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Lydia Child
Lydia Child

Lydia Maria Child (February 11, 1802 – July 7, 1880) was an American abolitionist, women's rights activist, opponent of American expansionism, Indian rights activist, novelist, and journalist. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies In general expansionism consists of expansionist policies While some have linked the term to promoting Economic growth (in contrast to no growth / Sustainable policies

She is perhaps most remembered for her poem, Over the River and Through the Woods. "Over the River and Through the Woods" is a song written by Lydia Maria Child in 1844. (Her grandfather's house, restored by Tufts University in 1976, still stands near the Mystic River on South Street in Medford, Massachusetts. Grandfather's house, at 114 South Street Medford, Massachusetts, ( Google maps link is the original house named in the well known American song " The Mystic River is the name of a short river in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Medford is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States, on the Mystic River, just a few miles north of Boston. )

Contents

Early life

She was born in Medford, Massachusetts, to Susannah Rand Francis and Convers Francis. Medford is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States, on the Mystic River, just a few miles north of Boston. Child received her education at a local dame school and later at a women’s seminary. Upon the death of her mother, she went to live with her older sister in Maine where she studied to be a teacher. During this time, her brother, Convers, a Unitarian minister, who had been educated at Harvard College and Seminary, saw to his younger sister’s education in literary masters such as Homer and Milton. She was the wife of Boston lawyer David Lee Child whose political activism and involvement in reform introduced his wife to the social reforms of Indian rights and Garrisonian abolitionism. . She was a long-time friend of Margaret Fuller and frequent participant in Fuller's "conversations" held at Elizabeth Palmer Peabody's North Street bookstore in Boston. Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli (May 23 1810 – July 19 1850 was a Journalist, Critic and Women's rights activist associated with the American Elizabeth Palmer Peabody ( May 16, 1804 - January 3, 1894) was an American educator who opened the first English-language Kindergarten

Abolitionism and Women's Rights Movements

She was a women's rights activist, but did not believe significant progress for women could be made until after the abolition of slavery. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another She believed that white women and slaves were similar in that white men held both groups in subjugation and treated them as property instead of individual human beings. Despite the fact that she worked towards equality for women, Child made her opinion known that she did not care for all-female societies. She believed that women would be able to achieve more by working alongside men. Child, along with many other female abolitionists, began campaigning for equal female membership in the American Anti-Slavery Society, a controversy which would later split the movement. Her 1833 book An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans argued in favor of the immediate emancipation of the slaves without compenstation to slaveholders, and she is sometimes said to have been the first white person to have written a book in support of this policy. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies


Child, a strong supporter and organizer in anti-slavery societies, helped with fundraising efforts to finance the first anti-slavery fair, which abolitionists held in Boston in 1834. In 1839, she was elected to the executive committee of the American Anti-Slavery Society, and became editor of the society's National Anti-Slavery Standard in 1841. The American Anti-Slavery Society (1833-1870 was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. Child also served as a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society’s executive board alongside Lucretia Mott and Maria Weston Chapman during the 1840s and 1850s. Lucretia Coffin Mott ( January 3, 1793 – November 11, 1880) was an American Quaker minister, Abolitionist, Maria Weston or Maria Weston Chapman ( July 24, 1806 &ndash1885 was an American Abolitionist. In the end, however, Child made the decision to leave the paper because she refused to promote violence as an acceptable weapon for battling slavery. The abolitionists’ inability to work together as a cohesive unit angered Child. The constant bickering amongst them caused a permanent estrangement which forever separated Child from the AASS. In quotes, Child stated that she believed herself to be finished with the cause forever. She did continue to write for many newspapers and periodicals during the 1840s, and she promoted greater equality for women. However, because of her negative experience with the AASS she never fought outright for women’s rights or suffrage movements in organized movements or societies again.

In the 1850s Child responded to the Senate beating of her good friend Charles Sumner by writing her poem entitled “The Kansas Emigrants. Charles Sumner (January 6 1811 &ndash March 11 1874 was an American politician and statesman from Massachusetts. ” The outbreak of violence in Kansas brought about a certain change in Child’s opinion of the use of violence. She along with Angelina Grimke, who had both been proponents for peace, now acknowledged the need for the use of violence to protect antislavery emigrants in Kansas. Angelina Grimke may refer to Angelina Weld Grimke (1880-1958 a journalist and poet Angelina Emily Grimke (1805-1879 an American abolitionist Child also sympathized with the radical abolitionist John Brown. John Brown may refer to Politicians American (Listed in alphabetical order by state office John Y While she did not condone his zealous use of violence, she deeply admired his courage and conviction and even wrote to Virginia Governor Henry A. Wise offering her services at Brown’s sickbed. Henry Alexander Wise ( December 3, 1806 September 12, 1876) was an American statesman from Virginia. In 1861, Child helped Harriet Ann Jacobs, with her Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Harriet Ann Jacobs ( 1813 - March 7, 1897) was an American Abolitionist and writer

Indian's Rights work

During the 1860s, Child wrote pamphlets on Indian rights. Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was completed in 1869 The most prominent, An Appeal for the Indians (1868), called upon government officials, as well as religious leaders, to bring justice to American Indians. Her presentation sparked Peter Cooper's interest in Indian issues, and led to the founding of the US Board of Indian Commissioners and the subsequent Peace Policy in the administration of Ulysses S. Grant. Peter Cooper ( February 12, 1791 &ndash April 4, 1883) was an American Industrialist, Inventor, Philanthropist Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States


She died in Wayland, Massachusetts, aged 78. Wayland is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.

Publications

References

External links

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