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The city of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg, German: Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (Luxembourgish: Stad Lëtzebuerg, French: Ville de Luxembourg, German: Luxemburg Stadt), is a commune with city status, and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. As of 2008 there are a total of 878 World Heritage Sites located in 145 "State Parties" Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. Asia Minor, Cyprus, all of the Aegean Islands, the Canaries A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Luxembourgish (lb Lëtzebuergesch Luxembourgeois Luxemburgisch Luxemburgs Lussimbordjwès also called Luxembourgian, also spelled Luxemburgish, is one of The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Luxembourgish (lb Lëtzebuergesch Luxembourgeois Luxemburgisch Luxemburgs Lussimbordjwès also called Luxembourgian, also spelled Luxemburgish, is one of French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The communes of Luxembourg (Gemengen Gemeinden are the lowest nation-wide Administrative division in Luxembourg. There are twelve cities in Luxembourg, as defined by Statute. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by It is located at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg and contains the historic Luxembourg Castle, established by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, about which the area grew up. Confluence, in Geography, describes the meeting of two or more Bodies of water. The Alzette (Uelzecht Alzig is a River with a length of 73 kilometers in France and Luxembourg. The Pétrusse (Péitruss Petruss is a River flowing through Luxembourg, joining the Alzette at Luxembourg City. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The Early Middle Ages is a period in the History of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500
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As of 2007, the commune of Luxembourg City has a population of 83,820 , which is almost three times the population of the second most populous commune. The city's metropolitan population, including that of surrounding communes of Hesperange, Sandweiler, Strassen, and Walferdange, is 103,973. Hesperange (Hesper Hesperingen is a commune and town in southern Luxembourg. Sandweiler is a commune and town in southern Luxembourg. It is located east of Luxembourg City. Strassen (Stroossen is a commune and town in central Luxembourg. Walferdange ( Luxembourgish: Walfer, German: Walferdingen) is a commune and small town in central Luxembourg. Luxembourg City lies at the heart of Western Europe, situated 188 km (117 miles) from Brussels, 289 km (179 miles) from Paris, 190 km (118 miles) from Cologne. Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city [1]
Luxembourg City is one of the wealthiest cities in the world, having developed into a banking and administrative centre. Luxembourg is a seat of several institutions of the European Union, including the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Auditors, and the European Investment Bank. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in This article refers to the European Union court not the European Court of Human Rights of the Council of Europe The Court of Justice The European Court of Auditors is the fifth institution of the European Union (EU The European Investment Bank ( Banque Européenne d'Investissement) is the European Union 's long-term lending institution established in 1958 under the Treaty
History
In the Roman era, a fortified tower guarded the crossing of two Roman roads that met at the site of Luxembourg city. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news Through an exchange treaty with the abbey of Saint Maximin in Trier in 963, Siegfried I of the Ardennes, a close relative of King Louis II of France and Emperor Otto the Great, acquired the feudal lands of Luxembourg. For the Roman emperors Maximinus see Maximinus Thrax or Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus. Trier (Trèves Luxembourgish: Tréier; Augusta Treverorum is a City in Germany on the banks of the Moselle River. Siegfried or Sigefroy (c922&ndash 28 Oct 998) is considered the first Count of Luxembourg. For the political subdivision of France see Ardennes (department. Louis the Stammerer ( November 1, 846 — April 10, 879; Louis le Bègue) was the eldest son of Charles the Bald and Otto I the Great ( 23 November 912 &ndash 7 May 973) son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke Siegfried built his castle, named Lucilinburhuc ("small castle"), on the Bock Fiels ("rock"), mentioned for the first time in the aforementioned exchange treaty.
In 987 Egbert, Archbishop of Trier blessed five altars in the Church of the Redemption (today St. Michael's Church). Michael (מִיכָאֵל Micha'el or Mîkhā'ēl; Μιχαήλ Mikhaíl; Michael or Míchaël; ميخائيل Mikhā'īl) is an At a Roman road intersection near the church, a marketplace appeared around which the city developed.
The city, for reasons of its location and natural geography, has through history been a place of strategic military significance. The first fortifications were built as early as the 10th century. By the end of the 12th century, as the city expanded westward around the new St. Nicholas Church (today the cathedral of Notre Dame), new walls were built that included an area of 50,000 m². Saint Nicholas (Άγιος Νικόλαος, Agios Nikolaos, "victory of the people" is the common name for Nicholas of Myra, a Christian Saint Notre-Dame Cathedral (Kathedral Notre-Dame Cathédrale Notre-Dame Kathedrale unserer lieben Frau is the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Luxembourg City,
In about 1340, under the reign of John the Blind, new fortifications were built that stood until 1867. John the Blind ( Luxembourgish: Jang de Blannen; German: Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg
In 1443, the Burgundians under Philip the Good conquered Luxembourg. Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) Philip the Good (Philippe le Bon also Philip III Duke of Burgundy ( July 31, 1396 &ndash June 15, 1467) was Duke of Burgundy Luxembourg became part of the Burgundian, and later Spanish and Austrian empires (See Spanish Netherlands and Spanish road) and under those Hapsburg administrations Luxembourg Castle was repeatedly strengthened so that by the 16th century, Luxembourg itself was one of the strongest fortifications in Europe. The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The Southern Netherlands (Zuidelijke Nederlanden Países Bajos del Sur Pays-Bas du sud were a part of the Low Countries controlled by Spain ( Spanish The " Spanish Road " was a military supply/trade route used from 1567–1620 which stretched from Northern Italy to the Low Countries. Subsequently, the Burgundians, the Spanish, the French, the Spanish again, the Austrians, the French again, and the Prussians conquered Luxembourg. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising
In the 17th century, the first casemates were built; initially, Spain built 23 km of tunnels, starting in 1644. A casemate, sometimes rendered casement, is a fortified gun emplacement or armored structure from which guns are fired originally a vaulted chamber in a Fortress. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. [2] These were then enlarged under French rule by Marshal Vauban, and augmented again under Austrian rule in the 1730s and 1740s. Sébastien Le Prestre Seigneur de Vauban and later Marquis de Vauban ( May 15, 1633 – March 30, 1707) commonly referred to
During the French Revolutionary Wars, the city was occupied by France twice: once, briefly, in 1792–3, and, later, after a seven-month siege. The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states The First Republic in France, officially the French Republic (République française was proclaimed on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. [3] Luxembourg held out for so long under the French siege that French politician and military engineer Lazare Carnot called Luxembourg "the best [fortress] in the world, except Gibraltar", giving rise to the city's nickname: the 'Gibraltar of the North'. Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Comte Carnot ( May 13, 1753 &mdash August 2, 1823) the Organizer of Victory in the French This article is about the nickname as used to describe Luxembourg City [4]
Nonetheless, the Austrian garrison eventually surrendered, and, as a consequence, Luxembourg was annexed into the French Republic as part of the département of Forêts, with Luxembourg City as its préfecture. Annexation ( Latin ad, to and nexus, joining is the legal incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous In the Terminology of Political geography and Historiography a National department (département departamento is an administrative Forêts was a département of the French First Republic, and later the First French Empire, in present Belgium, Luxembourg A prefecture ( préfecture) in France can refer to: the Chef-lieu de département, the town in which the administration of a ''département'' Under the 1815 Treaty of Paris, which ended the Napoleonic Wars, Luxembourg City was placed under Prussian military control as a part of the German Confederation, although sovereignty passed to the House of Orange-Nassau, in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Treaty of Paris of 1815 was signed on November 20, 1815, following the defeat and second abdication of Napoleon. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau) a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct United Kingdom of the Netherlands (or Kingdom of the United Netherlands) (1815 - 1830 (1839 (Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden Royaume-Uni des Pays-Bas was the unofficial
After the Luxembourg Crisis, the 1867 Treaty of London required Luxembourg to dismantle the fortifications in Luxembourg City. The Luxembourg Crisis (Luxemburgkrise Luxemburgse kwestie was a Diplomatic dispute and confrontation in 1867 between France and Prussia over the political The Treaty of London (Traité de Londres often called the Second Treaty of London after the 1839 Treaty, was an international Treaty signed Their demolition took sixteen years, cost 1. 5 m gold francs, and required the destruction of over 24 km (15 miles) of underground defences and 40,000 m² (10 acres) of casemates, batteries, barracks, etc. The franc (represented by the franc sign ₣ or more commonly just F) is a former Currency of France. A casemate, sometimes rendered casement, is a fortified gun emplacement or armored structure from which guns are fired originally a vaulted chamber in a Fortress. In Military organizations an artillery battery is a unit of Guns mortars or Rockets so grouped in order to facilitate better battlefield Barracks are living quarters for personnel on a Military post [5] Furthermore, the Prussian garrison was to be withdrawn. Garrison (various spellings (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip" is the collective term for a body of Troops [6]
When, in 1890, Grand Duke William III died without any male heirs, the Grand Duchy passed out of Dutch hands, and into an independent line under Grand Duke Adolphe. William III ( Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk, anglicised William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis of Orange-Nassau) ( February 19, Ancestors Thus, Luxembourg, which had hitherto been independent in theory only, became a truly independent country, and Luxembourg City regained some of the importance that it had lost in 1867 by becoming the capital of a fully independent state. Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising
Despite Luxembourg's best efforts to remain neutral in the First World War, it was occupied by Germany on 2 August 1914. For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality see Neutral A neutral country takes no side in a War between other parties World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The German occupation of Luxembourg in World War I was the first of two Military Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year On 30 August, Helmuth von Moltke moved his headquarters to Luxembourg City, closer to his armies in France in preparation for a swift victory. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke ( May 25 1848 &ndash June 18 1916) also known as Moltke the Younger, was a nephew of However, the victory never came, and Luxembourg would play host to the German high command for another four years. At the end of the occupation, Luxembourg City was the scene of an attempted communist revolution; on 9 November 1918, communists declared a socialist republic, but it lasted only a few hours. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The term socialist state (or socialist republic, or workers' state) can carry one of several different (but related meanings In strictly speaking any [7]
In 1921, the city limits were greatly expanded. ----The term city limits (or city boundary) refers to the defined boundary of a City. The communes of Eich, Hamm, Hollerich, and Rollingergrund were annexed into Luxembourg City, making the city the largest commune in the country (a position that it would hold until 1978). Eich (Eech is a quarter in northern Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. Hamm is a quarter in eastern Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. Hollerich (Hollerech is a quarter in south-western Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. Rollingergrund (Rollengergronn is an area of north-western Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.
In 1940, Germany occupied Luxembourg again. The German occupation of Luxembourg in World War II was a period in the history of Luxembourg during which the country was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Nazis were not prepared to allow Luxembourgers self-government, and gradually integrated Luxembourg into the Third Reich until it annexed the Grand Duchy, on 30 August 1942. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Luxembourg City was liberated on 10 September 1944. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [8]
After the war, Luxembourg ended its neutrality, and became a founding member of several inter-governmental and supra-governmental institutions. In 1952, the city became the headquarters of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community. The European Coal and Steel Community ( ECSC) was a six-nation International organisation serving to unify Western Europe during the Cold War and creating In 1967, the High Authority was merged with the commissions of the other European institutions; although Luxembourg City would no longer be the seat of the ECSC, it would play host to some part-sessions of the European Parliament until 1981. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU [9] Luxembourg remains the seat of the European Parliament's secretariat, as well as the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Auditors, and the European Investment Bank. This article refers to the European Union court not the European Court of Human Rights of the Council of Europe The Court of Justice The European Court of Auditors is the fifth institution of the European Union (EU The European Investment Bank ( Banque Européenne d'Investissement) is the European Union 's long-term lending institution established in 1958 under the Treaty Several departments of the European Commission are also based in Luxembourg. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union.
Geography
Topography
Luxembourg City lies on the southern part of the Luxembourg plateau, a large Early Jurassic sandstone formation that forms the heart of the Gutland, a low-lying and flat area that covers the southern two-thirds of the country. The Luxembourg plateau is a large Early Jurassic Sandstone Plateau in south-central Luxembourg. For general context see Jurassic. The Early Jurassic (in geology referred to as the Lower Jurassic, originally (and still in Europe the Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Gutland (Bon Pays is a region covering the southern and central parts of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
The city centre occupies a picturesque site on a salient, perched high atop precipitous cliffs that drop into the narrow valleys of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers, which find their confluence at Luxembourg City. The Alzette (Uelzecht Alzig is a River with a length of 73 kilometers in France and Luxembourg. The Pétrusse (Péitruss Petruss is a River flowing through Luxembourg, joining the Alzette at Luxembourg City. The 70 m- (230 ft) deep gorges cut by the rivers are spanned by many bridges and viaducts, including the Adolphe Bridge, the Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge, and the Passerelle. A viaduct is a Bridge composed of several small spans The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via for road and ducere to Adolphe Bridge (Adolphe-Bréck Pont Adolphe Adolphe-Brücke is an Arch bridge in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. The Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge (Groussherzogin-Charlotte-Bréck Pont Grand-Duchesse Charlotte Großherzogin-Charlotte-Brücke is a Bridge in Luxembourg City For the EU process see Passerelle Clause. Passerelle is also a French word for a small bridge the bridge of a ship a telecommunications gateway Although Luxembourg City is not particularly large, its layout is complex, as the city is set on several levels, straddling hills and dropping into the two gorges.
The commune of Luxembourg City covers a total area of over 51 km², or 2% of the Grand Duchy's total area. This makes the city the fourth-largest commune in Luxembourg, and by far the largest urban area. This is a list of Communes of Luxembourg by area. Cities are given in italics. Luxembourg City is not particularly densely-populated, at under 1,500 people per km²; large areas of Luxembourg City are maintained as parks, forested areas, or sites of important heritage (particularly the UNESCO sites), while there are also large tracts of farmland that lie within the city limits. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16
Quarters of Luxembourg City
Luxembourg City is subdivided into twenty-four quarters, which cover the commune in its entirety. The Quarters of Luxembourg City ( Luxembourgish: Quartierën, French: Quartiers, German: Stadtteile) are the smallest administrative The quarters generally correspond to the major neighbourhoods and suburbs of Luxembourg City, although a few of the historic districts, such as Bonnevoie, are divided between two quarters. A neighbourhood or neighborhood (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised Community within a larger City, Town or South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Bonnevoie (Bouneweg Bonneweg is an area of south-eastern Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.
Climate
Luxembourg City has a mild continental climate, marked by moderately high precipitation. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean daily maximum temperature (°C) | 3 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 21 | 23 | 22 | 19 | 13 | 7 | 4 |
| Mean daily minimum temperature (°C) | -1 | -1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 0 |
| Mean total rainfall (mm) | 61 | 65 | 42 | 47 | 64 | 64 | 60 | 84 | 72 | 53 | 67 | 81 |
| Mean number of rain days (0. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 25mm+) | 20 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 19 | 20 |
| Average sunshine (hours per day) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Source: BBC Weather | ||||||||||||
Government
Local government
Under the Luxembourgian constitution, local government is centred on the city's communal council. The Constitution of Luxembourg is the supreme law of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Luxembourg communal council (Conseil communal de Luxembourg is the Local council for the commune of Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. Consisting of twenty-seven members (fixed since 1964), each elected every six years on the second Sunday of October and taking office on 1 January of the next year,[10] the council is the largest of all communal councils in Luxembourg. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC The city is nowadays considered a stronghold of the Democratic Party (DP),[11] which is the third-largest party nationally. The Democratic Party (Demokratesch Partei Parti Démocratique Demokratische Partei abbreviated to DP, is a liberal Political party in Luxembourg Currently, the Democratic Party is the largest party on the council, with eleven councillors. [12]
The city's administration is headed by the mayor, who is the leader of the largest party on the communal council. The Mayor of Luxembourg City is the Mayor of Luxembourg 's Capital and largest city Luxembourg City. As a result of the DP's control of the communal council, the mayor has been the DP's Paul Helminger since 18 August 1999. Paul Helminger (born 28 October 1940 in Esch-sur-Alzette) is a Luxembourgian Politician. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) [11] The mayor leads the cabinet, the collège échevinal, in which the DP forms a coalition with The Greens. An échevin (Schäffe Schöffe is a member of the administration of a Luxembourgian commune. The Greens (Déi Gréng Les Verts Die Grünen is a Luxembourgian green Political party. [13] Unlike other cities in Luxembourg, which are limited to four échevins at most, Luxembourg is given special dispensation to have six échevins on its collège échevinal. An échevin (Schäffe Schöffe is a member of the administration of a Luxembourgian commune. [14]
National government
Luxembourg City is the Seat for the Luxembourg Government. The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg also lives there.
European institutions
Luxembourg City is the seat of several institutions of the European Union, including the European Court of Justice, the secretariat of the European Parliament, the European Court of Auditors and the European Investment Bank. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in This article refers to the European Union court not the European Court of Human Rights of the Council of Europe The Court of Justice The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU The European Court of Auditors is the fifth institution of the European Union (EU The European Investment Bank ( Banque Européenne d'Investissement) is the European Union 's long-term lending institution established in 1958 under the Treaty The majority of these institutions are located in the Kirchberg quarter, in the northeast of the city. Kirchberg or the Kirchberg is a quarter in north-eastern Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.
Places of interest
Places of interest include the neogothic Cathedral of Notre Dame, the fortifications, the Grand Ducal Palace, the Gëlle Fra war memorial, the casemates, the Neumünster Abbey, the Place d'Armes, the Adolphe Bridge and the city hall. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began Notre-Dame Cathedral (Kathedral Notre-Dame Cathédrale Notre-Dame Kathedrale unserer lieben Frau is the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Luxembourg City, The Grand Ducal Palace (Groussherzogleche Palais Palais grand-ducal Großherzogliches Palais is a palace in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. The Monument of Remembrance (Monument du Souvenir usually known by the nickname of the Gëlle Fra ( Luxembourgish for 'Golden Lady' is a War memorial A war memorial is a building monument statue or other edifice to celebrate a War or victory or (predominating in modern times to commemorate those who died or were injured Neumünster Abbey is a public meeting place and cultural centre located in the Grund district of Luxembourg City in southern Luxembourg. Adolphe Bridge (Adolphe-Bréck Pont Adolphe Adolphe-Brücke is an Arch bridge in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. The city is the home of the University of Luxembourg and Radio Luxembourg. Studies The study programme is set up in the Bologna system and oriented towards the interest of young people and the needs of the employment market
The Second World War Luxembourg American Cemetery and Memorial is located within the city limits of Luxembourg. The Luxembourg American Cemetery and Memorial is located in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. This cemetery is the final resting place of 5,076 American military dead, including General George S. Patton. For the 19th century Scottish jurist/politician see George Patton Lord Glenalmond. There is also a memorial to 371 Americans whose remains were never recovered or identified. Other places of interests include:
Twin towns
See also
- Eurovision Song Contest 1962, held at the Villa Louvigny
- Eurovision Song Contest 1966, held at the Villa Louvigny
- Eurovision Song Contest 1973, held at the Nouveau Théâtre Municipal
- Eurovision Song Contest 1984, held in the Nouveau Théâtre Municipal
Footnotes
- ^ Great Circle Distances between Cities. Am Tunnel is a Contemporary art gallery, situated in a Tunnel in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. The Conservatoire de Luxembourg is a Conservatoire in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. The National Sporting and Cultural Centre (Centre National Sportif et Culturel better known as d'Coque, is an Indoor arena in Kirchberg, a quarter The Monument of the Millennium is an Archaeological site and reconstruction in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. The Grand Duke Jean Museum of Modern Art (Musée d'art moderne Grand-Duc Jean abbreviated to Mudam, is a Museum of Modern art in Luxembourg City The National Museum of History and Art (Nationalmusée fir Geschicht a Konscht Musée national d'histoire et d'art Nationalmuseum für Geschichte und Kunst abbreviated to MNHA The National Museum of Natural History (Nationalmusée fir Naturgeschicht Musée national d'histoire naturelle is a Natural history museum in Luxembourg City The Grande-Duchesse Joséphine-Charlotte Concert Hall (Salle de Concerts Grande-Duchesse Joséphine-Charlotte known more usually as the Philharmonie Luxembourg, is a Concert Villa Louvigny is a building in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, that served as the headquarters of Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion The London Borough of Camden ( is a borough of London, England, which forms part of Inner London. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Wythenshawe (pop 66000 is a district in the south of the City of Manchester in North West England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Metz (mɛs in French) is a city in the northeast of France, capital of the Lorraine région and Préfecture This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Mayor of Luxembourg City is the Mayor of Luxembourg 's Capital and largest city Luxembourg City. The Eurovision Song Contest 1962 was the seventh in the series Villa Louvigny is a building in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, that served as the headquarters of Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion The Eurovision Song Contest 1966 was the 11th edition and was held on 5 March 1966 in Luxembourg, Luxembourg. The Eurovision Song Contest 1973 was the eighteenth Eurovision Song Contest and was held in Luxembourg. The Eurovision Song Contest 1984 was the 29th Eurovision Song Contest and was held on May 5, 1984 in Luxembourg. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2005-03-26. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2006-07-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France.
- ^ The Fortress. Luxembourg City Tourism Office. Retrieved on 2006-07-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France.
- ^ Kreins (2003), p. 64
- ^ Kreins (2003), p. 64
- ^ World Heritage List - Luxembourg (PDF). UNESCO (1 October 1993). Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ (French) Treaty of London, 1867, Article IV. GWPDA. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ Luxembourg country profile. WorldStatesman. org. Retrieved on 2006-07-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France.
- ^ Thewes (2003), p. 121
- ^ Alcide De Gasperi Building. Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l’Europe (16 June 2006). Retrieved on 2006-07-23. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France.
- ^ (French) Attributions du conseil communal. Ville de Luxembourg. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
- ^ a b (French) Hansen, Josée. "Cliff-hanger", Lëtzebuerger Land, 8 October 1999. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
- ^ (French) Composition du conseil communal. Ville de Luxembourg. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
- ^ (French) Composition du collège échevinal. Ville de Luxembourg. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
- ^ (French) Organisation des communes - Textes Organiques. Code administratif Luxembourgeois. Service central de législation (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
- ^ Twin Towns in the UK. Dorset Twinning Association (11 May 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
References
- (French) Kreins, Jean-Marie (2003). Histoire du Luxembourg, 3rd edition, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 978-21-3053-852-3.
- (French) Thewes, Guy (July 2003). Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848 (PDF), Édition limitée, Luxembourg City: Service Information et Presse. ISBN 2-87999-118-8. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England
External links
- Commune of Luxembourg official website
- Luxembourg City Tourism
- Museum of the city of Luxembourg website
- HoloGuides - photos, events and news
- Luxembourg (city) travel guide from Wikitravel
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