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Lymphoma
Classification and external resources
Gastric MALT lymphoma
ICD-10 C81.-C96.
ICD-O: 9590-9999
MeSH D008223
This article is about lymphoma in humans. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O is a domain specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books For the disease in dogs, cats, and ferrets, see lymphoma in animals. Lymphoma in animals is a type of Cancer defined by a proliferation of Malignant Lymphocytes within solid organs such as the Lymph nodes Bone

Lymphoma is a type of solid neoplasm that originates in lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system). A lymphocyte is a type of White blood cell in the Vertebrate Immune system. An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor This is in contrast to lymphoid leukemia, which is a malignancy of circulating cells. Lymphoid leukemia (or lymphocytic leukemia) is a type of Leukemia affecting circulating cells of Lymphoid origin [1]

There are many types of lymphoma. Lymphomas are part of the broad group of diseases called hematological neoplasms. Hematological malignancies are the types of Cancer that affect Blood, Bone marrow, and Lymph nodes As the three are intimately connected through

In the 19th and 20th centuries the affliction was called Hodgkin's Disease, as it was discovered by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832. Hodgkin's lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin's disease is a type of Lymphoma first described by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832 For the British historian his nephew with the same name see Thomas Hodgkin. Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Colloquially, lymphoma is broadly categorized as Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all other types of lymphoma). Hodgkin's lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin's disease is a type of Lymphoma first described by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832 The non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a diverse group of hematologic cancers which encompass any Lymphoma other than Hodgkin lymphoma. Scientific classification of the types of lymphoma is more detailed.

Although older classifications referred to histiocytic lymphomas, these are recognized in newer classifications as of B, T or NK cell lineage. B cells are Lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response (as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response, which is governed by T cells belong to a group of White blood cells known as Lymphocytes, and play a central role in Cell-mediated immunity. Natural killer cells (or NK cells) are a type of Cytotoxic Lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the Innate immune system. Histiocytic malignancies are rare and are classified as sarcomas. A sarcoma (from the Greek 'sarx' meaning "flesh" is a Cancer of the connective or supportive tissue ( Bone, Cartilage, Fat [2]

Contents

Prevalence

According to the U. S. National Institutes of Health, lymphomas account for about five percent of all cases of cancer in the United States, and Hodgkin's lymphoma in particular accounts for less than one percent of all cases of cancer in the United States. "NIH" redirects here For other meanings of NIH see NIH (disambiguation.

Because the whole system is part of the body's immune system, patients with a weakened immune system, such as from HIV infection or from certain drugs or medication, also have a higher incidence of lymphoma. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Classification

WHO classification

The WHO Classification, published in 2001[2], is the latest classification of lymphoma and is based on the "Revised European-American Lymphoma classification" (REAL).

This system attempts to group lymphomas by cell type, i. e. , the normal cell type that most resembles the tumor. There are three large groups: the B cell, T cell, and natural killer cell tumors. B cells are Lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response (as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response, which is governed by T cells belong to a group of White blood cells known as Lymphocytes, and play a central role in Cell-mediated immunity. Natural killer cells (or NK cells) are a type of Cytotoxic Lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the Innate immune system. Other less common groups, including Hodgkin lymphoma, are also recognized. Hodgkin's lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin's disease is a type of Lymphoma first described by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832 (ICD-O codes are provided where available. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O is a domain specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems )

Mature B cell neoplasms

DNA-microarray analysis of Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) showing differences in gene expression patterns. Colors indicate levels of expression; green indicates genes that are overexpressed in normal cells compared to lymphoma cells and red indicates genes that are overexpressed in lymphoma cells compared to normal cells.
DNA-microarray analysis of Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) showing differences in gene expression patterns. Colors indicate levels of expression; green indicates genes that are overexpressed in normal cells compared to lymphoma cells and red indicates genes that are overexpressed in lymphoma cells compared to normal cells.

Mature T cell and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms

Hodgkin lymphoma

Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders

Working formulation

The Working Formulation, published in 1982, is primarily descriptive. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (also known as "chronic lymphoid leukemia" or "CLL" is a type of Leukemia, or cancer of the white blood cells ( Lymphocytes Small cell lymphoma (or small lymphocytic lymphoma) is a type of follicular B-cell lymphoma. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is a more aggressive but still treatable form of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL is a Lymphoma comprised of B-cells that replace the normal architecture of the White pulp of the Spleen Plasma cells (also called plasma B cells or plasmocytes) are cells of the Immune system that secrete large amounts of antibodies. Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahler's disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of Plasmacytoma refers to a Malignant Monoclonal Plasma cell Tumor growing within Soft tissue. MALT lymphoma is a form of Lymphoma involving the Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT frequently of the Stomach, but virtually any mucosal site can MALT lymphoma is a form of Lymphoma involving the Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT frequently of the Stomach, but virtually any mucosal site can Follicular lymphoma is the most common of the indolent Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas It is defined as a Lymphoma of follicle center B-cells ( Centrocytes Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL is one of the rarer of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs comprising about 6% of NHL cases Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DFBL is a type of aggressive Lymphoma. Masses in the anterior portion of the mediastinum can include Thymoma, Lymphoma, Pheochromocytoma and Germ cell tumors including Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL is a B-cell lymphoma. Causes It is caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV also known as human herpesvirus Burkitt lymphoma (or "Burkitt's tumor" or "Malignant lymphoma Burkitt's type" is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular B lymphocytes T-cell-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL is a mature T-cell Leukemia with aggressive behavior and predilection for Blood, Bone marrow, T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia is a disease that exhibits an unexplained chronic (> 6 months elevation in large granular Lymphocytes (LGLs in the peripheral Mycosis fungoides (also known as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides is the most common form of Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Sézary's disease (often named Sézary syndrome) is a type of cutaneous Lymphoma which was first described by Albert Sézary Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP is a rare Skin disorder. The overall prevalence rate of lymphomatoid papulosis is estimated at 1 Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome It is still occasionally used, but has been superseded by the WHO classification, above.

Low grade

Intermediate grade

High grade

Miscellaneous

Other classification systems

Diagnosis, etiology, staging, prognosis, and treatment

See separate links to Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (also known as "chronic lymphoid leukemia" or "CLL" is a type of Leukemia, or cancer of the white blood cells ( Lymphocytes A Lymph node ( lɪmf noʊd is an organ consisting of many types of cells and is a part of the Lymphatic system. Large cell is a term used in Oncology. It doesn't refer to a particular type of cell rather it refers to cells that are larger than would be normally expected for that type Lymphoblasts are immature cells which typically differentiate to form mature Lymphocytes Normally lymphoblasts are found in the bone marrow but in Acute lymphoblastic Burkitt lymphoma (or "Burkitt's tumor" or "Malignant lymphoma Burkitt's type" is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular B lymphocytes Mycosis fungoides (also known as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides is the most common form of Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A histiocyte is a cell that is part of the human Immune system. Plasmacytoma refers to a Malignant Monoclonal Plasma cell Tumor growing within Soft tissue. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O is a domain specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems The Internet Archive ( IA) is a Nonprofit organization dedicated to maintaining an on-line Library and archive of Web and A dead link (also called a broken link or dangling link) is a link on the World Wide Web that points to a Web page or server The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases Hodgkin's lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin's disease is a type of Lymphoma first described by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832 The non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a diverse group of hematologic cancers which encompass any Lymphoma other than Hodgkin lymphoma.

Genetics

Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is environmentally induced as a result of the consumption of Triticeae glutens. Triticeae glutens are seed storage Proteins found in mature seeds of grass tribe Triticeae. In gluten sensitive individuals with EATL 68% are homozygotes of the DQB1*02 subtype at the HLA-DQB1 locus (serotype DQ2). [3] (See Coeliac Disease, HLA-DQ, HLA DR3-DQ2)

See also

References

  1. ^ Parham, Peter (2005). Coeliac HLA-DQ (DQ is a cell surface receptor type Protein found on Antigen presenting cells DQ is an αβ Heterodimer of the MHC Class II type HLA DR3-DQ2 is double Serotype that specifically recognizes cells from individuals who carry a multigene HLA DR, DQ haplotype Hodgkin's lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin's disease is a type of Lymphoma first described by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832 The non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a diverse group of hematologic cancers which encompass any Lymphoma other than Hodgkin lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma is the most common of the indolent Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas It is defined as a Lymphoma of follicle center B-cells ( Centrocytes Burkitt lymphoma (or "Burkitt's tumor" or "Malignant lymphoma Burkitt's type" is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular B lymphocytes Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL is one of the rarer of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs comprising about 6% of NHL cases Primary gastric lymphoma ( Lymphoma that originates in the stomach itself is an uncommon condition accounting for less than 15% of gastric malignancies and about 2% of Mycosis fungoides (also known as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides is the most common form of Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL is a type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma that features in the World Health Organisation ( WHO) classification of Lymphomas The Mucosa -associated lymphoid tissue (MALT (also called Mucosa -associated lymphatic tissue is the diffuse system of small concentrations of Lymphoid tissue Primary CNS lymphoma is a primary intracranial tumor usually present in those with severe immunosuppression --- commonly in those with AIDS --- and represents Ann Arbor staging is the staging system for Lymphomas both in Hodgkin's lymphoma (previously called Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma The International Prognostic Index (IPI is a clinical tool developed by oncologists to aid in predicting the Prognosis of patients with aggressive Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma The immune system. New York: Garland Science, 414. ISBN 0-8153-4093-1.  
  2. ^ a b Pathology and Genetics of Haemo (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours S. ). Oxford Univ Pr. ISBN 92-832-2411-6.  
  3. ^ Al-Toma A, Verbeek WH, Hadithi M, von Blomberg BM, Mulder CJ (2007). "Survival in Refractory Coeliac Disease and Enteropathy associated T cell Lymphoma: Retrospective evaluation of single centre experience": 1373. doi:10.1136/gut.2006.114512. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 17470479.  

External links

Information

Charities

Statistics

Dictionary

lymphoma

-noun

  1. (oncology, pathology) A malignant tumor that arises in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue.
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