1877 Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, C. Lynam, known as 'the Skipper'. He dressed and looked like an old Sea Salt, and in his gruff voice would tell us stories by firelight in the boys' room of an evening with all the lights out and his back to the fire. I remember he told the stories as having happened to himself. …they were the best stories I ever heard, and gave me an interest in old churches, and country houses, and Scandinavia that not even the mighty Hans Christian Andersen eclipsed.

Betjeman later discovered the stories were all based on those of M. R. James.

The band The Coral recorded a song titled "A Warning to the Curious", which appears on their 2005 album The Invisible Invasion

Works

Scholarly works

Ghost story collections

Guidebooks

Children's books

Notes

  1. ^ M. R. James. "Some Remarks on Ghost Stories". The Bookman, December 1929.
  2. ^ "Casting the Runes".
  3. ^ Introduction to Joshi, S. T. (editor). Sunand Tryambak Joshi (b 22 June 1958 in Pune, India) is an Indian American Literary Critic, and a leading Count Magnus and Other Ghost Stories. Penguin Classics, 2005. ISBN 0-14-303939-3
  4. ^ Preface to Campbell, Ramsey (editor). John Ramsey Campbell (born 4 January 1946 in Liverpool) is an English Horror fiction author Meddling with Ghosts: Stories in the Tradition of M. R. James. The British Library, 2002. The British Library ( BL) is the National library of the United Kingdom. ISBN 0-71-231125-4

References

External links


Academic offices
Preceded by
Edmond Warre		 Provost of Eton
1918–1936		 Succeeded by
Lord Hugh Cecil
The Provost is the chairman of the Governing Body of Eton College. Hugh Richard Heathcote (Gascoyne-Cecil 1st Baron Quickswood PC ( 14 October 1869 &ndash 10 December 1956) was a British
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic