Lysis (Greek λύσις, lysis from lyein = to separate) refers to the death of a cell by breaking of the cellular membrane, often by viral or osmotic mechanisms that compromise its integrity. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly A solution containing the contents of lysed cells is called a "lysate".

Applications

Cell lysis is used mostly in western blotting to analyse the composition of specific proteins, lipids and nucleic acids individually or as complexes. The western blot (alternatively immunoblot) is an Analytical technique used to detect specific Proteins in a given sample of tissue homogenate or Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl Lipids are broadly defined as any fat- Soluble ( lipophilic) naturally-occurring Molecule, such as fats oils waxes cholesterol sterols fat-soluble A nucleic acid is a Macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric Nucleotides In Biochemistry these Molecules carry Genetic information Depending upon the detergent that is used either all membranes are lysed or certain membranes are lysed, leaving other membranes intact. A detergent (as a noun is a material intended to assist Cleaning. For example if the cell membrane only is lysed then gradient centrifugation can be used to collect certain organelles - nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, chloroplasts and endoplasmic reticulum. The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane, plasmalemma, or "phospholipid bilayer" is a Selectively permeable Lipid bilayer In Cell biology, an organelle (pronunciation /ɔː(rgəˡnɛl/ is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function and is usually separately enclosed In Cell biology, the nucleus (pl nuclei; from Latin la ''nucleus'' or la ''nuculeus'' "little nut" or kernel is a membrane-enclosed In Cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Lysosomes are Organelles that contain Digestive enzymes (acid Hydrolases. Chloroplasts are Organelles found in Plant cells and eukaryotic Algae that conduct Photosynthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum (Greek endo = "within" (prefix plásma = "formed entity" Latin reticulum = "little net" or ER, is an Organelle The isolated organelles can then be analysed by electron microscopy or western blotting. An electron microscope is a type of Microscope that uses Electrons to illuminate a specimen and create an enlarged image The western blot (alternatively immunoblot) is an Analytical technique used to detect specific Proteins in a given sample of tissue homogenate or

Cytolysis

Main article: Cytolysis

blood cells under different solutions

Cytolysis is the lysis of cells in a hypotonic environment. Cytolysis, or osmotic lysis, occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to move into the cell The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living Organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living and is often called Tonicity is a measure of blood capacity or effective osmolality in cell Biology. Cytolysis is caused by excessive osmosis, or movement of water, towards the inside of a cell (hyperhydration). Osmosis is the Diffusion of a solvent (frequently water through a semi-permeable membrane, from a solution of low solute concentration (high water potential Water intoxication (also known as hyperhydration or water poisoning) is a potentially fatal disturbance in Brain functions that results when the The cell membrane cannot withstand the osmotic pressure of the water inside, and so it explodes. The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane, plasmalemma, or "phospholipid bilayer" is a Selectively permeable Lipid bilayer Osmotic pressure is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a difference in concentration between solutions on the two sides of a surface such as a semipermeable membrane An explosion is a sudden increase in Volume and release of Energy in an extreme manner usually with the generation of high Temperatures and the release Osmosis occurs from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential passing through a semipermeable membrane, so these bursting cells are located in hypotonic environments. A semipermeable membrane, also termed a selectively-permeable membrane, a partially-permeable membrane or a differentially-permeable membrane, is a membrane

Cytolysis can be prevented by several different mechanisms, including the contractile vacuole that exists in some paramecia which rapidly pump water out of the cell. A contractile vacuole is a sub-cellular structure involved in Osmoregulation. Paramecia are a group of Unicellular Ciliate Protozoa formerly known as “slipper Animalcules �� from their Slipper shape are commonly

Cytolysis does not occur under normal conditions in plant cells because plant cells have a strong cell wall that contains the osmotic pressure, or turgor pressure, that would otherwise cause cytolysis to occur.

Plasmolysis

Plasmolysis

Main article: Plasmolysis

Plasmolysis is the contraction of cells within plants due to the loss of water through osmosis. Rhoeo Discolor epidermisjpg|left|thumb|Before plasmolysis]] Plasmolysis is the contraction of cells due to the loss of water through Osmosis in plants and bacteria The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living Organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living and is often called Osmosis is the Diffusion of a solvent (frequently water through a semi-permeable membrane, from a solution of low solute concentration (high water potential In a hypertonic environment, the cell membrane peels off of the cell wall and the vacuole collapses. Tonicity is a measure of blood capacity or effective osmolality in cell Biology. A cell wall is a tough flexible and sometimes fairly rigid layer surrounding a cell, located external to the Cell membrane, which provides the cell with structural In general vacuole functions include Removing unwanted structural debris Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell Containing These cells will eventually wilt and die unless the flow of water caused by osmosis can stop the contraction of the cell membrane. The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane, plasmalemma, or "phospholipid bilayer" is a Selectively permeable Lipid bilayer

See also

• Cell disruption
• Hemolysis
• Lysogenic
• Crenation