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Lynn, Massachusetts
Official seal of Lynn, Massachusetts
Seal
Location in Essex County in Massachusetts
Location in Essex County in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°28′00″N 70°57′00″W / 42.466667, -70.95
Country United States
State Massachusetts
County Essex
Settled 1629
Incorporated 1850
Government
 - Type Mayor-council city
 - Mayor Chip Clancy
Area
 - Total 13. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. This is a list of Massachusetts counties, consisting of the 14 Massachusetts counties Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U The Mayor-Council government system sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system is one of two variations of Government used for the most part in modern A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Edward "Chip" Clancy, Jr is currently the Mayor of Lynn Massachusetts, serving his second term Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 5 sq mi (34. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 9 km²)
 - Land 10. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 sq mi (28. 0 km²)
 - Water 2. 7 sq mi (6. 9 km²)
Elevation 30 ft (9 m)
Population (2000)
 - Total 89,050
 - Density 8,233. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 7/sq mi (3,179. 0/km²)
Time zone Eastern (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code 01901-01905
Area code(s) 339 / 781
FIPS code 25-37490
GNIS feature ID 0613376
Website: http://www.ci.lynn.ma.us/

Lynn is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 339 is an overlay of parts of Area code 781. It was added in 2001 to create more Telephone numbers Exchanges The following table Under the North American Numbering Plan for Telephone area codes, area code 781 covers suburban Boston, Massachusetts. Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The population was 89,050 at the 2000 census. An older industrial center, Lynn is home to Lynn Beach and Lynn Heritage State Park. Currently, Edward "Chip" Clancy, Jr. is serving his second term as Mayor.

Contents

History

The area known as Lynn was first settled in 1629 by Edmund Ingalls (d. Edmund Ingalls (c1598-1643 was the founder of Lynn Massachusetts. 1647 and incorporated in 1631 as Saugus, the Nipmuck name for the area. The Nipmuc (also spelled Nipmuck) are a group of Algonquian Indians native to Worcester County Massachusetts. [1] The name Lynn was given to the area after King's Lynn, Norfolk, England, in honor of Samuel Whiting. King's Lynn is a town and Port in Norfolk, England. Over the years the town has been known variously as Bishop's Lynn and Lynn Regis Norfolk (ˈnɔrfək is a low-lying county in East Anglia, England, United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland [2]

After Lynn's settlement many parts of the town were set off as independent towns. Reading was created in 1644, Lynnfield in 1782, Saugus in 1815, Swampscott in 1852, and Nahant in 1853. Reading is a town situated in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, some north of central Boston. Lynnfield is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. Swampscott is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. Nahant (nəˈhɑːnt is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. Lynn incorporated as a city in 1850. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link

Colonial Lynn was a major part of the regional tannery and shoe-making industries that began in 1635. Tanning is the process of converting Putrescible skin into non-putrescible Leather, usually with Tannin, an Acidic Chemical compound The boots worn by Continental Army soldiers during the Revolutionary War were made in Lynn. The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The shoe-making industry drove urban growth in Lynn into the early nineteenth century. [2] This historic theme is reflected in the city seal, which features a colonial boot. [3]

In 1816 a mail stage coach was operating through Lynn. In 1836 23 stage coaches left the Lynn Hotel for Boston each day. Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The Eastern Railroad Line between Salem and East Boston opened on August 28, 1838(this was later merged with the Boston and Maine RR and called the Eastern Division. The Eastern Railroad was a railroad connecting Boston Massachusetts, to Portland Maine. Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Boston and Maine Railroad, also known by the abbreviation B&M, was the dominant Railroad of the northern New England region of the United In 1847 telegraph wires passed through Lynn but no telegraph service station was built till 1858 [4]

Lynn Shoe manufacturers, lead by Charles A. Coffin and Silas E. Charles Albert Coffin ( Fairfield Maine, 31 December 1844-14 July 1926 was the first President of General Electric corporation Barton, invested in the early electric industry. Specifically in 1883 with Elihu Thomson and his Thomson-Houston Electric Company. Elihu Thomson ( March 29, 1853  – March 13, 1937) was an engineer and Inventor who was instrumental in the founding The Thomson-Houston Electric Company was formed in 1883 when a group of Lynn Massachusetts investors led by Charles A That company merged with Edison Electric Company forming General Electric in 1892. Charles A. Coffin served as the first president of General Electric. Charles Albert Coffin ( Fairfield Maine, 31 December 1844-14 July 1926 was the first President of General Electric corporation Elihu Thomson later served as acting president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1920 to 1923 [5]. Elihu Thomson ( March 29, 1853  – March 13, 1937) was an engineer and Inventor who was instrumental in the founding

Initially the GE Electric plant specialized in arc lights, electric motors, and meters. Later they specialized in aircraft electrical systems and components, and aircraft engines were built in Lynn during WWII. That engine plant evolved into the current jet engine plant during WWII [6] because of research contacts at MIT in Cambridge. Gerhard Neumann was a key player in jet engine group at GE in Lynn. Gerhard Neumann ( October 8, 1917 &ndash November 2, 1997) was a German aviation engineer. . The continuous interaction of material science research at MIT and the resulting improvements in jet engine efficiency and power has kept the jet engine plant in Lynn ever since.

Like many industrialized urban areas, Lynn began a decline in 1950 with Suburbanization. Suburbanization (or suburbanisation) is a term used to describe the process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe Lynn's population peaked at 99,000 in 1950. Lynn was too far away from Route 128 to benefit significantly from the 128 technology companies.

Lynn suffered several large fires in the late 1970s and early 1980s, including a devastating inferno among former shoe factories at Broad and Washington Streets on November 28, 1981. Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 The blaze destroyed 17 downtown buildings undergoing redevelopment, with property losses totalling in the tens of millions of dollars. The site has since been largely redeveloped into a satellite campus of North Shore Community College. North Shore Community College is a two-year Community college in Danvers, Massachusetts.

Lynn remains home to some of the jet engine division of General Electric, a major employer, as well as West Lynn Creamery (now part of Dean Foods's Garelick Farms unit) and Durkee-Mower, makers of "Marshmallow Fluff. specific --->A jet engine is a Reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet of Fluid to Dean Foods is the largest dairy processor and distributor in the world Marshmallow creme is an American food item It is a very sweet spreadable Marshmallow -like confection "

Famously known as, "Lynn, Lynn: the city of sin. You never come out, the way you went in. " In the very early 1990s, the city of Lynn created an advertising campaign to improve the city's image, and help rid the town of that negative slogan. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 This was the "City Of Firsts" campaign. "Lynn Firsts" include:

Later, some of these claims were found to be inaccurate or unprovable. For example, the first air mail delivery in the U. S. occurred on Long Island, and the first baseball game under artificial light seems to have actually occurred in Indiana. Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union While the jet engine claim is legitimate, the engine was heavily based on a prior British design.

The twenty-first century

High Rock Tower in c. 1910
High Rock Tower in c. 1910

In the early 2000s, a number of new development projects have contributed to what officials hope will be the city's renaissance. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Industrial buildings that were formerly vacant have been converted into loft spaces by real estate developers, and bought by young home-buyers who seek the urban lifestyle of Boston proper, but can't afford the higher prices of Boston's South End and similar neighborhoods. Loft mainly refers to two different types of rooms It typically refers to an upper story or Attic in a Building, directly under the Roof Sadly, close to 70% of these condos remain empty and the majority were bought by local residents and did not attract, in droves, the stylish "Bostonites" the city was hoping for. Encouraged by local developer Tom Kennedy, renowned New Urbanist architect Robert Orr proposed a series of charettes for the redevelopment of Lynn's waterfront in conjunction with Lynnfield Engineering. New Urbanism is an American Urban design movement that arose in the early 1980s Robert Orr may refer to one of several people Bob Orr (poet, New Zealand poet Bobby Orr (born 1948 Canadian hockey player This plan was ultimately voted down by the city, however, City Hall is encouraging the community's resurgence with new antique-style lighting, signage, brickwork, and a multipurpose municipal football stadium. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with A modern stadium (plural stadiums or stadia in English is a place or venue for (mostly outdoor Sports Concerts or other events consisting The North Shore Spirit, a professional baseball club, played in Lynn at renovated Fraser Field through the 2007 season. The North Shore Spirit were a minor-league Baseball team based in Lynn Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 Fraser Field, in Lynn Massachusetts, was built in 1940 by the Works Progress Administration, part of President Franklin D Lynn has also become home to one of the largest Russian communities in the North Shore. The first wave of immigration began in the early 1990s when Jewish people in Russia were granted refugee status by the American government. The Great Stew Chase Road Race is a 15K (9. The Great Stew Chase is a 15K Road Race held annually in early February 3 mile) event held in early February. It is the 3rd oldest 15K race in the US.

In December of 2007, The Massachusetts Seaport Advisory Council approved $750,000 in funding at City Hall, paving the way for a commuter ferry from Lynn to Boston.

Historical Sites & Museums:

General View in 1909

Market Street in 1911

Newhall House in 1913

City Hall Square, c. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 1906

Lynn High Rise in 2006

High Rock Tower in 2006

Geography

Lynn is located at 42°28′26″N, 70°57′20″W (42. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 473996, -70. 955583). [7]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 5 square miles (34. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 9 km²), of which, 10. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 square miles (28. 0 km²) of it is land and 2. 7 square miles (6. 9 km²) of it (19. 87%) is water. Lynn is located beside Massachusetts Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Massachusetts Bay is one of the large bays of the Atlantic Ocean that form the distinctive shape of the coastline of the U

Neighborhoods

Goldfish Pond in 1905
Goldfish Pond in 1905

Lynn is loosely segmented into the following neighborhoods:

Demographics

First School House in c. 1910
First School House in c. 1910

As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 89,050 people, 33,511 households, and 21,044 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 8,233. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 7 people per square mile (3,177. 7/km²). There were 34,637 housing units at an average density of 3,202. 6/sq mi (1,236. 0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 67. 89% White, 10. 55% African American, 0. 37% Native American, 6. 43% Asian, 0. 09% Pacific Islander, 9. 82% from other races, and 4. 85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18. 40% of the population.

There were 33,511 households out of which 32. 5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39. 7% were married couples living together, 17. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37. 2% were non-families. 31. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 62 and the average family size was 3. 31.

Lynn Marshes in c. 1905
Lynn Marshes in c. 1905

In the city the population was spread out with 27. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting 0% under the age of 18, 9. 1% from 18 to 24, 31. 0% from 25 to 44, 20. 1% from 45 to 64, and 12. 8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 93. 7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89. 5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,364, and the median income for a family was $45,295. Males had a median income of $34,284 versus $27,871 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,492. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 13. 2% of families and 16. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 9% of those under age 18 and 14. 6% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Lynn is served by the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA commuter rail, and several bus routes that connect it with Boston and nearby communities like Revere. The Newburyport/Rockport Line is a branch of the MBTA Commuter Rail system running northeast from downtown Boston Massachusetts towards Cape Ann The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority ( MBTA) is "a body politic and corporate and a political subdivision" of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts The MBTA operates several local and express bus routes in the North Shore cities and towns of Massachusetts Revere is a city in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States. There are ongoing studies on the feasibility of extending the Blue Line subway to the city. The Blue Line is one of four subway lines of the MBTA. It runs from northeast to southwest extending from Wonderland station in Revere Massachusetts

A main commercial thoroughfare through southern Lynn is "The Lynnway", which carries Route 1A. Route 1A is a south-north State highway in Massachusetts. It is an alternate route to U Minor state routes include Route 129 (mostly Eastern Ave. Route 129 is an east-west Massachusetts state route that runs from Chelmsford to Marblehead. and Lynnfield St. ) and Route 107 (mostly Western Ave. Route 107 is a north-south Massachusetts State route located in northeast Massachusetts ).

Points of interest

Breakwater in 1908
Breakwater in 1908

Education

Lynn has three public high schools (Lynn English, Lynn Classical, Lynn Vocational Technical Institute ["Lynn Tech"]), four junior high schools, two alternative schools, and 18 elementary schools. Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School An alternative school (sometimes called a minischool) is an educational establishment with a curriculum and methods that are nontraditional or sometimes ultratraditional [9] They are served by the Lynn Public Schools district. There is also an independent Catholic high school, St. Mary's High School, and three religious K-8 elementary schools, two Catholic and one interdenominational Christian. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". [10]

KIPP: the Knowledge Is Power Program operates the KIPP Academy Lynn, a 5-8 charter middle school, in Lynn. KIPP, the Knowledge Is Power Program, is a nationwide network of free open-enrollment college-preparatory public schools in under-resourced communities Charter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but

Notable residents

References

  1. ^ Herbert, George. History of Lynn... 1629-1864, 1890.
  2. ^ a b About the City of Lynn, MA at City of Lynn website
  3. ^ City of Lynn official website
  4. ^ [1] History of Lynn Ch2-1814-1864 pub1890.
  5. ^ [2] Elihu Thomson Papers at the American Philosophical Society
  6. ^ [3] MassMoments GE Jet Engine Tests in Lynn
  7. ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  8. ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  9. ^ Lynn Public Schools. School Profiles. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the
  10. ^ Massachusetts Department of Education. Lynn - Directory Information. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the

External links


Alonzo Lewis (1794 - 1861 was a teacher surveyor writer Poet, reporter editor and publisher of Lynn Massachusetts. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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