- This article is about Lyceum as school or as public hall. Lyceum can also be short for Lyceum Theatre. For the blogging platform, see Lyceum (software). This article is about the blogging software Lyceum For the conferencing system developed by Open University, see Lyceum (synchronous CMC software For the Open University synchronous CMC software see Lyceum (synchronous CMC software)
A Lyceum can be
- an educational institution (often a school of secondary education in Europe), or
- a public hall used for cultural events like concerts. Lyceum is a synchronous Computer-mediated communication (CMC Software which allows groups of people to speak to one another in real time over the Internet Types of educational institution include Higher education College Career college A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" Australia See also Education Several things are commonly known as Halls or halls. For the development of meaning of the word 'hall' see Hall (concept. A concert is a live Performance, usually of Music, before an Audience.
- the Lyceum mt (Λύκαιον Όρος). The holy mount of the Arcadians.
The precise usage of the term varies among various countries.
(See also Lyceum Movement for a discussion of the lyceum movement and its participants in the United States. The lyceum movement in the United States was a trend in architecture inspired by (or at least named for Aristotle 's Lyceum in ancient Greece )
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Ancient Greek Lyceum (word origins)
The Lyceum (Greek: Λύκειον, Lykeion) was a gymnasium located just outside the walls of ancient Athens, most famous for its association with Aristotle. The Peripatetics were members of a school of philosophy in Ancient Greece. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The gymnasium in Ancient Greece functioned as a training facility for competitors in public Games It was also a place for socializing and engaging in intellectual Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. The Lyceum was an important early milestone in the development of Western science and philosophy and was named for its sanctuary to Apollo Lykeios [1] dates from before the 6th century BC. A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC.
Aristotle founded his famous school there in 335 BCE and walked in the Lyceum's stoae and grounds as he lectured, surrounded by a throng of students, so the philosophical school he founded was called the Peripatetics. Events By place Greece Returning to Macedonia by way of Delphi (where the Pythian priestess acclaims him "invincible" Stoa (plural stoae or stoæ) in Ancient Greek architecture; covered walkways or Porticos commonly for public usage The Peripatetics were members of a school of philosophy in Ancient Greece. Aristotle was the head of his school until 322 BCE when he fled to Macedon after a charge of impiety was made against him. Events By place Macedonian Empire In Babylon, the struggle for the succession to Alexander the Great develops Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most Theophrastus served as the second head of the school. Theophrastus ( Greek:; 371 – c 287 BC a Greek native of Eressos in Lesbos, was the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic Later heads include Strato of Lampsacus and Alexander of Aphrodisias. Strato of Lampsacus (c 335-c 269 BC was an Peripatetic Philosopher, who was mainly interested in Physics, and was the third director of the Lyceum Alexander of Aphrodisias was the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle.
The school was sacked by Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla in 86 BCE, but it was later rebuilt. Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix ( Latin: L•CORNELIVS•L•F•P•N•SVLLA•FELIX (c Year 86 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome First Mithridatic War The precise date at which the Lyceum ceased to be used is not known. The location of the complex was lost for centuries, until it was rediscovered in 1996, during excavations for the new Museum of Modern Art. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Recovery of the site was a goal for modern Greek national identity. "We have now, here, in Athens, the main proof about the historical continuity of the Hellenic cultural heritage," said Cultural Minister Evangelos Venizelos.
It is worth noting that Aristotle's Lyceum was built on the site of the Temple of Apollo of Lyceus - the protector of the flock against the wolf (lycos).
Lyceums of the Russian Empire
In Imperial Russia, a Lyceum was one of the following higher educational facilities: Demidov Lyceum of Law in Yaroslavl (1803), Alexander Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo (1810), Richelieu lyceum in Odessa (1817), and Imperial Katkov Lyceum in Moscow (1867). Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Yaroslavl (Яросла́вль is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located north-east of Moscow. Tsarskoye Selo (Ца́рское Село́ " Tsar 's Village" is a former Russian residence of the imperial family and visiting ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov (Михаи́л Ники́форович Катко́в (1818-1887 was a conservative Russian journalist influential during the reign Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of
The Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was opened on October 19, 1811 in the neoclassical building designed by Vasily Stasov and situated next to the Catherine Palace. The Imperial Lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo near Saint Petersburg was founded by the Emperor Alexander I with the object of educating youths of Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and Vasily Petrovich Stasov (Russian Василий Петрович Стасов (1769&ndash1848 Russian Architect, extensively travelled in France The Catherine Palace (Екатерининский дворец is the Rococo summer residence of the Russian The first graduates were all brilliant and included Aleksandr Pushkin and Alexander Gorchakov. Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (16 July 1798 11 March 1883 was a Russian statesman from the Gorchakov princely family The opening date was celebrated each year with carousals and revels, and Pushkin composed new verses for each of those occasions. In January 1844 the Lyceum was moved to Saint Petersburg. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River
During 33 years of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum's existence, there were 286 graduates. The most famous of these were Anton Delwig, Wilhelm Küchelbecher, Nicholas de Giers, Dmitry Tolstoy, Yakov Karlovich Grot, Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky, Alexei Lobanov-Rostovsky and Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. Baron Anton Antonovich Delvig (Анто́н Анто́нович Де́львиг ( Moscow -, St Wilhelm Küchelbecker (or Küchelbecher; Вильгельм Карлович Кюхельбекер ( June 21, 1797 - August 23, 1846 Nikolay Karlovich Giers (1820-1895 was a Russian Foreign Minister during the reign of Alexander III. Count Dmitry Andreyevich Tolstoy (Дми́трий Андре́евич Толсто́й ( March 13, 1823 &ndash May 7, 1889) was a Russian Yakov Karlovich Grot (Я́ков Ка́рлович Грот (1812&ndash1893 was a nineteenth-century Russian philologist of Swedish extraction who worked at the University Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky ( 28 November 1822 &ndash 7 November 1885) was a Russian naturalist, economist, Mikhail Yevgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin (Михаил Евграфович Салтыков-Щедрин in Spas-Ugol village Tver guverniya &ndash - in
Lyceums also emerged in the former Soviet Union countries after they became independent. One typical example is Uzbekistan, where all high schools where replaced with lyceums ("litsey" is the Russian term, derived from French "lycee"), offering three-year educational program with a certain major in certain direction. Unlike Turkey, Uzbek lyceums do not hold University entrance examination, which gives students the right to enter a University, but they hold a kind of "mock examination" which is designed to test their eligibility for a certain University.
Lyceums in today's education
The term lyceum is still used in some (mostly European) countries when referring to a type of school.
Chile
Liceo is the term used for a secondary education public school, it lasts 4 years. It is mandatory to complete it for every citizen.
Czech Republic
The term lyceum refers to the type of secondary education consisting of 4 years ended by graduation. It is a type between grammar school and a technical high school.
Greece & Cyprus
The word lyceum is in use for upper secondary education (Greek: Ενιαίο Λύκειο, Geniko Lykeio "General Lyceum"), comparable to the last two or three years of American high school (upper secondary) classes in Greece and Cyprus. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía
France
The French word for an upper secondary school, lycée, derives from Lyceum. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people (see Secondary education in France. )
Finland
The concept and name lyceum (or lyseo in Finnish) entered Finland through Sweden. Traditionally, lyceums were schools to prepare students to enter universities, as opposed to the typical, more general education. Some old schools continue to use the name lyceum, though their operations today vary. For example, Helsinki Normal Lyceum educates students in grades 7-12, while Oulu Lyceum enrolls students only in grades 10-12. The more commonly used term for upper secondary school in Finland is lukio.
Italy
The Italian word for an upper secondary school, liceo, derives from Lyceum. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. (see Secondary education in Italy) The word for some kinds of secondary schools: liceo classico (specializing in classical studies, including Latin, Ancient Greek and English for 5 years), liceo scientifico (specializing in scientific studies, and with Latin and English for 5 years), liceo artistico (specializing in art subjects, with English for 5 years), liceo linguistico (specializing in foreign languages: Two foreign languages for 5 years and a third foreign language for the last 3 years). Liceo classico is a Secondary school type in Italy. It lasts 5 years (about 14-19 years age students Liceo scientifico (in Italian, Scientific High School) is a Secondary school type in Italy. It lasts 5 years between 14 and 18 years of age.
Malta
Junior lyceums refer to secondary education state owned schools.
Philippines
There is a major university in the City of Manila called LYCEUM. Its complete name is Lyceum of the Philippines University. The Lyceum of the Philippines University (LPU is an institute of higher education located in Intramuros, Manila. It can also be called on the acronym LPU. Its branches also bear the name "Lyceum". There are other schools that are not affiliated with LPU but has the word "Lyceum" in their names. Thus, it can also be used to name any educational instititution. However, LPU is the original bearer of the name and still has the word pertained to it.
Poland
The Polish word for a secondary education facility, liceum, also derives from that term. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Polish liceums are attended by children ages from 16 to 19 or 21 (see list below). At their end students are subject to a final exam called matura. Matura (Matur Maturita Maturità Maturität матура is the word commonly used in Austria, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria
Polish liceums can be divided into several types:
- general lyceum (16-19)
- specialised lyceum (16-19)
- complementary lyceum (18-21)
Portugal
In the Portuguese educational system in the early 1970s, the Lyceum (Portuguese: Liceu), or National Lyceum (Portuguese: Liceu Nacional), was a high school that prepared students to enter universities or more general education. Liceum Ogólnokształcące is the Polish high school They are attended by those who plan to attend university or who do not have any desire to pursue a specialized career (see below Liceum Ogólnokształcące is the Polish high school They are attended by those who plan to attend university or who do not have any desire to pursue a specialized career (see below Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Education in Portugal is regulated by the State through two ministries - the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science Technology and Higher Education This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution Higher education in Portugal is divided into two main subsystems University and Polytechnic education On the other hand the Industrial school (Portuguese: Escola Industrial) was a technical-oriented school. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. After several Education reforms, all these schools merged into a single system of Secundary Schools (Portuguese: Escolas Secundárias), offering grades 7 to 12. Education reform is a plan or movement which attempts to bring about a systematic change in Educational theory or practice across a Community or Society Australia See also Education Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Educational stages vary around the world Some countries describe the different stages in years whereas other countries use a system of grades
Turkey
The Turkish word for the latest part of pre-university education is lise which is derived from the Greek word Λύκειον (Lyceum) and corresponds to "high school" in English. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. It lasts 3 to 5 years with respect to the type of the high school. At the end of their "lise" education, students take the ÖSS test (Öğrenci Seçme Sınavı), i. ÖSS or Ögrenci Seçme Sınavı (Student Selection Exam is the University Entrance Exam in Turkey administered by ÖSYM. e. university entrance examination, to get the right to enroll in a university.
Romania
The Romanian term is liceu and it represents a post-secondary, pre-university educational institution. It is more specialized than secondary school. Certain specialized lyceum diplomas are enough to find a job.
References
External links
- Lyceum University (Wikipedia article)
- Article on The Lyceum at the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Polish System of Education
- The Lyceum: Open Discussion Forum
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