| Lyman Louis Lemnitzer | |
|---|---|
| August 29, 1899 – November 12, 1988 (aged 89) | |
 General Lyman Louis Lemnitzer, US Army (Ret. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) ) | |
| Place of birth | Honesdale, Pennsylvania |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1920-1969 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands held | Chief of Staff of the United States Army Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Supreme Allied Commander, NATO |
| Battles/wars | World War II Korean War |
| Awards | Army Distinguished Service Medal (3) Navy Distinguished Service Medal Air Force Distinguished Service Medal |
| Other work | Rockefeller Commission |
Lyman Louis Lemnitzer (August 29, 1899 – November 12, 1988) was an American Army general, who served as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1960 to 1962. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The Chief of Staff of the United States Army ( CSA) is the highest ranking officer in the United States Army and is member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ( CJCS) is by law the highest ranking military officer overall in the United States Armed Supreme Allied Commander is the title held by the most senior commander within certain multinational military alliances The North Atlantic Treaty World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the This article concerns the United States Army Distinguished Service Medal The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military award of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919 The Air Force Distinguished Service Medal was created by an act of the United States Congress on July 6, 1960. The Silver Star is the third highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of any branch of the United States Armed Forces. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding The Bundeswehr Crosses & Medal of Honor (Ehrenzeichen der Bundeswehr is a decoration of the Bundeswehr, the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany for The US President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States was set up under President Gerald Ford in 1975 to investigate the activities of the Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ( CJCS) is by law the highest ranking military officer overall in the United States Armed He then served Supreme Allied Commander, NATO from 1963 to 1969. Supreme Allied Commander is the title held by the most senior commander within certain multinational military alliances The North Atlantic Treaty
Contents |
Biography
Lemnitzer was born on August 29, 1899 in Honesdale, Pennsylvania. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Honesdale is the County seat of Wayne County Pennsylvania and is located 32 miles (52 km northeast of Scranton. He graduated from West Point in 1920 and was assigned at his request to a Coast Artillery unit. "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, Lemnitzer served in the Philippines but soon began receiving the staff assignments that marked his military career. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP
Lemnitzer was promoted to Brigadier General in June 1942 and assigned to General Eisenhower's staff shortly thereafter. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general He helped form the plans for the invasions of North Africa and Sicily and was promoted to Major General in November 1944. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries Lemnitzer was one of the senior officers sent to negotiate the Italian surrender during the secret Operation Sunrise and the German surrender in 1945. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest During World War II, Operation Crossword or Operation Sunrise was a series of secret negotiations conducted in March 1945 in Switzerland between representatives Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. He would later be accused of making it possible for some Nazis to elude investigations for war crimes. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied
Following the end of World War II, Lemnitzer was assigned to the Strategic Survey Committee of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and was later named as Deputy Commandant of the National War College. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Joint Chiefs of Staff ( JCS) is a group comprising the Chiefs of service of each major branch of the Armed services in the United States armed forces The National War College (NWC of the United States is a school in the National Defense University. In 1950, at the age of 51, he took parachute training and was subsequently placed in command of the 11th Airborne Division. A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag. He was assigned to Korea in command of the 7th Infantry Division in November 1951 and was promoted to Lieutenant General in August 1952. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the The 7th Infantry Division, nicknamed Lightfighters or Bayonet was an infantry division of the United States Army. This article is about a United States military rank For other countries that use a similar rank see Lieutenant General.
Lemnitzer was promoted to the rank of General and named Commander of U. S. Army Forces in the Far East and of the 8th Army in March 1955. He was named Chief of Staff of the Army in July 1957 and he was appointed as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in September 1960. As Chairman, Lemnitzer weathered the Bay of Pigs crisis and the early years of American involvement in Vietnam. The Bay of Pigs Invasion (aka Playa Girón) was an unsuccessful attempt by a U The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia He was also required to testify before the United States Senate Foreign Affairs Committee about his knowledge of the activities of Major General Edwin Walker, an extreme racist who had been dismissed from the Army over alleged attempts to promote his beliefs in the military. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Major General Edwin Anderson Walker ( November 10, 1909 &ndash October 31, 1993) of the U List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that
Lemnitzer approved the plans known as Operation Northwoods in 1962, a proposed plan to discredit the Castro regime and create support for military action against Cuba by staging false flag and other criminal acts of terrorism. Operation Northwoods, or Northwoods, was a False flag Conspiracy plan proposed within the United States government in 1962 Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Lemnitzer presented the plans to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara on March 13, 1962. Robert Strange McNamara (born June 9 1916 in Oakland, California) is an American business executive and former United States Secretary of Defense It is unclear how McNamara reacted, but three days later President Kennedy told the general that there was no chance that America would take military action against Cuba. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Within a few months, after the denial of Operation Northwoods, Lemnitzer was denied another term as JCS chairman. [1]
In November 1962, Lemnitzer was appointed as Commander of U. S. Forces in Europe, and as Supreme Allied Commander of NATO in January 1963. Supreme Allied Commander is the title held by the most senior commander within certain multinational military alliances The North Atlantic Treaty [2] This period encompassed the Cyprus crisis of 1963-1964 and the withdrawal of NATO forces from France in 1966. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
Anti-Communist Efforts & Operation Northwoods
Lemnitzer had a passionate hatred for Communists and the "liberal" politicians that he felt were in office during the presidency of John F. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Kennedy. He was a strong proponent of a staging a full-scale military invasion of Cuba, and then keeping all of its inhabitants under a state of martial law until they began to accept U. S. doctrine. When his suggestions were repeatedly denied in favor of more covert CIA programs based around espionage and propaganda, he began making proposals to attack U. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all S. citizens and servicemen, and blame it on Cuba, in order to garner public support for a military invasion. One such proposal, known as Operation Northwoods involved such ideas as firing mortar rounds into U. Operation Northwoods, or Northwoods, was a False flag Conspiracy plan proposed within the United States government in 1962 S. military bases, switching a real plane for a remote controlled plane and blowing it up remotely - blaming it on Cuba, or sinking a U. S. naval vessel stationed near Cuba. The sinking of a vessel has been interpreted as involving real casualties but another interpretation is that the vessel should be unmanned. This latter interpretation is supported by a closer reading of the declassified Northwood Joint Chiefs of Staff report which mentions mock victims and the use of drones. Ultimately most of his plans were rejected by the Kennedy Administration.
Awards and decorations
Lemnitzer was awarded numerous military awards and decorations[3] including but not limited to:
  | Army Distinguished Service Medal (with three oak leaf clusters) |
 | Navy Distinguished Service Medal |
 | Air Force Distinguished Service Medal |
 | Silver Star |
 | Legion of Merit (Officer) and (Legionnaire) degrees |
 | American Defense Service Medal |
  | European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (with two campaign stars) |
 | American Campaign Medal |
 | World War II Victory Medal |
 | Army of Occupation Medal |
 | National Defense Service Medal |
 | Korean Service Medal (with two service stars) |
Foreign decorations
- British Order of the British Empire
- French Médaille militaire
- French Croix de guerre
- German Bundeswehr Cross of Honour in Gold
- United Nations Service Medal
- Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation
Retirement
Lemnitzer retired from the military in July 1969. This article concerns the United States Army Distinguished Service Medal An oak leaf cluster or oakleaves is a common device which is placed on U The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military award of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919 The Air Force Distinguished Service Medal was created by an act of the United States Congress on July 6, 1960. The Silver Star is the third highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of any branch of the United States Armed Forces. The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding The American Defense Service Medal is a decoration of the United States military which was created in 1941 by Executive Order of President Franklin Roosevelt The European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal is a military decoration of the United States armed forces which was first created on November 6 The American Campaign Medal was a military decoration of the United States armed forces which was first created on November 6, 1942 by The World War II Victory Medal is a decoration of the United States military which was created by an act of Congress in July 1945. The Army of Occupation Medal is a military decoration of the United States military which was established by the United States War Department in The National Defense Service Medal is a military decoration of the United States military originally commissioned by President Dwight D The Korean Service Medal (KSM is a decoration of the United States military and was created in November 1950 by executive order of President The Parachutist Badge, also commonly referred to as "Jump Wings" or "Snow Cone" is a military badge of the United States Armed Forces which The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Médaille militaire (Military Medal is a decoration of the French Republic which was first instituted in 1852. The Croix de Guerre (sometimes lowercase in French Croix de guerre, meaning "Cross of War" is a military decoration of both France and The Bundeswehr Crosses & Medal of Honor (Ehrenzeichen der Bundeswehr is a decoration of the Bundeswehr, the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany for The United Nations Service Medal for Korea is an International military decoration which was established by the United Nations on December 12, 1950 Please see " Presidential Unit Citation " for other nations' versions of this award The Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation In 1975, President Ford appointed Lemnitzer to the Commission on CIA Activities within the United States (aka the Rockefeller Commission) to investigate whether the Central Intelligence Agency had committed acts that violated American laws and allegations that E. Howard Hunt and Frank Sturgis (of Watergate fame) were involved in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President The US President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States was set up under President Gerald Ford in 1975 to investigate the activities of the near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all Everette Howard Hunt Jr ( October 9 1918 – January 23 2007) was an American Author and spy. Frank Anthony Sturgis (December 9 1924 – December 4 1993 born Frank Angelo Fiorini, was one of the Watergate burglars The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of
Lemnitzer died on November 12, 1988 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War His wife, Katherine Tryon Lemnitzer (1901-1994), is buried with him. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
Lemnitzer was played by John Seitz in the 1991 film, by Oliver Stone JFK. William Oliver Stone (born 15 September) is an American Film director and Screenwriter. JFK is a 1991 American film directed by Oliver Stone. The film was released on December 20 1991
See also
References
- ^ ABC News: U.S. Military Wanted to Provoke War With Cuba
- ^ Lyman L. Lemnitzer, General, United States Army. Operation Northwoods, or Northwoods, was a False flag Conspiracy plan proposed within the United States government in 1962 McCarthyism is a term describing the intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States in a period that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s arlingtoncemetery. net.
- ^ Richard Nixon: Remarks on Presenting the Distinguished Service Medals of the Army, Navy, and Air Force to General Lyman L. Lemnitzer. - July 11th, 1969
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor | Chief of Staff of the United States Army 1959—1960 | Succeeded by Gen. General Maxwell Davenport Taylor ( August 26, 1901 &ndash April 19, 1987) was an American Soldier and Diplomat The Chief of Staff of the United States Army ( CSA) is the highest ranking officer in the United States Army and is member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff George Decker |
| Preceded by Gen. General George Henry Decker ( February 16, 1902 &ndash February 6, 1980) was Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1960 to 1962 Nathan F. Twining | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1960—1962 | Succeeded by Gen. Nathan Farragut Twining (TWI-ning ( October 11, 1897 - March 29, 1982) was a United States Air Force General, born The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ( CJCS) is by law the highest ranking military officer overall in the United States Armed Maxwell D. Taylor |
| Preceded by Gen. General Maxwell Davenport Taylor ( August 26, 1901 &ndash April 19, 1987) was an American Soldier and Diplomat Lauris Norstad | Supreme Allied Commander Europe (NATO) 1963—1969 | Succeeded by Gen. Lauris Norstad (1907&ndash September 12, 1988) was an American General in the United States Army Air Forces and United States Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe ( SHAPE) is the central command of NATO Military forces The North Atlantic Treaty Andrew Goodpaster |
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