Citizendia
Your Ad Here

An engraver's impression of Antonio Stradivari examining an instrument.
An engraver's impression of Antonio Stradivari examining an instrument. Antonio Stradivari (1644 &ndash December 18 1737 was an Italian Luthier, a crafter of Stringed instruments such as Violins cellos

A luthier (IPA: /ˈljuːtiɚ/) is someone who makes or repairs stringed instruments. A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a Musical instrument that produces Sound by means of Vibrating strings In the Hornbostel-Sachs The word luthier comes from the French word for lute, "luth". French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from

The craft of lutherie is commonly divided into two main categories: stringed instruments that are plucked or strummed, and stringed instruments that are bowed. A craft is a Skill, especially involving practical arts. It may refer to a Trade or particular art Plucked string instruments are a subcategory of String instruments that are played by plucking the strings Plucking is a way of pulling and releasing the string in In Music, a bow is moved across some part of a Musical instrument, causing Vibration which the instrument emits as Sound. While there is a nearly limitless variety of stringed instruments both historic and modern, from many places and cultures — the following lists give some examples of instruments in each category still in use today. [1]

In the first category are the: autoharp, banjo, bouzouki, charango, cittern, dulcimer, guitar, harp, kantele, kithara, kora, koto, lute, theorbo, archlute, angelique, torban, kobza, bandura, lyre, mandolin, oud, shamisen, sitar, ukulele, and veena. The Autoharp is a musical String instrument having a series of chord bars attached to dampers which when depressed mute all the strings other than those that form the The banjo is a Stringed instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States, adapted from several African instruments The bouzouki ( gr το μπουζούκι pl. τα μπουζούκια (plural sometimes transliterated as bouzoukia) is the mainstay of modern This article is about an instrument For the album by British Trip-Hop band Morcheeba, see Charango. The cittern (occasionally spelled " cithern " is a stringed instrument of the Lute / Guitar family dating from the Renaissance. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The harp is a Stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. Kantele (other names kannel, sormikantele) is a Finnish traditional Plucked string instrument. The kithara was an Ancient Greek Musical instrument in the Lyre family The kora is a 21- string Harp - Lute used extensively by peoples in West Africa. The koto ( 琴 or 箏) is a traditional Japanese stringed Musical instrument derived from the Chinese Zither ( Guzheng Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from A theorbo (tiorba also tuorbe; tiorba Theorbe is a plucked string instrument The archlute (Italian arciliuto, German Erzlaute, Russian Архилютня) is a European plucked String instrument developed around 1600 The angélique (French from Italian angelica) is a plucked string instrument of the Lute family of the baroque era The torban or teorban is a Ukrainian Musical instrument that combines the features of the Baroque Lute with those of the Psaltery. The term kobza refers to various musical instruments in eastern Europe Bandura (Банду́ра refers to a Ukrainian plucked string folk instrument. The lyre is a stringed musical instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity and later A mandolin is a musical instrument in the Lute family (plucked or strummed The oud ( عود ʿūd, plural أعواد, a‘wād; kaban; Persian: بربط barbat; ud The shamisen or samisen ( Japanese: 三[[wiktionary 味|味]] 線, literally "three flavor strings" also called sangen (literally The sitar ( Hindi: सितार Urdu: ستار Persian: سی تار) is a Plucked stringed instrument. The ukulele (ˌjʉːkəˈlɛɪli from ʻukulele /ˌʔukuˈlele/ variantly spelled ukelele (particularly in the UK) or alternatively abbreviated uke Veena (also spelled 'vina' Kannada: ವೀಣ Malayalam: വീണ Tamil: வீணா Telugu: వీణ is a Plucked stringed

In the second category are the: cello, crwth, double bass, erhu, fiddle, mouthbow, nyckelharpa, hurdy gurdy, rabab, rebec, sarangi, viol, viola, viola da braccio, viola d'amore, viola da gamba and violin. The violoncello (abbreviated to cello, or 'cello, plural cellos or celli —the c is tʃ The crwth is an archaic stringed Musical instrument, associated particularly with Welsh music, although once played widely in Europe The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. The erhu ( also called nanhu ( 南[[wikt 胡|胡]] "southern fiddle" and sometimes known in the West as the "Chinese The musical bow is a simple string Musical instrument consisting of a string supported by a flexible string bearer usually made out of Wood. A nyckelharpa (literally "key harp" plural nyckelharpor or sometimes keyed fiddle) is a traditional Swedish musical instrument A hurdy gurdy (also known as a wheel fiddle) is a stringed Musical instrument in which the strings are sounded by means of a Rosined wheel which the strings The rebab ( Arabic الرباب or رباب; also rebap, rabab, rebeb, The rebec (sometimes rebeck, and originally various other spellings is a bowed string Musical instrument. The Sarangi ( Hindi The viol (also called viola da gamba) is any one of a family of bowed, Fretted stringed Musical instruments developed in the 1400s The viola is a bowed String instrument. It is the middle voice of the Violin family, The Violin family of Musical instruments was developed in Italy in the Sixteenth century. The viola d'amore ( Italian: love Viol) is a 7- or 6- stringed Musical instrument with Sympathetic strings used chiefly in the The viol (also called viola da gamba) is any one of a family of bowed, Fretted stringed Musical instruments developed in the 1400s The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member

Since bowed stringed instruments require a bow, this second category of luthier contains a subtype known as an "archetier", which is a French word for one who makes bows. [2] While the division of luthiers into two categories may seem arbitrary, there are those who are passionate about the difference between these categories. [3][4] For this reason, the remainder of this article will use the division for clarity and convenience.

Workshop of a luthier in Cremona
Workshop of a luthier in Cremona

Contents

Plucked strings

Lutes

Important luthiers who specialized in the instruments of the lute family (lutes, archlutes, theorbos, vihuelas etc. Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from The archlute (Italian arciliuto, German Erzlaute, Russian Архилютня) is a European plucked String instrument developed around 1600 A theorbo (tiorba also tuorbe; tiorba Theorbe is a plucked string instrument Vihuela is a name given to two different Guitar -like String instruments one from 15th and 16th century Spain, usually with 12 paired strings and the ):

The varnishing of a violin
The varnishing of a violin

and in our time:

Guitars

Further information: Classical guitar making and List of guitar manufacturers

Two important early luthiers in the guitar category are Antonio Torres Jurado of Spain, who is credited with developing the form of classical guitar that is still in use today, and Christian Frederick Martin of Germany who developed a form which later evolved into the steel-string acoustic guitar. Tieffenbrucker is a large multigenerational family of Luthiers originally from Bavaria, active mostly in Venice, Italy. Martin Hoffmann (born 16?? in Leipzig) is an important German Luthier. Joachim Tielke ( October 14, 1641 – January 19, 1719) was a German maker of Musical instruments. Martin Leopold Widhalm ( October 2, 1722 &ndash June 10, 1776) was an Austrian Luthier. Andrew Rutherford (born in 195? is an American Lutenist and Luthier living and working in New York City Richard Berg is a prolific Wargame designer and recipient of the Charles S Cezar Mateus (born 1961 in Bucharest, Romania) is an American lutenist composer and Luthier working in Princeton New Jersey. This article is about the Classical guitar making, the Classical guitar strings and the Classical guitar accessories. This is a list of notable Guitar manufacturers A Ace Musical Instruments Alembic Inc Alvarez Antonio de Torres Jurado ( June 13, 1817 – November 19, 1892) was a Spanish guitarist and guitar maker Christian Frederick Martin Sr (Christian Friedrich Martin I January 31, 1796 &ndash February 16, 1873) was a Luthier who specialized

Orville Gibson was an American luthier who specialized in mandolins, and is credited with creating the archtop guitar. Orville H Gibson ( 1856 - August 21 1918, Chateaugay New York) was a Luthier who founded the Gibson Guitar Corporation An archtop guitar is a steel-stringed acoustic or semi-acoustic Guitar with a full body and a distinctive arched top whose sound is particularly

John D'Angelico and Jimmy D'Aquisto were two important 20th century luthiers who worked with archtop guitars. James L D'Aquisto (1935-1995 was an American guitar maker best known as one of the premier makers of custom Archtop guitars He served as an apprentice

Lloyd Loar, worked briefly for the Gibson Guitar Corporation making mandolins and guitars. Lloyd Allayre Loar (1886-1943 was a Gibson sound engineer and master Luthier in the early part of the 20th century The Gibson Guitar Corporation of Nashville Tennessee, USA is a manufacturer of acoustic and Electric guitars The company's most popular guitar His designs for a family of archtop instruments (mandolin, mandola, guitar, et cetera) are held in high esteem by today's luthiers, who seek to reproduce their sound.

Paul Bigsby's innovation of the tremolo arm for archtop and electric guitars is still in use today and may have influenced Leo Fender's design for the Stratocaster solid body electric guitar, as well as the Jaguar and Jazzmaster. Paul Adelburt Bigsby (1899&ndash1968 was the designer of the Bigsby vibrato tailpiece (also known as a Tremolo arm) and proprietor of Bigsby Guitars A tremolo arm or tremolo bar (also called a "whammy bar" or "wang bar" is a lever attached to the bridge and/or the Tailpiece of An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder Clarence Leonidas Fender ( August 10, 1909 - March 21, 1991) also known as Leo Fender, was an American inventor who The Fender Stratocaster, often referred to as the Strat, is a model of Electric guitar designed by Leo Fender, George Fullerton and Freddie Tavares An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder The Fender Jaguar is an Electric guitar which was introduced in 1962 The Fender Jazzmaster is an Electric guitar that was first introduced at the 1958 NAMM Show and was designed as a more upmarket instrument than the

Concurrent with Fender's work, guitarist Les Paul independently developed a solid body electric guitar. Les Paul (born Lester William Polsfuss on June 9 1915) is an American Jazz guitarist and Inventor. However both Fender and Paul were preceded by Adolph Rickenbacher's Bakelite "frying pan" solid body electric guitar developed with and patented by George Beauchamp. Bakelite (ˈbеɪkɨlaɪt is a material based on the thermosetting Phenol formaldehyde resin polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride developed in 1907–1909 by The "Frying Pan" was the first Electric guitar ever produced George D Beauchamp (1899 &ndash 1941 inventor of musical instruments and co-founder of National Stringed Instrument Corporation and Rickenbacker. [5]

A company founded by luthier Friedrich Gretsch and continued by his son and grandson, Fred and Fred Jr. Gretsch is a US Musical instrument manufacturer currently being distributed by Guitar company Fender and Drum craft company , originally made banjos, but is more famous today for its electric guitars.

Bowed strings

Further information: Violin construction and mechanics

To put the bowed stringed luthiers into some sort of manageable order, it is prudent to begin with the purported "inventor" of the violin, Andrea Amati. A Violin consists of a body or corpus a neck a bridge, a soundpost four strings, and various fittings Amati is the name of a family of Italian Violin makers who flourished at Cremona from about 1549 to 1740 Amati was originally a lute maker but turned to the new instrument form of violin in the mid 16th century. He was the progenator of the famous Amati family of luthiers active in Cremona, Italy until the 18th century. Cremonese redirects here For the football team see US Cremonese Cremona is a City in northern Italy, situated Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Andrea Amati's son, Nicolò, was himself an important master luthier who had several apprentices of note including Andrea Guarneri, Francesco Ruggieri, Antonio Stradivari, Giovanni Battista Rogeri, Matthias Klotz and possibly Jacob Stainer. Guarneri is the family name of a group of distinguished Violin makers ( Luthiers from Cremona in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries whose standing Francesco Ruggieri (c 1630 - c 1698 (Also known as Rugier Ruggeri Ruggerius was perhaps an apprentice of Nicolò Amati, another important Luthier in Cremona Antonio Stradivari (1644 &ndash December 18 1737 was an Italian Luthier, a crafter of Stringed instruments such as Violins cellos Klotz is a family of Violin makers Members of the Klotz (or Kloz family have made violins in Mittenwald Germany from the mid-1600s to the present Jacob Stainer (c 1617-1683 was the earliest and best known Austrian Luthier.

Two other important early luthiers of the violin family were Gasparo da Salò of Brescia, Italy and Gasparo Duiffopruggar of Austria who were each originally credited with invention of the first violin. Gasparo da Salò ( May 20 1540 - April 14 1609) is the name given to Gasparo di Bertolotti one of the earliest violin makers of which Brescia ( Lombard: Brèsa) is a city in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. Gasparo Duiffopruggar (1514 - c 1570 (First name alternately spelled "Gaspard" last name alternately spelled "Dieffopruchar" or "Duiffoprugcar" "Duiffoprugghar" Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich However, this attribute has since been removed but is still often incorrectly cited. da Salò had at least one important apprentice--Giovanni Paolo Maggini who inherited da Salò's business in Brescia upon da Salò's death. Giovanni Paolo Maggini (c 1580 - c 1630 was a Luthier born in Botticino Italy. Valentino Siani worked with Giovanni Paolo Maggini. Valentino Siani (c1595&ndash1672 was an Italian violinmaker who worked in Brescia and Florence. In 1620 he moved to Florence.

Of those luthiers born in the mid 17th century, there are Giovanni Grancino, Carlo Giuseppe Testore and son Carlo Antonio Testore, all from Milan. Giovanni Grancino (1637-1709 son of Andrea Grancino was one of the early Milanese Luthiers, and may have worked with brother Francesco Carlo Giuseppe Testore (c 1665 - 1716 was an Italian Luthier who worked in his later life in Milan. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. From Venice the luthiers Matteo Goffriller, Domenico Montagnana, Sanctus Seraphin and Carlo Annibale Tononi were principals in the Venetian school of violin making (although the latter began his career in Bologna). Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Matteo Goffriller (1659 – 1742 was an Italian Luthier, particularly noted for the quality of his Cellos Although it is known that Goffriller was Domenico Montagnana (1686-1750 was an Italian Master Luthier based in Venice, Italy. Sanctus Seraphin (1699-c1758 (Also known as Santo Also known as Serafin Serafino was a financially successful Luthier, (violin maker working first in Udine Carlo Annibale Tononi (1675-1730 was a Luthier who trained and worked with his father in the Tononi family workshop in Bologna Italy until his father Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy [6] The Bergonzi family of luthiers were the successors to the Amati family in Cremona. Carlo Bergonzi ( 21 December 1683 &ndash 9 February 1747) was an Italian Luthier who apprenticed with Hieronymus Amati David Tecchler who was born in Austria later worked in both Venice and Rome. David Tecchler (1666 – 1748 was an Austrian Luthier, best known for his Cellos and Double basses Tecchler was born in Salzburg, Austria Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2

Important luthiers from the early 18th century include Nicolò Gagliano of Naples, Italy, Carlo Ferdinando Landolfi of Milan and Giovanni Battista Guadagnini who roamed throughout Italy during his lifetime. Nicolo Gagliano (fl ca 1740-1780 was an Italian Violin -maker the eldest son of Alessandro Gagliano. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Carlo Ferdinando Landolfi (c1710-1784 was a Luthier active in Milan, Italy who may have been a pupil of Giovanni Battista Guadagnini, although Giovanni Battista Guadagnini ( JB Guadagnini; Giambattista Guadagnini; June 23 1711 - September 18 1786) was an Italian From Austria originally, Leopold Widhalm later established himself in Nürnberg, Germany. Martin Leopold Widhalm ( October 2, 1722 &ndash June 10, 1776) was an Austrian Luthier. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

The early 19th century luthiers of the Mirecourt school of violin making in France were the Vuillaume family, Charles Jean Baptiste Collin-Mezin, and Collin-Mezin's son, Charles Collin-Mezin, Jr.. Mirecourt is a commune of the Vosges département in France. It is located in the northeastern part of the country and is known for This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Jean Baptiste Vuillaume ( October 7 1798 &ndash March 19 1875) was an illustrious French Violin maker. Charles Jean Baptiste Collin-Mezin (1841-1923 was a distinguished French maker of Violins, Violas, Cellos, basses and bows Charles Collin-Mezin Jr (1870&ndash1934 was a French Violin maker, and an Officier de l'Académie des Beaux-Arts

Jérôme-Thibouville-Lamy was the most important musical instrument maker in France. The firm started making wind instruments around 1730 at La Couture-Boussey then moved to Mirecourt around 1760 and started making violins, guitars, mandolins and musical accessories. It was very successful, and opened offices in Paris, then in London. It made thousands of quality instruments that were exported throughout the world.

Modern luthiers (violin)

20th Century Luthiers

Contemporary Luthiers

Cremona, Italy

NonCremona,Italy

Suggested reading

External links

Dictionary

luthier

-noun

  1. A person who, or a business which, makes or repairs stringed wooden musical instruments, such as violins, cellos, guitars and (of course) lutes.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic